scholarly journals Can endogenous hyperinsulinaemia explain the increased risk of cancer development and mortality in type 2 diabetes: evidence from mouse models

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek LeRoith
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

scholarly journals Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6444
Author(s):  
Anna Gabryanczyk ◽  
Sylwia Klimczak ◽  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Increased Risk

There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.

scholarly journals CANCER OF THE ORGANS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. EFFECTS OF ANTIDIABETIC THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

The aim: to investigate the prevalence of cancer of the reproductive system in women with type 2 diabetes, and to examine the impact of antidiabetic therapy on cancer risk of this localization. Materials and methods: The study included a retrospective analysis of medical records of women with T2D with first diagnosed cancer during 2012-2016. The bases for the study were specialized medical institutions in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The obtained results were processed using statistical programs “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistika-12”. Results: Breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer were detected in 202 postmenopausal women, 63.92% from the total number of cancer cases in women. An increased risk of breast [OR = 1.24; 95% CI (1.04 – 1.50) P = 0.019] and uterine cancer [OR = 1.32; 95% CI (1.02 – 1.69) P = 0.040] has been identified. Most often, before the detection of cancer, women received combination therapy with sulfonylurea and metformin (83 patients (57.64%)) with BMI 32.64 ± 3.69 kg/m2. The difference between risk of cancer on metformin monotherapy and on sulfonylurea monotherapy [OR = 2.17; 95% CI (0.88 – 5.36) P = 0.141] or on combination therapy [OR = 1.68; 95% CI (0.76 – 3.74) P = 0.276] was not found. Conclusions: Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer and are recommended to be screened for these diseases

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Site-Specific Cancer in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A National Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene ◽  
Ausvydas Patasius ◽  
Lina Zabuliene ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Increase In Risk

A retrospective cohort design was used with the objective to evaluate cancer risk among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Lithuania. The cohort was established by identifying all patients with the first diagnosis of T2DM in the National Health Insurance Fund database during 2000–2012. Cancer cases were identified by record linkage with the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Of the 127,290 people that were included, 5959 cases of cancer in men and 6661 cancer cases in women with T2DM were observed. A statistically significant increase in risk for all cancer sites was observed in women, SIR 1.16 (95% CI 1.14–1.19), but not in men, SIR 1.00 (95% CI 0.98–1.03). Among males, a significant increase of liver (SIR 2.11, 95% CI 1.79–2.49]), pancreas (SIR 1.77, 95% CI 1.57–1.99), kidney (SIR 1.46 95% CI 1.31–1.62), thyroid (SIR 1.83, 95% CI 1.32–2.54), colorectal (SIR 1.23, 95% CI 1.14–1.31]), skin melanoma (SIR 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76), and non–melanoma skin (SIR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.23) cancer was observed. For females with T2DM, a significant increase in risk of cancer of the liver (SIR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.79), pancreas (SIR 1.74, 95% CI 1.56–1.93), kidney (SIR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28–1.60), thyroid (SIR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.22–1.62), breast (SIR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.17–1.31), and corpus uteri (SIR 2.07, 95% CI 1.93–2.21) was observed. In conclusion, people with T2DM in Lithuania had an increased risk of site-specific cancer.

The Increased Risk of Cancer in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Mechanisms

2009 ◽  
pp. 579-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jane Gallagher ◽  
Ruslan Novosyadlyy ◽  
Shoshana Yakar ◽  
Derek LeRoith
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

scholarly journals Animal Models of GWAS-Identified Type 2 Diabetes Genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela da Silva Xavier ◽  
Elisa A. Bellomo ◽  
James A. McGinty ◽  
Paul M. French ◽  
Guy A. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Increased Risk

More than 65loci, encoding up to 500 different genes, have been implicated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as conferring an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whilst mouse models have in the past been central to understanding the mechanisms through which more penetrant risk genes for T2D, for example, those responsible for neonatal or maturity-onset diabetes of the young, only a few of those identified by GWAS, notablyTCF7L2andZnT8/SLC30A8, have to date been examined in mouse models. We discuss here the animal models available for the latter genes and provide perspectives for future, higher throughput approaches towards efficiently mining the information provided by human genetics.

scholarly journals PREDICTORS AND PREMORBID CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL CANCER, IN PARTICULAR ENDOMETRY CANCER AND BREAST CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (17) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
A. Petruk ◽  
O. Lytvak ◽  
A. Khabrat
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Genital Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Female Genital

Objective: to review a new potential diagnostic criteria for predictors and premorbid conditions of female genital cancer, including endometrial cancer and breast cancer. Materials and methods. Bibliographic, information-analytical methods were used in the work. Sources of information were data from the scientific literature on the topic of the study, modern gadleins, a review of randomized controlled trials. Results. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that the increased risk of cancer of the female reproductive system is the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms of their association are hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Because insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism and is a tissue growth factor, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased secretion of androgens by the ovaries and decreased levels of the protein that binds sex hormones, leading to higher concentrations of biologically active estrogens, which are also known to be risk factors for female genital cancer. In recent years, PFAA profiles have been found to be significantly altered in cancer and type 2 diabetes. Because cancer cells require certain amino acids to synthesize DNA, tumor growth factors, build new blood vessels, and duplicate all of their protein content, changes in PFAA profiles can be used as biomarkers of disease and different types of cancer at different stages. Conclusions. With the growing incidence of cancer, the issue of early diagnosis and detection of cancer in the pre-clinical stages remains relevant. Protein metabolism in cancer remains unclear and requires further research using a larger sample size. In addition, the biological mechanisms by which amino acids may contribute to the risk and progression of cancer or other premorbid conditions need to be elucidated. Determining the exact mechanism underlying changes in PFAA profiles has great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable disease among adults with cerebral palsy

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14) ◽  
pp. e1385-e1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Ryan ◽  
Mark D. Peterson ◽  
Anthony Matthews ◽  
Nicola Ryan ◽  
Kimberley J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of noncommunicable diseases between adults with and without cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsA cohort study was conducted using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cox models, stratified by matched set and adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted to compare the risk of any noncommunicable disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and respiratory disease between adults with and without CP.ResultsThe analysis included 1,705 adults with CP and 5,115 age-, sex-, and general practice–matched adults without CP. There was evidence from adjusted analyses that adults with CP had 75% increased risk of developing any noncommunicable disease compared to adults without CP (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58–1.94). Specifically, they had increased risk of cardiovascular disease (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.48–2.11) and respiratory disease (HR 2.61, 95% CI 2.14–3.19). There was no evidence of increased risk of cancer or type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsAdults with CP had increased risk of noncommunicable disease, specifically cardiovascular and respiratory disease. These findings highlight the need for clinical vigilance regarding identification of noncommunicable disease in people with CP and further research into the etiology and management of noncommunicable disease in this population.

scholarly journals Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jane Gallagher ◽  
Derek LeRoith
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and both are associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes develop many years before the onset of diabetes and, therefore, may be contributing to cancer risk before individuals are aware that they are at risk. Multiple factors potentially contribute to the progression of cancer in obesity and type 2 diabetes, including hyperinsulinemia and insulin-like growth factor I, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines and cytokines, and the gut microbiome. These metabolic changes may contribute directly or indirectly to cancer progression. Intentional weight loss may protect against cancer development, and therapies for diabetes may prove to be effective adjuvant agents in reducing cancer progression. In this review we discuss the current epidemiology, basic science, and clinical data that link obesity, diabetes, and cancer and how treating obesity and type 2 diabetes could also reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes.

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