The Classic Methods to Measure Oxidative Damage: Lipid Peroxides, Thiobarbituric-Acid Reactive Substances, and Protein Carbonyls

This study aims to explore the role of reactive oxygen radicals in the genesis of diabetic cataract. Lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in senile ( n = 30) and diabetic ( n = 14) cataractous lenses, were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by a method modified from Satoh and Yagi, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured according to Beutler. Lens LPO levels (mean, SD; nmol TBARS/g protein) were significantly higher in diabetics (107·54, 18·12) than senile cataractous subjects (53·54, 15·48) ( P < 0·0001). Lens GSH levels (mean, SD; nmol/g protein) showed no significant difference between diabetics (4·29, 2·05) and senile cataractous subjects (4·68, 3·12). These results suggest that free radical damage is more effective in the genesis of diabetic cataract than in senile cataract.

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Buprenorphine and Methadone as Opioid Maintenance Treatments for Heroin-Addicted Patients Induce Oxidative Stress in Blood

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/9417048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christonikos Leventelis ◽

Nikolaos Goutzourelas ◽

Aikaterini Kortsinidou ◽

Ypatios Spanidis ◽

Georgia Toulia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Redox Status ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Beneficial Action ◽

The Impact

Buprenorphine and methadone are two substances widely used in the substitution treatment of patients who are addicted to opioids. Although it is known that they partly act efficiently towards this direction, there is no evidence regarding their effects on the redox status of patients, a mechanism that could potentially improve their action. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine the impact of buprenorphine and methadone, which are administered as substitutes to heroin-dependent patients on specific redox biomarkers in the blood. From the results obtained, both the buprenorphine (n=21) and the methadone (n=21) groups exhibited oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defence. This was evident by the decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration and catalase activity in erythrocytes and the increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the plasma, while there was no significant alteration of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the healthy individuals (n=29). Furthermore, methadone revealed more severe oxidant action compared to buprenorphine. Based on relevant studies, the tested substitutes mitigate the detrimental effects of heroin on patient redox status; still it appears that they need to be boosted. Therefore, concomitant antioxidant administration could potentially enhance their beneficial action, and most probably, buprenorphine that did not induce oxidative stress in such a severe mode as methadone, on the regulation of blood redox status.

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Effect of the Cymbopogon citratus Infusion on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme and on the Redox Profile in Farmers’ Erythrocytes

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n9p68 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Natacha Cossettin Mori ◽

Roberta Cattaneo Horn ◽

Caroline Oliveira ◽

Gabriela Tassotti Gelatti ◽

Jonathas Zeni Klafke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Agricultural Modernization ◽

Rural Workers ◽

Modernization Process ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme

Agrochemicals were more prominent in 1960, marked due to the agricultural modernization process. As a result of this widespread use for food production, there was also an increase in cases of intoxication caused by these agents which made it necessary to search for alternative therapies for agricultural workers. Thus, considering that phytochemical characterization revealed the presence of antioxidants in Cymbopogon citratus extract, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this plant infusion on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and on the redox response in farmers’ erythrocytes. These erytrocytes were processed and subjected to treatment with the Cymbopogon citratus infusion (5, 10, 25 and 50 g/L). In these samples the following were determined: the AChE enzyme activity, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (CPs) and reduced glutathione (GSH). In general, it was discovered that the inhibition of AChE activity is negative regarding to the increase of protein carbonyl levels and positive regarding the GSH levels. In addition, Cymbopogon citratus infusions could not even reverse this inhibition or the high levels of TBARS and CPs. On the other hand, levels of GSH were increased by infusions demonstrating the increased antioxidant activity in rural workers’ erythrocytes.

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Hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction in rat aging

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00492.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (2) ◽

pp. R501-R509 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Ana Navarro ◽

José M. López-Cepero ◽

Manuel J. Bández ◽

María-Jesús Sánchez-Pino ◽

Carmen Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Complex Iv ◽

Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage ◽

Oxide Synthase

Hippocampus mitochondrial dysfunction with impaired electron transfer and increased oxidative damage was observed upon rat aging. Hippocampal mitochondria of aged (12 mo) and senescent (20 mo) rats showed, compared with young (4 mo) rats, marked decreases in the rate of state 3 respiration with NAD-dependent substrates (32–51%) and in the activities of mitochondrial complexes I (57–73%) and IV (33–54%). The activity of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase was also decreased, 53–66%, with age. These losses in enzymatic activity were more marked in the hippocampus than in brain cortex or in whole brain. The histochemical assay of mitochondrial complex IV in the hippocampus showed decreased staining upon aging. Oxidative damage, determined as the mitochondrial content of thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls, increased in aged and senescent hippocampus (66–74% in TBARS and 48–96% in carbonyls). A significant statistical correlation was observed between mitochondrial oxidative damage and enzymatic activity. Mitochondrial dysfunction with shortage of energy supply is considered a likely cause of dysfunction in aged hippocampus.

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ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE RESPONSE TO APHID-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. “Nam Dan”

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/0866-708x/54/6/7952 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 719 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tran Ngoc Toan ◽

Tran Thi Van Thanh Huyen ◽

Mai Van Chung

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Aphid Feeding

Infestation of cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) induced oxidative stress in leaves of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. “Nam Dan”) with a burst in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) products such as superoxide anion radical (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) recorded around 24 hours after aphid feeding. An increase in content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in lipid peroxidation and a defined percentage of injury in aphid-infested leaves were resulted from the cellular oxidative damage. The enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) in leaves of soybean “Nam Dan” functions as the antioxidative response that controlled both ROS-generation to be enough levels to play as defensive element and ROS-detoxifying to reduce aphid-induced oxidative damage. The enhancement of SOD and CAT also can improve the tolerance of soybean “Nam Dan” to impact from A. craccivora.

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Determination of Antioxidant Components and Activity of Tamarix ramosissima Comparative with Vaccinium myrtillus on Streptozotocin-diabetic Mice

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.7.6432 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1860-1865

Author(s):

Luciana Teodora Rotaru ◽

Renata Maria Varut ◽

Mihai Banicioiu Covei ◽

Irina Iuliana Costache ◽

Marius Novac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxides ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽

Tamarix Ramosissima ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Total Polyphenol

Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae) is a small tree that grows spontaneously in Europe and Asia, being considered an invasive species in geographical areas with warm climates. The chemical composition is partially elucidated, being empirically used for antiinflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and antioxidant effect. Our study aimed to evaluate the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of vegetal extracts and to test in vivo antioxidant therapeutic effect of it, comparative with Vaccinium myrtillus, using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After five weeks the animals were sacrificed and we determined erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and level of lipid peroxides as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Antioxidant enzymes had highest activities in mice treated with T. ramosissima extract and the level of lipid peroxides was the lowest. The tested extract had higher content of polyphenols comparative with V. myrtillus. Our results sustain the efficiency of T. ramosissima extracts on normalizing the effects of oxidative stress in diabetes.

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Η αντιοξειδωτική προετοιμασία πριν από μείζονες ηπατεκτομές

10.12681/eadd/49389 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Δουκάκης Παραδέλλης

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

Σκοπός: Σκοπός του πειράματος είναι να εκτιμηθεί κατά πόσον η αντιοξειδωτική προετοιμασία με δεφεροξαμίνη μπορεί να ελαττώσει τον τραυματισμό της ισχαιμίας/επαναιμάτωσης του ήπατος που σχετίζεται με εκτεταμένη ηπατεκτομή σε χοίρους.Μέθοδοι: Δεκαοκτώ χοίροι χωρίστηκαν τυχαία σε ομάδες: Δεφεροξαμίνης (DFO) και Χειρουργείου μόνο (SO). Οι χοίροι υποβλήθηκαν σε λαπαροτομία, προσωρινό αποκλεισμό των δεξιών και μέσων ηπατικών αγγείων και ηπατικού πόρου και ακολούθως σε αριστερή ηπατεκτομή. Η ομάδα DFO έλαβε IV δεφεροξαμίνη πριν από την πρόκληση ισχαιμίας του ήπατος. Η παρακολούθηση πραγματοποιήθηκε για 6 ώρες και τα δείγματα (Protein carbonyls (PC), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Ιστολογία, ALT, AST, Lactic acid και WBC) συλλέχθηκαν στα 0, 60 και 360 λεπτά.Αποτελέσματα: Οι αντιοξειδωτικοί δείκτες PC και TBARS είχαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερη συγκέντρωση και υψηλότερα ποσοστά μείωσης στον ορό και τον ηπατικό ιστό της ομάδας DFO. Η ιστολογική εξέταση του ήπατος έδειξε λιγότερη φλεγμονή και νέκρωση στην ομάδα DFO. Τα ηπατικά ένζυμα και οι μετρήσεις γαλακτικού οξέος έδειξαν υψηλότερο ρυθμό μείωσης στην ομάδα DFO στο τέλος του πειράματος.Συμπεράσματα: Αυτή η πειραματική μελέτη τεκμηριώνει ένα πρώιμο προστατευτικό αποτέλεσμα της χορήγησης δεφεροξαμίνης σε μείζονες ηπατεκτομές έναντι της βλάβης ισχαιμίας/επαναιμάτωσης στο ήπαρ.

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Protective effect of chokeberry on chemical-induced oxidative stress in rat

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110371697 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 199-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Małgorzata Kujawska ◽

Ewa Ignatowicz ◽

Małgorzata Ewertowska ◽

Jan Oszmiański ◽

Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Chokeberry Juice

Male Wistar rats were treated with chokeberry juice per os, 10 mL/kg/day, for 28 days and a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), 150 mg/kg, or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 2 ml/kg. The level of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), was increased in animals dosed with NDEA and CCl4. Juice pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in TBARS by 53% and 92%, respectively. In rats administered juice alone, 50% decrease in TBARS was noted. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes were decreased in the liver of rats administered either toxicant by 29%—52% as compared to controls. Juice pretreatment resulted in an increase in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase by 117%, 56% and 44%, respectively, only in rats challenged with NDEA. Although no response of plasma protein carbonyls to both toxicants was observed, the pretreatment with juice caused a 55% decrease of this parameter in CCl4—dosed rats. DNA damage in blood leukocytes induced by either toxicant was slightly reduced, by 24%, in the rats pretreated with juice and administered NDEA. The results of the study showed that pretreatment with chokeberry juice confers some protection against chemical-induced oxidative stress.

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Carbohydrate–energy restriction may protect the rat brain against oxidative damage and improve physical performance

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2002749 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. L. de Oliveira ◽

D. B. Diniz ◽

J. Amaya-Farfan

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

The Other ◽

Exhaustive Exercise ◽

Protein Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Brain

Chronic energy restriction, α-tocopherol supplementation and their interaction with exhaustive exercise were investigated. Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats (n 6×10) were fed either a control (C), a 30 % carbohydrate-energy-restricted control (R) or an α-tocopherol-supplemented (S) diet for 5 months. The animals in each diet were divided into exercised (E) and non-exercised (NE) groups. Before killing, the exercised rats were required to run to exhaustion (39 (SE 6), 69 (se 11) and 18 (se 2) min for the C, R and S groups, respectively). Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; TBARS), protein damage (reactive carbonyls) and α-tocopherol were determined in gastrocnemius, liver, brain an/r plasma. There was no difference in lipid peroxidation between the R and C groups, but in liver and muscle peroxidation appeared significantly lower in the S than the other two diets. TBARS in the brain were similar in all groups. On the other hand, reactive carbonyls showed that both the R and S diets reduced protein damage in the brain, while exhaustive exercise increased it. For liver and muscle, however, reactive carbonyl levels were similar in all groups. α-Tocopherol supplementation increased the vitamin concentrations in liver, muscle and plasma, but exercise decreased them in plasma and brain. Carbohydrate-energy restriction increased (P=0·0025) resistance to exhaustive exercise considerably without depleting stores of α-tocopherol or exacerbating oxidative damage in monitored tissues. It is concluded that while exhaustive exercise promotes a tissue-specific oxidative damage detectable only in brain proteins, both experimental diets tended to ameliorate this condition.

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Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the 1-cys peroxiredoxin gene to mouse lung protects against hyperoxic injury

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00288.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (6) ◽

pp. L1188-L1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Yan Wang ◽

Yefim Manevich ◽

Sheldon I. Feinstein ◽

Aron B. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Mouse Lung ◽

Lacz Gene ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Lower Lung ◽

Mouse Lungs

1-Cys peroxiredoxin (1-cysPrx) is a novel antioxidant enzyme that has been shown to reduce a broad spectrum of peroxides including phospholipid hydroperoxides. We tested the hypothesis that adenovirus-mediated transfer of the 1-cysPrx gene can protect lungs of mice from oxidant injury. Mice infected with AdLacZ/AdNull were used as a control (AdCon). X-galactosidase staining revealed widespread expression of the LacZ gene in airways and lung alveoli. Compared with AdCon, 1-cysPrx expression was increased about twofold at 3 days after adenovirus infection. Mice with increased Prx expression showed less loss of body weight and longer survival during exposure to 100% O2 or to 85% O2 for 4 days followed by 100% O2. At 72 h of 100% O2 exposure, AdPrx infection protected mouse lungs from injury as indicated by less pleural effusion, lower lung wet/dry weight, less protein and fewer nucleated cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lower content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyls in lung homogenate. These findings show that increased expression of 1-cysPrx through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer protects mouse lungs from hyperoxic injury and delays death.

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