Mid-twentieth-century anatomical transparencies and the depiction of three-dimensional form

On 26 April 2013, the Wall Street Journal published an essay by neurocriminologist Adrian Raine promoting his newest book, The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime. On the newspaper’s website, an image of a black-and-white brain scan overlaid with handcuffs headed the essay. Clicking ‘play’ turned the image into a video filled with three-dimensional brain illustrations and Raine’s claims that some brains are simply more biologically prone to violence than others. Rejecting what he describes as ‘the dominant model for understanding criminal behaviour in the twentieth century’ – a model based ‘almost exclusively on social and sociological’ explanations – Raine wrote that ‘the genetic basis of criminal behaviour is now well established’ through molecular and behavioural genetics.

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Representing the War. Early Twentieth Century Maps and Models in the Fonds of the Italian War History Museum in Rovereto

Proceedings of the ICA ◽

10.5194/ica-proc-4-23-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Elena Dai Prà ◽

Valentina De Santi ◽

Giannantonio Scaglione

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Field Surveys ◽

History Museum ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Wide Range ◽

The First World War ◽

Three Dimensional Models ◽

The University ◽

First World

Abstract. The representation of the areas in which some of the most significant events of the First World War took place has produced a wide range of materials, such as cartography, aerial and terrestrial photos, textual descriptions and field surveys. In addition, war events were also represented through three-dimensional models. Topographic maps and models constitute composite figurations, which are rich in informative data useful for the preservation of the memory of places and for increasing the knowledge of cultural heritage. Hence, these sources need to be studied, described, interpreted and used for future enhancement. The focus of this paper are archival materials from the collections kept at the Italian War History Museum of Rovereto (Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra), in the Trentino-Alto Adige region. Firstly, we will investigate the cartographic fond in order to assess the composition and origin of its materials. Secondly, we will present the Museum’s collection of Early-Twentieth Century models. Such precious heritage is not yet part of an exhibition, and is kept in the Museum’s warehouses. The paper constitutes the occasion to present the initial results of a still ongoing project by the Geo-Cartographic Centre for Study and Documentation (GeCo) of the University of Trento on the study and analysis of two archival complexes preserved in the abovementioned Museum. In particular, the paper focuses on the heuristic value of such representational devices, which enable an analysis of the different methods and languages through which space is planned and designed, emphasizing the complementarity between different types of visualization.

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Triangulations and meshes in computational geometry

Acta Numerica ◽

10.1017/s0962492900001331 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 133-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Herbert Edelsbrunner

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Computational Geometry ◽

Delaunay Triangulation ◽

Mesh Generation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Central Theme ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Finite Point ◽

Major Application ◽

Point Set

The Delaunay triangulation of a finite point set is a central theme in computational geometry. It finds its major application in the generation of meshes used in the simulation of physical processes. This paper connects the predominantly combinatorial work in classical computational geometry with the numerical interest in mesh generation. It focuses on the two- and three-dimensional case and covers results obtained during the twentieth century.

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The reinvention of twentieth century microscopy for three‐dimensional imaging

Immunology and Cell Biology ◽

10.1038/icb.2017.36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 520-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lachlan W Whitehead ◽

Kate McArthur ◽

Niall D Geoghegan ◽

Kelly L Rogers

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensional Imaging

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“Smooth Space” for Avatars

Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts - Analyzing Art, Culture, and Design in the Digital Age ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8679-3.ch003 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 26-38

Author(s):

Elif Ayiter

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Literature Review ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Digital Artifact ◽

Smooth Space

During the years of Suprematism, between 1919 and 1923 in Russia, one of the movement's most significant contributors, architect, artist and designer El Lissitzky developed a series of works which he entitled “Prouns,” a name the exact meaning of which El Lissitzky never fully revealed, although he later described the purpose of his creations as interchange stations from painting to architecture, i.e., from two dimensional to three dimensional visuality. The author has re-created El Lissitzky's “Proun #5A” from 1919 in the metaverse, as an architecture for avatars. The process in which the translation from analogue drawing to three dimensional digital artifact was undertaken, the challenges encountered during its re-building; framed within a literature review that examines both El Lissitzky's influence on contemporary cyber-architecture, as well as the significance of his spatial investigations and his sources of inspiration during the early decades of the twentieth century will form the contents of this text.

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The Hut-Hospital as Project and as Practice

Social Analysis ◽

10.3167/sa.2018.620204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 76-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristiana Bastos

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Medical Assistance ◽

Legal Documents ◽

History Of ◽

Conference Papers ◽

Plaster Models ◽

Different Sources

This article analyzes one kind of colonial equipment designed in the early twentieth century for the purpose of providing medical assistance to the indigenous populations of Angola and Mozambique. I will refer to it as a ‘hut-hospital’, although it had several forms and designations. The layout of hut-hospitals consisted of a main building and a number of hut-like units that were supposedly more attractive to the indigenous population and therefore more efficient than the large, rectangular buildings of the main colonial hospitals. Using different sources, including three-dimensional plaster models of hut-hospitals, photographs, legal documents, and 1920s conference papers and articles, I will investigate the relatively obscure history of this colonial artifact while exploring the use of imitation as part of the repertoire of colonial governance.

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In the Three-Dimensional Space of Linguistic Theory and Literary Experiment

Critique and Semiotics ◽

10.25205/2307-1737-2021-1-78-93 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 78-93

Author(s):

V. V. Feshchenko

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

American Literature ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Language Analysis ◽

History Of Linguistics ◽

History Of ◽

Theory Of Language ◽

Anglo American ◽

Three Dimensional Space

Based on Yu. S. Stepanov’s conception of the three paradigms in the history of linguistics, philosophy and art (semantic, syntactic and pragmatic), this study highlights the three phases of the linguo-aesthetic turn in the theory of language and in the artistic language experiment of the 20 th century: formal-semantic, functional-syntactic and actional-pragmatic. Analyzed are the creative linguistic techniques used in experimental literary discourse throughout the 20 th century, predominantly in Russian and Anglo-American literature, and the linguistic procedures corresponding to these techniques, discovered in twentieth century linguistics as a path to new theories of language. The research material testifies to complex and productive interactions between experimental-artistic and scientific-linguistic discourses. The creative linguistic techniques of the literary experiment are consistent with the techniques of language analysis in the linguistic theories of the twentieth century.

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The Downfall of the Diorama

Nuncius ◽

10.1163/18253911-03503009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 660-684

Author(s):

Sarah Michel Scripps

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Progressive Era ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Scientific Representation ◽

Science Fair ◽

Visual Medium ◽

Science Fairs ◽

Future Science ◽

American Children ◽

Philosophical Questions

Abstract Over the course of the twentieth century, millions of American children conducted their first science experiments by participating in science fairs. In tracing the development of a new visual medium of the 20th century – the science fair display – this paper captures the unruliness of scientific representation from a child’s eye view. The essay traces this phenomenon against the backdrop of broader debates regarding the role scientifically inclined youth would play in shaping the nation’s future. Science fairs also raise important philosophical questions regarding the epistemology of children’s experimentation. Over the course of fifty years, three-dimensional dioramas of the Progressive era were supplanted by postwar argument-driven text panels, capturing a distinct rupture in scientific representation. The essay argues that science fair displays provide an entry point for understanding how adolescents conceived of science on visual, material, social, and epistemological terms.

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A 3D REWORKING OF THE URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF PALERMO IN RECENT HISTORY FOR A HYPOTHESIS OF A "CITY MUSEUM" BASED ON DIGITAL VISUALIZATIONS

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-viii-m-1-2021-81-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol VIII-M-1-2021 ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

G. M. Girgenti ◽

A. Alessio

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Photographic Images ◽

The World ◽

Urban Transformations ◽

Geometric Techniques ◽

The 1960S ◽

The City ◽

Illustrative Material

Abstract. The objective that drives this research is given by a multitude of information which, in addition to the contribution of technology, allows us to study, analyze, verify and remodel the sites, monuments and evolutions of the city through graphic processes of perspective restitution that start from the analysis of historical photos. The drawing methods, the digital graphic rendering and through the aid of geometric techniques, contribute to the reconstruction of projects and architectures that are now lost, this is possible thanks to the methods of perspective, axonometry and three-dimensional restitution.This remarkable photographic heritage belonging to Palermo, but also to any other city in the world that is sometimes not even considered in the least or that is even forgotten in archives today finds new life thanks to the perspective restitution. Shooting and photographic images following particular studies, allow us to precisely establish the observation points and the dimensions of architectures that have now disappeared, giving them new life through the transposition and reconstruction of the same within a “memory archive three-dimensional”.In order to describe the transformations of the city, both urban and architectural, we have taken as a case study an architecture that has now been lost in the city of Palermo: villa Rutelli. It was a neo-Gothic villa, built in the first twenty years of the twentieth century on the axis of Via Libertà and demolished in the 1960s along with other buildings of the Palermitan Liberty during the years of the infamous "sack of Palermo". Through the iconographic and archival research at the CRICD and the Bronzetti fund (photographer) and with the aid of research and cataloging studies, illustrative material emerged which was useful for reworking the particularities of the model through the perspective restitution.

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A comunicação visual de roupas brancas: uma pesquisa exploratória no Museu Nacional do Traje, Lisboa – Portugal (1900-1930) | Visual communication of undergarment: an exploratory research at the Museu Nacional do Traje, Lisbon – Portugal (1900-1930)

InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação ◽

10.51358/id.v16i2.718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 278-295

Author(s):

Caroline Muller ◽

Helena Barbosa ◽

Ronaldo De Oliveira Corrêa

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Visual Communication ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

National Museum ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Historical Factors ◽

Graphic Elements

Monogramas, inscrições, ornamentos e representações de elementos gráficos eram características recorrentes e constituintes das roupas brancas do início do século XX. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar considerações sobre a comunicação visual presente neste tipo de artefato entre os anos 1900 e 1930. Para isso, foram analisadas peças tridimensionais, catálogos e periódicos pertencentes ao arquivo do Museu Nacional do Traje, em Lisboa – Portugal. Busca-se, a partir das fontes tridimensionais, associado a fontes textuais e iconográficas, apresentar as múltiplas formas e usos da comunicação visual nas roupas brancas, tais como os tipos de inscrição, localização de representações e marcas nas peças, bem como discorrer sobre questões simbólicas e históricas que determinam a importância dessas características na configuração das vestimentas.*****Monograms, inscriptions, ornaments and representations of graphic elements were recurring features and constituents of the undergarments of the early twentieth century. This paper aims to present considerations about the visual communication found on this type of artifact between 1900 and 1930. To achieve such, three-dimensional pieces, catalogs and periodicals from the archive of the National Museum of the Costume, in Lisbon – Portugal, were analyzed. In this sense, from the three-dimensional sources, associated with textual and iconographic sources, this study sought to present the multiple forms and uses of visual communication in undergarments, such as types of inscription, location of representations and marks on the pieces, as well as to discuss questions symbolic and historical factors that determine the importance of these characteristics in the configuration of clothing.

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