Source to sink evaluation of sediment routing in the Gulf of Alaska and Southeast Alaska: A thermochronometric perspective

ABSTRACTEulachon Thaleichthys pacificus, a culturally and ecologically important anadromous smelt (Family Osmeridae), ranges from Northern California to the southeast Bering Sea. In recent decades, some populations have experienced declines. Here we use a contig-level genome assembly combined with previously published RADseq-derived markers to construct an amplicon panel for eulachon. Using this panel, we develop a filtered genetic baseline of 521 variant loci genotyped in 1,989 individuals from 14 populations ranging from Northern California through Central Alaska. Consistent with prior genetic studies, the strongest separation occurs among three main regions: from Northern California up to and including the Fraser River; north of the Fraser River to southeast Alaska; and within the Gulf of Alaska. Separating the Fraser River from southern US populations, and refining additional substructure within the central coast may be possible in mixed-stock analysis; this will be addressed in future work. The amplicon panel outperformed the previous microsatellite panel, and thus will be used in future mixed-stock analyses of eulachon in order to provide new insights for management and conservation of eulachon.

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Geomorphic variability and sediment dynamics in small catchments of dryland environments: Application into sand mining

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2426 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abhishek kumar Singh ◽

Nishith Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Mining Activity ◽

Series Data ◽

Western India ◽

Natural Sand ◽

Small Catchment ◽

Sediment Routing ◽

Source To Sink ◽

Small Catchments

<p>The understanding of the sediment routing system and source-to-sink dynamics in a catchment is vital as it helps to assess areas undergoing erosion and deposition. This is significant in catchments which undergo active mining activities especially natural sand materials. The role of climate and natural erosional processes is vital in this as mining of sand is also affected by natural replenishment. In present study, we take a case study of a small catchment of 30km length ~ Chharri, situated in arid landscape of Kachchh of western India. Using geomorphic assemblage mapped using remote sensing and field investigation, we identified natural sub-sinks (depocenters) in the Chharri river valley. The investigation was validated by studying sediment profiles of the depocentral landforms in seasonal time series (pre-monsoon and post monsoon sessions). The changes in morphology, sediments accumulations were integrated to assess the natural sand replenishment in areas which had been undergoing mining activity. Based on time series data it was deduced that the small catchments in dry-land environments, the sand production and dynamics is modulated by type of vegetation, pattern in precipitation and human intervention. The results of such source-to-sink study have long-term implications on sand replenishment, mining activity and landscape evolution of such river basins.</p>

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Diachronous exhumation of the Carpathians from low-temperature thermochronology

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2648 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marion Roger ◽

Peter van der Beek ◽

Arjan de Leeuw ◽

Laurent Husson

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Foreland Basin ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Oblique Collision ◽

The Carpathians ◽

Sediment Routing ◽

Source To Sink ◽

Zircon Fission Track ◽

Eastern Carpathians ◽

Exhumation Rates

<p>The Carpathians fold-and-thrust belt results from oblique collision of ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia plates with the eastern European margin. It formed during the Oligocene and Miocene, propagating laterally from NW to SE as clearly demonstrated by balanced-cross sections (Nakapelyukh et al., 2017; Castellucio et al., 2016; Merten et al., 2010). The coeval development of the foreland basin (Roure et al., 1993) is revealed by an axial transport system that prograded from NW to SE, ultimately supplying sediments to the Black Sea (de Leeuw et al., 2020). However, lacking a regional synthesis and integration of thermochronology data, lateral propagation of exhumation in the orogen has not been demonstrated yet.</p><p>&#160;We reconstruct the exhumation history of the entire Carpathians from the Oligocene onwards and link it with the development of the Carpathians foreland basin (CFB) using a source-to-sink approach. We compiled more than 500 apatite and zircon fission-track and (U-Th)/He ages from the literature. This comprehensive database was separated by region (Western, Eastern, and South-Eastern Carpathians) and by tectonic domain (as defined in Schmid et al., 2008). This partitioning allows for the inversion of large datasets, reflects the tectonic complexity of the belt, and avoids spurious spatial correlations (Schildgen et al., 2018). The thermochronology data was inverted using Pecube (Braun et al., 2012) to constrain exhumation rates in a Bayesian approach. We thus obtain estimates of exhumation rates through time along the belt (with their uncertainty) and convert these into bulk &#160;sediment fluxes over time, permitting tracking of sediment routing from the eroding belt to the CFB. Ultimately, these data will be used to unravel deeper geodynamics, including the possible effects of slab detachment on the evolution of the belt and its foreland basin.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>Key words: Low-temperature thermochronology, Carpathians, exhumation, source to sink, Pecube inversions.</p>

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Southeast Alaska Sperm Whale Avoidance Project (SEASWAP): a successful collaboration among scientists and industry to study depredation in Alaskan waters

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsv090 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1598-1609 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Janice Straley ◽

Victoria O'Connell ◽

Joe Liddle ◽

Aaron Thode ◽

Lauren Wild ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Whale ◽

Gulf Of Alaska ◽

Global Studies ◽

Sperm Whales ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Southeast Alaska ◽

Vessel Area ◽

Stock Assessments ◽

Presence And Absence ◽

Successful Collaboration

Abstract In Alaskan waters, depredation on sablefish longline gear by sperm whales increases harvesting cost, negatively biases stock assessments, and presents a risk of entanglement for whales. The Southeast Alaska Sperm Whale Avoidance Project (SEASWAP), a collaborative effort involving industry, scientists, and managers, since 2003 has undertaken research to evaluate depredation with a goal of recommending measures to reduce interactions. Prior to 2003, little was known about sperm whale distribution and behaviour in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Although fishers were reporting increasing interactions, the level of depredation varied with no apparent predictor of occurrence across vessels. Between 2003 and 2007, fishers were provided with fishery logbooks and recorded information on whale behaviour, whale presence and absence, during the set, soak, and haul for 319 sets in the GOA. Data were evaluated for a vessel, area, and seasonal (month) effect in the presence and absence of sperm whales. Using catch per unit effort (cpue) as a metric, in kg/100 hooks, results indicated that depredation depended on both the vessel and the area. More whales associated with vessels from April to August. Sperm whales were also likely to be present when cpue was high, revealing that whales and fishers both knew the most productive fishing areas, but confounding the use of cpue as a metric for depredation. Using a Bayesian mark-recapture analysis and the sightings histories of photo-identified whales, an estimated Nˆ=135 (95% CI 124, 153) sperm whales were associating with vessels in 2014. A spatial model was fitted to 319 longline sets and quantified a 3% loss in cpue, comparable to other global studies on sperm whale depredation. Through all phases of SEASWAP, our understanding of depredation has gained significantly. This successful collaboration should be considered as a model to create partnerships and build collaborations between researchers and fisherpeople encountering marine mammal interactions with fishing gear.

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Rapid Climatic Signal Propagation from Source to Sink in a Southern California Sediment‐Routing System

The Journal of Geology ◽

10.1086/651539 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 247-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Jacob A. Covault ◽

Brian W. Romans ◽

Andrea Fildani ◽

Mary McGann ◽

Stephan A. Graham

Keyword(s):

Southern California ◽

Signal Propagation ◽

Sediment Routing ◽

Climatic Signal ◽

Source To Sink

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Population structure of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) from Northern California to Alaska using single nucleotide polymorphisms from direct amplicon sequencing

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2020-0200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 78-89

Author(s):

Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽

John Candy ◽

Kayla Mohns ◽

Olivia Cornies ◽

Kim Jonsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Alaska ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Fraser River ◽

Northern California ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Southeast Alaska ◽

Southern Us ◽

Mixed Stock ◽

Future Work

Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), a culturally and ecologically important anadromous smelt (Family Osmeridae), ranges from Northern California to the southeast Bering Sea. In recent decades, some populations have experienced declines. Here we use a contig-level genome assembly combined with previously published restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq)-derived markers to construct an amplicon panel for eulachon. Using this panel, we develop a filtered genetic baseline of 521 variant loci genotyped in 1989 individuals from 14 populations ranging from Northern California through central Alaska. Consistent with prior genetic studies, the strongest separation occurs among three main regions: from Northern California up to and including the Fraser River; north of the Fraser River to southeast Alaska; and within the Gulf of Alaska. Separating the Fraser River from southern US populations and refining additional substructure within the central coast may be possible in mixed-stock analysis; this will be addressed in future work. The amplicon panel outperformed the previous microsatellite panel and thus will be used in future mixed-stock analyses of eulachon to provide new insights for management and conservation of eulachon.

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GLORIA investigation of the Exclusive Economic Zone in the Gulf of Alaska and off southeast Alaska; M/V Farnella Cruise F7-89-GA, June 14-July 13, 1989

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr92317 ◽

1992 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Terry R. Bruns ◽

A.J. Stevenson ◽

M.R. Dobson

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Alaska ◽

Exclusive Economic Zone ◽

Southeast Alaska ◽

Economic Zone

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A Source to Sink Approach to the North Sea Fan Pleistocene Glacial Sediments

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12600 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aurora Machado Garcia ◽

Ivar Midtkandal ◽

Benjamin Bellwald ◽

Ingrid Margareta Anell

Keyword(s):

Sediment Transport ◽

North Sea ◽

Signal Propagation ◽

Sedimentation Rates ◽

The North ◽

Sediment Routing ◽

Source To Sink ◽

Essential Components ◽

The North Sea ◽

Sea Fan

<p>Trough mouth fans are large depocentres forming the ultimate sinks in glacial source-to-sink systems. Their architecture, sedimentological aspects (origin and processes) and their role as paleoclimatic archives are essential components in improving our understanding of Pleistocene and ongoing climate changes. For many years, these depocentres were thought to be dominated by debris flows accumulated in front of ice streams located at the shelf break. However, recent studies have shown that meltwater plays a major role in bringing sediment to the most distal parts of these fans, especially in lower latitudes. The North Sea Trough Mouth Fan encompasses ~110,000&#8201;km<sup>2 </sup>with water depths of up to 3500 m. It has received sediments throughout the Quaternary, with increased sedimentation rates in the last 1.1 Ma when the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream was active. Recent insight of the fan shows that meltwater turbidites play a major role in sediment delivery to the continental slope and deep-sea basin. The results could entail distinct morphologies for mid-latitude and high-latitude fans. As a result of glacial erosion and the absence of clear imprints of ice sheets on the paleo-shelves, studying trough mouth fan deposits becomes paramount in understanding glacial-interglacial cycles. This project will assess the source-to-sink parameters of the last glaciation (Weichselian) at the North Sea Fan, elucidating the dominant marine and terrestrial processes that led to the studied sedimentary sequences. High-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data, core, volumetric and numerical modeling data will be assimilated to establish a source-to-sink model for the target interval. These results will contribute to the knowledge of how glaciations affect surface mass redistribution, directly affecting the landscape dynamics and sediment routing from Fennoscandia via the North Sea to the slopes and deep basin. Sediment production will be evaluated, assessing whether it increases during the glaciation or if observed higher sedimentation rates are a result of enhanced sediment transport. This project is a part of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks &#8220;S2S &#8211; Future: Signal propagation in source to sink for the future of the Earth resources and energy&#8221; and will further advance how trough mouth flans are highly dynamic areas where sediment transport, dispersal, remobilization and deposition take place, and serve as excellent proxies to the dynamics of glacial pulses in the hinterland.</p>

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A new way to predict sediment production and deposition: integrated Source to Sink maps at pluri-basins-scale

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12133 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Ortiz ◽

Charlotte Fillon ◽

Eric Lasseur ◽

Justine Briais ◽

Francois Guillocheau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Research Work ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Source Tracking ◽

Reservoir Properties ◽

Surface Evolution ◽

Sediment Routing ◽

Source To Sink

<h3>The knowledge acquired on the exhumation of the Pyrenean chain and the evolution of the adjacent foreland basins makes this Alpine-type domain a good laboratory to better constrain a full sediment routing system in a compressive context and to apprehend the driving processes controlling the sediment routing in space and time. This integrated approach aims at enhancing our basin mastering approach as well as improving our predictions of reservoir properties for oil and gas exploration and storage.</h3><h3>This Source-to-Sink study seeks to understand the evolution of sedimentary routing from the Source (orogenic relief, craton, basin recycling) through the transfer zone (peripheral or internal to the basin) to the final sink (flexural basin, deep turbiditic margin). Within the framework of this new cartography, we propose to compile the available and newly acquired data from the S2S project (TOTAL, BRGM), over the entire peri-Pyrenean domain. We produced large scale quantitative and qualitative maps and wheeler diagrams to better observe and interpret the tectonic, climatic and surface processes impacts of the SRS behavior.</h3><h3>The maps include kinematic reconstructions of the Iberian-European-Mediterranean system, restored sequential cross-sections, history/magnitude of exhumation by thermochronology, source tracking, characterization of weathering and erosion surfaces, synthesis of the major structural accidents activity, paleogeographic reconstructions, analysis of sedimentary geometries and transport directions as well as the quantification of volumes preserved in the basins. Their interpretation is combined with a time representation along the routing system, linking classical basin wheeler diagram representation to source erosion and lithologies to obtain a continuous view on the sediment journey.</h3><h3>The time steps chosen for these 5 maps account for the different stages of tectono-sedimentary evolution of the peri-Pyrenean system at the early-orogenic, syn-orogenic and post-orogenic stages. The compilations carried out compare exhumed domains and sedimentation zones in terms of fluxes and volumes and make it possible to map the routing systems and discuss the drivers for the surface evolution during the construction/destruction cycle of an orogen.</h3><h3>&#160;</h3><h3>Research work financed and carried out as part of the BRGM-TOTAL Source-to-Sink program</h3><p>&#160;</p>

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