Influence of prepolymer reaction time in the fabrication of palm kernel oil polyol based shape memory polyurethane

The ever-growing concern for the safety of lives and the environment as well as the depletion in fossil fuels reserves across the globe has led to the keen interests of many researchers in the field of renewable energy. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the trans-esterification optimization process for biodiesel production from palm kernel using response surface methodology. The materials for the trans-esterification processes were palm kernel oil, Methanol and sodium hydroxide. The effects of reaction temperature (oC), catalyst concentration (wt%) and reaction time (min) on the yield were evaluated. The properties of the biodiesel produced showed that it met the ASTM standard for biodiesel. A quadratic polynomial model, Yield (%) = 78.60–3.12A–.62B + 0.00C -0.75AB – 3.50AC + 1.50BC + 2.82A2– 0.18B2 + 1.08C2, was developed that can be used to predict yield of biodiesel at any value of the different parameters investigated. The ANOVA for the model of the biodiesel yield obtained indicates that the models fit well in describing the relationship between the predictor (biodiesel yield) and the factors (methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction time). The optimal trans-esterification conditions were found to be 60°C for temperature, 60minutes for reaction time, 0.878w% of oil as Sodium hydroxide (catalyst) concentration and methanol/oil ratio of 1:6. At these optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was fond to be 89.32% The generated biodiesel had high cetane number, better engine ignitability and poses lesser pollution problems than petroleum diesel.

Download Full-text

Process Modelling and Optimization of Green Lube Oil Synthesis

Journal of Siberian Federal University Engineering & Technologies ◽

10.17516/1999-494x-0281 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1002-1017

Author(s):

Rasheed U. Owolabi ◽

Mohammed A. Usman ◽

Oribayo Oluwasola ◽

Ikuejawa T. Samuel

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Central Composite

Modeling and optimization of trans-esterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) to trimethylolpropone ester (TMP ester- a bio-lubricant) via palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME-a biodiesel) synthesis were investigated. The central composite design (CCD) component of the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted for the optimization of the process parameters, where temperature and weight ratio of PKOME to TMP were held constant at 130 °C and 3.9 : 1 respectively, to generate 20 experimental runs. Bio-lubricant yield was calculated for each experimental run. A quadratic-like model was generated that related the yield to the process parameters (Reaction time, Stirring Speed, and Catalyst concentration). The predicted and actual R2 value were 0.9856 and 0.9959 respectively, which indicate an excellent agreement between experimental and predicted bio-lubricant yield. The predicted maximum bio-lubricant yield was 98.11 % at reaction time of 99.9084 mins, stirring speed of 863.794 rpm, and catalyst concentration 0.84522 wt. %. The experimental value obtained under same conditions was 96.996 %. Physico-chemical analysis of the bio-lubricant synthesized at optimum conditions were found to be within the range of the ASTM standard for bio-lubricants

Download Full-text

WAX ESTERS PRODUCTION BY ALCOHOLYSIS OF PALM OIL FRACTIONS

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21591 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 356-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽

Dedy Suhendra

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Reaction System ◽

Wax Esters ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Wax Ester ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Oil Fractions

The lipase synthesis of wax esters using palm oil fractions (palm oil and palm kernel oil) and long chain alcohol as substrates was carried out. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters using Lipozyme. Five parameters such as reaction time, temperature, amount of enzyme, molar ratio of substrates and various organic solvents of the reaction system were investigated. The optimum yields were achieved at the reaction temperature of 40 - 50 °C for palm oil (PO) and 40 °C for palm kernel oil (PKO) alcoholysis, a reaction time of 5 - 7 h for PO and 7 - 10 h for PKO alcoholysis, 0.15 g of enzyme for both PO and PKO alcoholysis, molar ratio at 3:1 (alcohol: PO or PKO), and the best solvent for the reactions was hexane. Percentage yields of esters obtained at these optimum reaction conditions was 83% refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil alkoholysis and 87% for RBD palm kernel oil alcoholysis respectively Keywords: palm oil, palm kernel oil, enzymatic, alcoholysis, wax ester, oleyl alcohol

Download Full-text

The Effect of Polyol Types and Molecular Weight on the Shape Memory Properties of Palm Kernel Oil – based Polyurethane

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 898-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N.H. Trinh ◽

N.A. Rasli ◽

M. Jaafar ◽

E.S. Ali ◽

N.M. Zain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Shape Memory Properties

Download Full-text

Kinetics Studies of Epoxidation and Oxirane Cleavage-Epoxidized Palm Kernel Oil

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413666200117091235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 232-240

Author(s):

Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽

Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin ◽

Mohd Saufi Md Zaini ◽

Veronique Gloria V. Siduru ◽

Norhashimah Morad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Reference Material ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

High Yield ◽

Simulation Data ◽

Kinetic Rate ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kinetics Studies ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Oxirane Cleavage

Background: Studies pertaining to the epoxidation of fatty acids, garnered much interest in recent years due to the rising demand of eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. Methods: Epoxide is an important chemical precursor for the production of alcohols, glycols and polymers, like polyesters and epoxy resin. Epoxidation is the name given to the reaction when the double bonds are converted into epoxide. Results: Temperature at 55oC was used as a reference material in the epoxide process, as it produces a high yield epoxide being 88%. The kinetic rate of epoxidized palm kernel oil, k was obtained to be k11= 0.5125, k12= 0.05045, k21= 0.03185, k41= 0.01 and k51= 0.01243. Conclusion: Hence, by fitting the result with the experimental work and simulation, the summation of error being stimulated by I-sight simulation was 0.731116428 and the correlation between the experimental and simulation data was 0.925544.

Download Full-text