Using Optical Coherence Tomography to Reveal the Hidden History of The Landsdowne Virgin of the Yarnwinder
 by Leonardo da Vinci and Studio

Purpose: To investigate the natural history of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) in eyes with good visual function using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Sixty-two eyes of 58 patients with idiopathic ERM, visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and no significant metamorphopsia were included. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), membrane configuration, and ellipsoid zone signal data over 24 months were retrospectively analyzed. Based on OCT findings, ERM configurations were categorized as global attachment (GA), partial attachment (PA), pseudohole, and vitreomacular traction (VMT). Results: The mean BCVA and CMT did not change significantly between baseline and 24 months. GA, PA, pseudohole, and VMT types were observed in 33, 19, 9, and 1 eye at baseline, and in 20, 22, 10, and 1 eye at 24 months, respectively. A membrane configuration change was noted in 24 eyes (38.7%) during follow-up, and the distribution shifted from GA to the other types (p < 0.001). Six eyes had visual loss due to membrane progression, and 4 eyes had spontaneous membrane separation. Of the 10 eyes with progression or separation, 6 were of the PA type. Conclusions: Although the BCVA remains stable over 2 years in most idiopathic ERM eyes with good visual function at baseline, the membrane configuration may change, affecting visual acuity. The GA type would be an early stage, and the PA type is prone to changes in visual acuity.

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“That Free Play of Human Affection”: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance

Nineteenth-Century Literature ◽

10.1525/ncl.2019.73.4.486 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 486-521

Author(s):

Thomas Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Da Vinci ◽

Free Play ◽

Leonardo Da Vinci ◽

Fundamental Freedom ◽

Secular Humanism ◽

Aesthetic Responses ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Fundamental Uncertainty ◽

Ethical Vision

Thomas Albrecht, “‘That Free Play of Human Affection’: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance” (pp. 486–521) This essay aims to refute received, persistent misconceptions of Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), and of aestheticism generally, as an asocial and amoral sensualism, and as a deliberate separating of art from human lives and the world. Contrary to these misconceptions, it finds a humanist ethical vision in The Renaissance, specifically in the essays Pater devotes to Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. Drawing on an established post-Enlightenment, post-Romantic tradition of Victorian secular humanism, Pater defines this vision in terms of human sympathies for the feelings and suffering of other persons. And he defines it in aesthetic terms, in terms of art’s unique capacity to depict human feelings and suffering, and thereby to arouse sympathies in the viewer. At the same time, the essay contends that Pater in The Renaissance also defines his ethical vision in a more unprecedented, radical way. Beyond the solicitation of human sympathies, he frames it in terms of a fundamental uncertainty and unpredictability, a fundamental freedom and singularity, of human ethical relationships and responses. For Pater, this uncertainty and freedom are the qualities that make an ethics genuinely ethical. Pater finds these qualities, and this kind of genuine ethics, epitomized in the unpredictability and freedom of human aesthetic responses, including his own, to art and beauty.

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Cohort profile: a collaborative multicentre study of retinal optical coherence tomography in 539 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (CROCTINO)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035397 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e035397

Author(s):

Svenja Specovius ◽

Hanna G Zimmermann ◽

Frederike Cosima Oertel ◽

Claudia Chien ◽

Charlotte Bereuter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽

Distinct Disease ◽

History Of ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Image Repository

PurposeOptical coherence tomography (OCT) captures retinal damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Previous studies investigating OCT in NMOSD have been limited by the rareness and heterogeneity of the disease. The goal of this study was to establish an image repository platform, which will facilitate neuroimaging studies in NMOSD. Here we summarise the profile of the Collaborative OCT in NMOSD repository as the initial effort in establishing this platform. This repository should prove invaluable for studies using OCT to investigate NMOSD.ParticipantsThe current cohort includes data from 539 patients with NMOSD and 114 healthy controls. These were collected at 22 participating centres from North and South America, Asia and Europe. The dataset consists of demographic details, diagnosis, antibody status, clinical disability, visual function, history of optic neuritis and other NMOSD defining attacks, and OCT source data from three different OCT devices.Findings to dateThe cohort informs similar demographic and clinical characteristics as those of previously published NMOSD cohorts. The image repository platform and centre network continue to be available for future prospective neuroimaging studies in NMOSD. For the conduct of the study, we have refined OCT image quality criteria and developed a cross-device intraretinal segmentation pipeline.Future plansWe are pursuing several scientific projects based on the repository, such as analysing retinal layer thickness measurements, in this cohort in an attempt to identify differences between distinct disease phenotypes, demographics and ethnicities. The dataset will be available for further projects to interested, qualified parties, such as those using specialised image analysis or artificial intelligence applications.

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Ellipsoid layer restoration after Ozurdex® treatment in a patient with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672119883598 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 112067211988359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arnau Mora-Cantallops ◽

M Dolores Pérez ◽

Marcelino Revenga ◽

Julio Jose González-López

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Visual Acuity ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Dexamethasone Implant ◽

Slit Lamp ◽

Slit Lamp Examination ◽

Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant ◽

History Of ◽

Intravitreal Dexamethasone ◽

Consequent Improvement

An atypical case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy with a clear reappearance of the ellipsoid layer of the retina after Ozurdex® intravitreal implantation is presented. A 51-year-old woman reported a 3-week history of left eye photopsia. On slit-lamp examination, yellowish placoid lesions were found on her left eye fundus. Ancillary tests were performed. The patient was diagnosed as a left eye acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, and observational approach was decided. Later, the condition started to progress in an ampiginous manner and a decrease of visual acuity caused by an increase in number and size of the lesions was observed. As the disease was progressing with the conservative, observational approach, and the macula was menaced, an intravitreal dexamethasone implant was injected in the left eye with a consequent improvement of the visual acuity and lesion stabilization. The ellipsoid layer, unidentifiable inside the placoid lesions in previous optical coherence tomography tests, reappeared after the treatment. Intravitreal dexamethasone implants can be used to stabilize acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy lesions and help resolve the condition. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography can also be useful for monitoring these lesions, as the ellipsoid layer may reappear upon resolution.

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Ophthalmic Artery Occlusion From Injection of Heroin Into the Forehead

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126419854276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 260-262

Author(s):

Pimpiroon Ploysangam ◽

Faruk Koreishi ◽

Gareth M.C. Lema

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Severe Form ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Retinal Hemorrhages ◽

Disc Hemorrhage ◽

History Of

Purpose: To report a case of ophthalmic artery occlusion after injection of heroin into the forehead. Methods: Retrospective case report. Results: A 27-year-old patient with a history of intravenous heroin abuse presented with a left ophthalmic artery occlusion after attempting to inject heroin into a vein in her forehead. Exam was significant for diffuse retinal edema, disc edema, disc hemorrhage, and diffuse retinal hemorrhages. Findings were also noted in the widefield image, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography of the retina. Conclusions: This patient suffered from a severe form of talc retinopathy resulting in an ophthalmic artery occlusion after injecting heroin into her forehead. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of combined ophthalmic artery occlusion and talc retinopathy resulting from intentional injection into a superficial facial vein.

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Peripapillary and parafoveal vascular network assessment by optical coherence tomography angiography in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 789-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yongheng Huang ◽

Lei Zhou ◽

Jingzi ZhangBao ◽

Tongjia Cai ◽

Bei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Aquaporin 4 ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

History Of ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Aquaporin 4 Antibody

Background/aimsCurrent understanding of the alterations in the retinal vascular network in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) is limited. We aim to assess the peripapillary and parafoveal vessel density in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.MethodsA total of 55 aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients with or without a history of optic neuritis (ON) and 33 healthy controls underwent spectral domain OCT and OCT angiography. Clinical histories, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, visual functional system score (VFSS) and disease duration were collected.ResultsPeripapillary and parafoveal vessel density was significantly decreased in NMOSD eyes with or without a history of ON. The decrease in retinal vessel density could occur before ON and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) atrophy. Peripapillary vessel density correlated well with the spectral domain OCT measurements and VFSS in NMOSD eyes with a history of ON.ConclusionSubclinical primary retinal vasculopathy may occur in NMOSD prior to ON and RNFL atrophy. Peripapillary vessel density might be a sensitive predictor of visual outcomes in NMOSD patients with ON.

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From Illusion to Reality: A Brief History of Robotic Surgery

Surgical Innovation ◽

10.1177/1553350618771417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 291-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Marco Vito Marino ◽

Galyna Shabat ◽

Gaspare Gulotta ◽

Andrzej Lech Komorowski

Keyword(s):

Robotic Surgery ◽

Da Vinci ◽

Historical Review ◽

Leonardo Da Vinci ◽

Greek Mythology ◽

Surgical Robots ◽

History Of ◽

Critical Phases ◽

And Training ◽

Current Popularity

Purpose. Robotic surgery is currently employed for many surgical procedures, yielding interesting results. Methods. We performed an historical review of robots and robotic surgery evaluating some critical phases of its evolution, analyzing its impact on our life and the steps completed that gave the robotics its current popularity. Results. The origins of robotics can be traced back to Greek mythology. Different aspects of robotics have been explored by some of the greatest inventors like Leonardo da Vinci, Pierre Jaquet-Droz, and Wolfgang Von-Kempelen. Advances in many fields of science made possible the development of advanced surgical robots. Over 3000 da Vinci robotic platforms are installed worldwide, and more than 200 000 robotic procedures are performed every year. Conclusion. Despite some potential adverse events, robotic technology seems safe and feasible. It is strictly linked to our life, leading surgeons to a new concept of surgery and training.

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Recurrent Spontaneous Macular Hole Formation and Resolution in a Patient With Previous Vitrectomy

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126420965343 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 247412642096534

Author(s):

Nathalie Massamba ◽

Eric K. Chin ◽

David R.P. Almeida

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Macular Hole ◽

Spontaneous Closure ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vitreoretinal Interface ◽

Tomography Imaging ◽

History Of ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging ◽

Macular Hole Formation

Purpose: We report a case of recurrent macular hole (MH) formation and spontaneous closure in the absence of any vitreoretinal interface abnormality. Methods: A 49-year-old man presented for his annual ocular examination with no specific ocular complaints. He had a history of retinal detachment in the left eye, which was treated years prior with vitrectomy and scleral buckle. During a routine follow-up, the patient was discovered to have a full-thickness MH. Optical coherence tomography revealed the formation of an MH with spontaneous closure after 3 months without intervention. One month later, the MH recurred but once again closed spontaneously over 4 months. Results: The patient remained asymptomatic during the entire follow-up without any symptoms, vision changes, or therapeutic intervention. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first known case report of recurrent spontaneous opening and closure of an MH in the absence of any vitreoretinal interface abnormality, as revealed by macular optical coherence tomography imaging.

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