The combined influence of beta‐amyloid and vascular risk on prospective brain atrophy in clinically normal individuals

Abstract Tritiated thymidine incorporation in a whole blood lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and lymphocyte colony formation (CFU-L) from whole blood were measured following in vitro x-irradiation. Lymphocytes from patients with myelodysplastic disorders, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and patients at increased risk for leukemia because of their primary disease and/or cytotoxic therapy were found to be significantly more sensitive to in vitro x-irradiation than lymphocytes from clinically normal individuals. Cloning efficiencies and mitogenic responsiveness of patient lymphocytes were significantly depressed as compared to normal values. Using monoclonal antibodies to specific surface markers, quantitative abnormalities in lymphocytic subpopulations from myelodysplastic patients also were observed. These findings are suggestive of a defect at the T-cell level that may directly or indirectly affect hematopoiesis.

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Interactive Associations of Vascular Risk and β-Amyloid Burden With Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Elderly Individuals

JAMA Neurology ◽

10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Jennifer S. Rabin ◽

Aaron P. Schultz ◽

Trey Hedden ◽

Anand Viswanathan ◽

Gad A. Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Amyloid Burden ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Β Amyloid

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Immunohistochemistry of the Human Adrenal CYP11B2 in Normal Individuals and in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1139-2079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (06) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez ◽

Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez ◽

Koshiro Nishimoto

Keyword(s):

Somatic Mutations ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Normal People ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Continuous Band ◽

Aldosterone Production ◽

Heterogeneous Expression ◽

Normal Humans ◽

Aldosterone Producing Adenoma

AbstractThe CYP11B2 enzyme is the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of aldosterone. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CYP11B2 defines cells of the adrenal ZG that synthesize aldosterone. CYP11B2 expression is normally stimulated by angiotensin II, but becomes autonomous in primary hyperaldosteronism, in most cases driven by recently discovered somatic mutations of ion channels or pumps. Cells expressing CYP11B2 in young normal humans form a continuous band beneath the adrenal capsule; in older individuals they form discrete clusters, aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC), surrounded by non-aldosterone producing cells in the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Aldosterone-producing adenomas may exhibit a uniform or heterogeneous expression of CYP11B2. APCC frequently persist in the adrenal with an aldosterone-producing adenoma suggesting autonomous CYP11B2 expression in these cells as well. This was confirmed by finding known mutations that drive aldosterone production in adenomas in the APCC of clinically normal people. Unilateral aldosteronism may also be due to multiple CYP11B2-expressing nodules of various sizes or a continuous band of hyperplastic ZG cells expressing CYP11B2. Use of CYP11B2 antibodies to identify areas for sequencing has greatly facilitated the detection of aldosterone-driving mutations.

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Midlife alcohol consumption and longitudinal brain atrophy: the PREVENT-Dementia study

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-020-10000-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 267 (11) ◽

pp. 3282-3286

Author(s):

Michael J. Firbank ◽

John T. O’Brien ◽

Karen Ritchie ◽

Katie Wells ◽

Guy Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Volume Change ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Total Brain ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Aged Subjects ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background and aims Consensus is lacking on whether light to moderate consumption of alcohol compared to abstinence is neuroprotective. In this study, we investigated the relationship between self-reported alcohol use and brain volume change over 2 years in middle-aged subjects. Methods A sample of 162 subjects (aged 40–59 at baseline) from the PREVENT-Dementia programme underwent MRI scans on two separate occasions (mean interval 734 days; SD 42 days). We measured longitudinal rates of brain atrophy using the FSL Siena toolbox, and change in hippocampal volume from segmentation in SPM. Results Controlling for age and sex, there were no significant associations of either total brain, ventricular, or hippocampal volume change with alcohol consumption. Adjusting for lifestyle, demographic and vascular risk factors did not alter this. Conclusions We did not find any evidence of influence of alcohol consumption on changes in brain volume over a 2-year period in 40–60-year-olds.

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