Evolution of the 12 July 2012 CME from the Sun to the Earth: Data-constrained three-dimensional MHD simulations

AbstractConcentrated magnetic structures such as sunspots and starspots play a fundamental role in driving solar and stellar activity. However, as opposed to the sun, observations as well as numerical simulations have shown that stellar spots are usually formed as high-latitude patches extended over wide areas. Using a fully spectral magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code, we simulate polar starspots produced by self-consistent dynamo action in rapidly rotating convective shells. We carry out high resolution simulations and investigate various properties related to stellar dynamics which lead to starspot formation.

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IS THE SUN LIGHTER THAN THE EARTH? ISOTOPIC CO IN THE PHOTOSPHERE, VIEWED THROUGH THE LENS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS

The Astrophysical Journal ◽

10.1088/0004-637x/765/1/46 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 765 (1) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Thomas R. Ayres ◽

J. R. Lyons ◽

H.-G. Ludwig ◽

E. Caffau ◽

S. Wedemeyer-Böhm

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

The Sun ◽

The Earth ◽

Dimensional Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Synthesis

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Everything Is A Circle: A New Universal Orbital Model

10.20944/preprints202104.0663.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

AslıPınar Tan

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ecliptic Plane ◽

The Sun ◽

The Moon ◽

Circular Orbits ◽

Orbital Parameters ◽

The Earth ◽

Angular Velocities

Based on measured astronomical position data of heavenly objects in the Solar System and other planetary systems, all bodies in space seem to move in some kind of elliptical motion with respect to each other. According to Kepler’s 1st Law, “orbit of a planet with respect to the Sun is an ellipse, with the Sun at one of the two foci.” Orbit of the Moon with respect to Earth is also distinctly elliptical, but this ellipse has a varying eccentricity as the Moon comes closer to and goes farther away from the Earth in a harmonic style along a full cycle of this ellipse. In this paper, our research results are summarized, where it is first mathematically shown that the “distance between points around any two different circles in three dimensional space” is equivalent to the “distance of points around a vector ellipse to another fixed or moving point, as in two dimensional space”. What is done is equivalent to showing that bodies moving on two different circular orbits in space vector wise behave as if moving on an elliptical path with respect to each other, and virtually seeing each other as positioned at an instantaneously stationary point in space on their relative ecliptic plane, whether they are moving with the same angular velocity, or different but fixed angular velocities, or even with different and changing angular velocities with respect to their own centers of revolution. This mathematical revelation has the potential to lead to far reaching discoveries in physics, enabling more insight into forces of nature, with a formulation of a new fundamental model regarding the motions of bodies in the Universe, including the Sun, Planets, and Satellites in the Solar System and elsewhere, as well as at particle and subatomic level. Based on the demonstrated mathematical analysis, as they exhibit almost fixed elliptic orbits relative to one another over time, the assertion is made that the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon must each be revolving in their individual circular orbits of revolution in space. With this expectation, individual orbital parameters of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are calculated based on observed Earth to Sun and Earth to Moon distance data, also using analytical methods developed as part of this research to an approximation. This calculation and analysis process have revealed additional results aligned with observation, and this also supports our assertion that the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon must actually be revolving in individual circular orbits.

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The early Earth under a superflare and super-CME attack: prospects for life

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s174392131600226x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (S320) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimir Airapetian ◽

Alex Glocer ◽

Guillaume Gronoff

Keyword(s):

Molecular Nitrogen ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Solar Energetic Particle ◽

Early Earth ◽

Polar Cap ◽

Mhd Simulations ◽

The Earth ◽

The Origin Of Life ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

The Impact

AbstractKepler observations suggest that G-type stars produce powerful flares suggesting that the early Earth may also have been exposed to frequent and energetic solar explosive events generated by the young Sun. We show that powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) events associated with superflares impacting the Earth magnetosphere with a frequency of 1 event/day. What was the impact of superflares, CMEs and associated solar energetic particle (SEPs) events on the atmospheric erosion of the young Earth and habitability? In this paper we discuss our three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations that show that frequent and energetic CMEs from the early Sun continuously destroyed the sub-solar parts of Earth's magnetosphere at heights < 1.25 RE. This suggests that CME shock accelerated energetic protons are capable of penetrating into the polar cap region and breaking atmospheric molecular nitrogen, the major ingredient of the early Earth atmosphere, into atomic nitrogen. Photo-collisional dissociation of molecular nitrogen and carbon dioxide creates reactive chemistry that efficiently produces nitrous oxide and hydrogen cyanide, the essential molecule in prebiotic life chemistry. This raises an possibility that frequent super-CMEs could serve as a potential catalyst for the origin of life on early Earth.

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Morphology of the March 23, 1966, Forbush decrease

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p68-366 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. S849-S853 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. B. Mercer ◽

B. G. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Forbush Decrease ◽

The Sun ◽

The Earth

A three-dimensional analysis of anisotropies occurring in a major Forbush decrease is presented. The onset of the decrease is first detected at the earth from a direction 90° east of the sun–earth line.

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Seti Space Missions

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100015372 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 761-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claudio Maccone

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Space Missions ◽

Gravitational Lens ◽

The Sun ◽

Space Antenna ◽

Focal Distance ◽

Large Space ◽

The Earth ◽

Space Antennas ◽

New Space

AbstractSETI from space is currently envisaged in three ways: i) by large space antennas orbiting the Earth that could be used for both VLBI and SETI (VSOP and RadioAstron missions), ii) by a radiotelescope inside the Saha far side Moon crater and an Earth-link antenna on the Mare Smythii near side plain. Such SETIMOON mission would require no astronaut work since a Tether, deployed in Moon orbit until the two antennas landed softly, would also be the cable connecting them. Alternatively, a data relay satellite orbiting the Earth-Moon Lagrangian pointL2would avoid the Earthlink antenna, iii) by a large space antenna put at the foci of the Sun gravitational lens: 1) for electromagnetic waves, the minimal focal distance is 550 Astronomical Units (AU) or 14 times beyond Pluto. One could use the huge radio magnifications of sources aligned to the Sun and spacecraft; 2) for gravitational waves and neutrinos, the focus lies between 22.45 and 29.59 AU (Uranus and Neptune orbits), with a flight time of less than 30 years. Two new space missions, of SETI interest if ET’s use neutrinos for communications, are proposed.

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Spots on the Sun and Life on the Earth

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences ◽

10.29169/1927-5129.2019.15.09 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77

Author(s):

Valentina V. Ukraintseva ◽

Keyword(s):

The Sun ◽

The Earth

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Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing

10.1093/oso/9780195393965.001.0001 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

David Fisher

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Atomic Nucleus ◽

The Sun ◽

Scientific Journals ◽

Rare Gases ◽

Important Work ◽

The Earth ◽

Wide Range ◽

Life On Mars ◽

The Universe

There are eight columns in the Periodic Table. The eighth column is comprised of the rare gases, so-called because they are the rarest elements on earth. They are also called the inert or noble gases because, like nobility, they do no work. They are colorless, odorless, invisible gases which do not react with anything, and were thought to be unimportant until the early 1960s. Starting in that era, David Fisher has spent roughly fifty years doing research on these gases, publishing nearly a hundred papers in the scientific journals, applying them to problems in geophysics and cosmochemistry, and learning how other scientists have utilized them to change our ideas about the universe, the sun, and our own planet. Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing will cover this spectrum of ideas, interspersed with the author's own work which will serve to introduce each gas and the important work others have done with them. The rare gases have participated in a wide range of scientific advances-even revolutions-but no book has ever recorded the entire story. Fisher will range from the intricacies of the atomic nucleus and the tiniest of elementary particles, the neutrino, to the energy source of the stars; from the age of the earth to its future energies; from life on Mars to cancer here on earth. A whole panoply that has never before been told as an entity.

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Dombey and Son

10.1093/owc/9780199536283.001.0001 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Charles Dickens ◽

Dennis Walder

Keyword(s):

Family Relationships ◽

The Sun ◽

The Novel ◽

The Earth ◽

The Future ◽

Original Illustrations ◽

The One

Dombey and Son ... Those three words conveyed the one idea of Mr. Dombey's life. The earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in, and the sun and moon were made to give them light.' The hopes of Mr Dombey for the future of his shipping firm are centred on his delicate son Paul, and Florence, his devoted daughter, is unloved and neglected. When the firm faces ruin, and Dombey's second marriage ends in disaster, only Florence has the strength and humanity to save her father from desolate solitude. This new edition contains Dickens's prefaces, his working plans, and all the original illustrations by ‘Phiz’. The text is that of the definitive Clarendon edition. It has been supplemented by a wide-ranging Introduction, highlighting Dickens's engagement with his times, and the touching exploration of family relationships which give the novel added depth and relevance.

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Can Multi-threaded Flux Tubes in Coronal Arcades Support a Magnetohydrodynamic Avalanche?

Solar Physics ◽

10.1007/s11207-021-01865-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 296 (8) ◽

Author(s):

J. Threlfall ◽

J. Reid ◽

A. W. Hood

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Coronal Loops ◽

Flux Tubes ◽

Single Thread ◽

Mhd Instabilities ◽

Mhd Instability ◽

Mhd Simulations ◽

Ideal Mhd ◽

Model Geometry

AbstractMagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities allow energy to be released from stressed magnetic fields, commonly modelled in cylindrical flux tubes linking parallel planes, but, more recently, also in curved arcades containing flux tubes with both footpoints in the same photospheric plane. Uncurved cylindrical flux tubes containing multiple individual threads have been shown to be capable of sustaining an MHD avalanche, whereby a single unstable thread can destabilise many. We examine the properties of multi-threaded coronal loops, wherein each thread is created by photospheric driving in a realistic, curved coronal arcade structure (with both footpoints of each thread in the same plane). We use three-dimensional MHD simulations to study the evolution of single- and multi-threaded coronal loops, which become unstable and reconnect, while varying the driving velocity of individual threads. Experiments containing a single thread destabilise in a manner indicative of an ideal MHD instability and consistent with previous examples in the literature. The introduction of additional threads modifies this picture, with aspects of the model geometry and relative driving speeds of individual threads affecting the ability of any thread to destabilise others. In both single- and multi-threaded cases, continuous driving of the remnants of disrupted threads produces secondary, aperiodic bursts of energetic release.

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