Regulating an Illegal Market

2022 ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Luana Motta ◽  
Janaina Maldonado ◽  
Juliana Alcântara
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Market

scholarly journals Illegal dogfighting: sport or crime?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Siegel ◽  
Daan van Uhm
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Dog Fighting ◽  
Online Methods

AbstractIn recent years there is increasing public attention for dog fighting in Europe. This article focuses on this phenomenon in the Netherlands: its organisation, various actors, modus operandi and possible involvement of organized crime. This qualitative research is based on semi-structured interviews, analysis of police files, observations and online methods. As the result of criminalisation, dogfighting in the Netherlands went underground, creating an illegal market and a sub-culture of dogmen and dogwomen involved. Reputation, status and trust are among the most prominent features of this sub-culture, which is manifested in their analysed communications.

scholarly journals A case study on the public knowledge and awareness of the Philippine Pangolin Manis culionensis (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 14484-14489
Author(s):  
Frances Mae Tenorio ◽  
Joselito Baril
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Public ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Degree

Pangolins are poorly known species despite their high demand in the illegal international trade.  This study has been conducted to analyze the awareness of Filipinos towards the endemic Philippine Pangolin Manis culionensis and how much they would be willing to contribute to its conservation.  The respondents were selected from the social media reach of the researchers.  The results showed that most of the respondents know about the pangolin from mass media such as news from television.  Social media is also a factor in their awareness of the animal.  They unanimously agreed that pangolins are important ecologically rather than its medicinal value in the illegal market trade.  Overall, the respondents showed a high degree of knowledge of pangolins and have favorable attitudes towards its conservation.

Chemometric Approach to a Rapid Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Complex Heroin-Based Mixtures

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282096971
Author(s):  
Nataša Radosavljević Stevanović ◽  
Milena Jovanović ◽  
Federico Marini ◽  
Slavica Ražić
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Ft Ir

Heroin is one of the most frequently seized drugs in Southeastern Europe. Due to the position in the Balkan route, the Republic of Serbia keeps important role in suppression of the trafficking of heroin for domestic and foreign illegal market. This research is aimed to provide a good scientific approach in the field of seized heroin analysis. Two different forms of heroin are present in the illegal market, mostly in mixtures with typical “cutting” agents: caffeine, paracetamol, and sugars. It was observed that the quantity of pure heroin in seized samples slightly increases from year to year. The aim of this study was to produce a reliable and fast procedure for classification of illicit heroin samples and determination of the concentration range of heroin in the samples. For that purpose, the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) technique was used and combined with such chemometric methods as principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and partial least squares. Principal component analysis (PCA) as an unsupervised model was used for exploratory purposes to identify trends, similarities, and differences between samples by reducing the dimensionality of the data. The cluster classification of examined samples turned out to be extremely useful to evaluate the possibilities of the ATR FT-IR technique to classify the samples appropriately into the patterns, the constituted clusters. Additionally, partial least square was the suitable method for the purpose of determination of the heroin hydrochloride concentration range in examined samples. It is proved that the joined application of spectroscopy and chemometrics can be extremely convenient and useful for forensic and drugs control laboratories.

scholarly journals Does online anonymity boost illegal market trading?

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Online Anonymity ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Drug Sellers

Anonymity allows the online trade in illegal products and services on cryptomarkets to flourish in spite of being enacted in a public location. Bolstered by the extensive media coverage of the cryptomarket trade in drugs, fraud and weapons, these platforms may function as a kind of criminal ‘gateway’, and in so doing facilitate – or indeed amplify – criminality. I argue, however, that researchers must establish – not assume – that the criminality facilitated by online anonymity will exclusively and uniformly produce more harmful outcomes. I consider here two possibilities in connection to the cryptomarket trade in illegal drugs: reduced drug market violence and reduced drug harms to users. Whether these potential ‘benefits’ are viewed as valuable will vary and depend substantially on the perspective and interests of the observer, including drug sellers, drug buyers, law enforcement officials, and academic researchers.

Exploring the Structure of the Illegal Market for Cannabis

De Economist ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Wilkins ◽  
Paul Sweetsur
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Market

scholarly journals Aves silvestres como mascotas en la región central de Cuba: Elementos para una estrategia de mitigación

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Yarelys Ferrer-Sánchez ◽  
Fernando Abasolo-Pacheco ◽  
Alexis H. Plasencia-Vázquez ◽  
Idael Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Passerina Cyanea ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Bird Richness ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Random Survey

The island of Cuba has the greatest diversity of birds in the Caribbean, and at the same time, a large number of endangered species. Illegal trade is one of major threats in Neotropical islands, because birds are captured for domestic and international illegal market. This study was undertaken with the aim to characterize the domestic market, in which captive wild birds are used as pets in the central region of Cuba. For this, a census and random survey to identify, and describe wild bird richness and abundance in 10 localities of urban and rural environments, was undertaken from August to November 2014, and from June to October 2015. Our results detected that at least 24 species and 973 individuals from six orders and 11 families were captive. The best represented order was Passeriformes (13 species), followed by Accipitriformes (four species). The best-represented families were Thraupidae (3.3 ± 0.33) and Cardinalidae (2.6 ± 0.45). Besides, the localities of Patria (17), Morón (13) and Bolivia (13) in the urban area had the highest richness. The richness of residents (5.80 ± 0.68) was higher than the endemics (1.70 ± 0.30) and migrants (2.70 ± 0.52), while the richness of endemics (2.5 ± 0.29) and residents (7.75 ± 0.63) was higher in urban areas. There were more captive species with Least Concern category (6.20 ± 1.02), but the Endangered category predominated in rural areas (12.5 %). The most common species were Passerina cyanea, Melopyrrha nigra, Tiaris olivaceus and Passerina ciris. A total of 46 % of the species were classified with a tendency to decrease, 33.3 % to increase and 20.8 % to stability. The abundance of species with a tendency to decrease (63.4 ± 22.13) was higher than those that tend to stability (14.8 ± 9.9). The actual traffic will lead to species extinction, mainly parrots and raptors, threatening several ecological services. Illegal trade should be addressed as an environmental, economic and social problem. Strategy for controlling this unsustainable trade was proposed.

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