Silicon Channeled Spectropolarimeter for On‐Chip Single‐Detector Stokes Spectroscopy

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

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Layout optimisation for yield enhancement in on-chip-VLSI/WSI parallel processing

IEE Proceedings E Computers and Digital Techniques ◽

10.1049/ip-e.1992.0004 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

P. Mazumder

Keyword(s):

Parallel Processing ◽

Yield Enhancement ◽

On Chip

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A Simple and Inexpensive Clinical Whole Body Counter

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1624972 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 15 (05) ◽

pp. 248-253

Author(s):

A. K. Basu ◽

S. K. Guha ◽

B. N. Tandon ◽

M. M. Gupta ◽

M. ML. Rehani

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Body Counter ◽

Optimum Parameters ◽

Whole Body Counter ◽

Single Detector ◽

Background Index ◽

Iodide Crystal

SummaryThe conventional radioisotope scanner has been used as a whole body counter. The background index of the system is 10.9 counts per minute per ml of sodium iodide crystal. The sensitivity and derived sensitivity parameters have been evaluated and found to be suitable for clinical studies. The optimum parameters for a single detector at two positions above the lying subject have been obtained. It has been found that for the case of 131I measurement it is possible to assay a source located at any point in the body with coefficient of variation less than 5%. To add to the versatility, a fixed geometry for in-vitro counting of large samples has been obtained. The retention values obtained by the whole body counter have been found to correlate with those obtained by in-vitro assay of urine and stool after intravenous administration of 51Cr-albumin.

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Immunszintigraphie mit 111ln-DTPA-markierten monoklonalen Antikörpern: Vergleich zwischen ECT und planarer Szintigraphie

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1628900 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (06) ◽

pp. 258-262

Author(s):

J. Happi ◽

R. P. Baum ◽

J. Frohn ◽

B. Weimer ◽

A. Halbsguth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Planar Imaging ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Intraindividual Comparison ◽

Single Detector ◽

Increased Sensitivity

The present study was done in order to examine if the use of111ln-DTPA- labeled MAb fragments in place of 131l-labeled MAb fragments increases the sensitivity of tomographic immunoscintigraphy to reach the level of that of planar imaging techniques. In 11 patients with various primary tumors, local recurrences or metastases [colorectal carcinoma (n = 7), ovarian carcinoma (n = 2), papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1), undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung (n = 1)], immunoscintigraphy (IS) was carried out using 111ln-DTPA- labeled F(ab’)2 fragments of various MAbs (anti-CEA, OC 125, anti-hTG) and planar and tomographic imaging were compared intraindividually. By conventional diagnostic procedures, the presence of a tumor mass was confirmed (transmission computer tomography, ultrasound) or verified (131l whole-body scintigraphy, histology) in all cases. Immunoscintigraphy was positive in 9 out of 11 cases by ECT and in 10 out of 11 cases by planar imaging. When using 111 In-labeled MAb fragments, intraindividual comparison of ECT and planar imaging resulted in a similar sensitivity. The increased sensitivity of ECT using this tracer in contrast to 131l-labeled MAb fragments may be attributed to the fact that the physical properties of111 In are much more suitable for the gamma cameras most commonly used (single detector, 3/8” crystal); using 111 In-labeled MAb fragments, count rates sufficient for ECT can be obtained within a reasonable acquisition time. This allows to combine IS with the advantages of ECT regarding tumour localization and prevention of artefacts due to superposition of background.

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