Validation of and comparison between a semidistributed rainfall-runoff hydrological model (PREVAH) and a spatially distributed snow-evolution model (SnowModel) for snow cover prediction in mountain ecosystems

Ecohydrology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe F. Randin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Dedieu ◽  
Massimiliano Zappa ◽  
Li Long ◽  
Stefan Dullinger
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Mountain Ecosystems ◽  
Spatially Distributed

scholarly journals Rapid changes in snow cover at low elevations in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A.

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kattelmann
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
River Forecasting

Snow cover in the intermittent snow zone of the Sierra Nevada can occupy more than 10 000 km2 of the mountain range, but it has received relatively little attention in river forecasting. Snow is deposited at lower elevations only during the cold storms of winter, and remains there only for a few days or weeks. When cold storms have created a thin snow cover at low elevations, a subsequent warm storm can melt this snow in just a few hours and increase the runoff response dramatically. Operational hydrological models and river-forecasting procedures have tended to overlook contributions from the intermittent-snow zone, focusing instead on rainfall-runoff or melt from the snowpack zone at higher elevations. Data-collection efforts are minimal in this zone, too. Ideally, spatially distributed models of snowmelt and runoff generation are needed to account for the typically large differences in snow cover on different aspects in the intermittent snow zone. Although aircraft and satellite imagery would be most desirable to monitor the distribution of snow cover in the intermittent-snow zone, even a few climate stations that report precipitation type and snow presence would be a major improvement over the present situation in the Sierra Nevada.

scholarly journals Post-event analysis and flash flood hydrology in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Silvia Kohnová ◽  
Marco Borga ◽  
Oliver Horvát ◽  
Pavel Šťastný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Flood Peaks

Abstract This work examines the main features of the flash flood regime in Central Europe as revealed by an analysis of flash floods that have occurred in Slovakia. The work is organized into the following two parts: The first part focuses on estimating the rainfall-runoff relationships for 3 major flash flood events, which were among the most severe events since 1998 and caused a loss of lives and a large amount of damage. The selected flash floods occurred on the 20th of July, 1998, in the Malá Svinka and Dubovický Creek basins; the 24th of July, 2001, at Štrbský Creek; and the 19th of June, 2004, at Turniansky Creek. The analysis aims to assess the flash flood peaks and rainfall-runoff properties by combining post-flood surveys and the application of hydrological and hydraulic post-event analyses. Next, a spatially-distributed hydrological model based on the availability of the raster information of the landscape’s topography, soil and vegetation properties, and rainfall data was used to simulate the runoff. The results from the application of the distributed hydrological model were used to analyse the consistency of the surveyed peak discharges with respect to the estimated rainfall properties and drainage basins. In the second part these data were combined with observations from flash flood events which were observed during the last 100 years and are focused on an analysis of the relationship between the flood peaks and the catchment area. The envelope curve was shown to exhibit a more pronounced decrease with the catchment size with respect to other flash flood relationships found in the Mediterranean region. The differences between the two relationships mainly reflect changes in the coverage of the storm sizes and hydrological characteristics between the two regions.

scholarly journals Rapid changes in snow cover at low elevations in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A.

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kattelmann
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
River Forecasting

Snow cover in the intermittent snow zone of the Sierra Nevada can occupy more than 10 000 km2of the mountain range, but it has received relatively little attention in river forecasting. Snow is deposited at lower elevations only during the cold storms of winter, and remains there only for a few days or weeks. When cold storms have created a thin snow cover at low elevations, a subsequent warm storm can melt this snow in just a few hours and increase the runoff response dramatically. Operational hydrological models and river-forecasting procedures have tended to overlook contributions from the intermittent-snow zone, focusing instead on rainfall-runoff or melt from the snowpack zone at higher elevations. Data-collection efforts are minimal in this zone, too. Ideally, spatially distributed models of snowmelt and runoff generation are needed to account for the typically large differences in snow cover on different aspects in the intermittent snow zone. Although aircraft and satellite imagery would be most desirable to monitor the distribution of snow cover in the intermittent-snow zone, even a few climate stations that report precipitation type and snow presence would be a major improvement over the present situation in the Sierra Nevada.

scholarly journals The Canadian Hydrological Model (CHM): A multi-scale, multi-extent, variable-complexity hydrological model – Design and overview

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Marsh ◽  
John W. Pomeroy ◽  
Howard S. Wheater
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract. Despite debate in the rainfall-runoff hydrology literature about the merits of physics-based and spatially distributed models, substantial work in cold regions hydrology has shown improved predictive capacity by including physics-based process representations, relatively high-resolution semi- and fully-distributed discretizations, and use of physically identifiable parameters with limited calibration. While there is increasing motivation for modelling at hyper-resolution (

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan ◽  
Suhad Almuktar ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Time Step ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Northern Iraq

It has become necessary to estimate the quantities of runoff by knowing the amount of rainfall to calculate the required quantities of water storage in reservoirs and to determine the likelihood of flooding. The present study deals with the development of a hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS), which uses Digital Elevation Models (DEM). This hydrological model was used by means of the Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension (HEC-GeoHMS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to identify the discharge of the Al-Adhaim River catchment and embankment dam in Iraq by simulated rainfall-runoff processes. The meteorological models were developed within the HEC-HMS from the recorded daily rainfall data for the hydrological years 2015 to 2018. The control specifications were defined for the specified period and one day time step. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve number (SCS-CN), SCS Unit Hydrograph and Muskingum methods were used for loss, transformation and routing calculations, respectively. The model was simulated for two years for calibration and one year for verification of the daily rainfall values. The results showed that both observed and simulated hydrographs were highly correlated. The model’s performance was evaluated by using a coefficient of determination of 90% for calibration and verification. The dam’s discharge for the considered period was successfully simulated but slightly overestimated. The results indicated that the model is suitable for hydrological simulations in the Al-Adhaim river catchment.

scholarly journals SHETRAN and HEC HMS Model Evaluation for Runoff and Soil Moisture Simulation in the Jičinka River Catchment (Czech Republic)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Vesna Đukić ◽  
Ranka Erić
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Hydrological Variable ◽  
Model Structures

Due to the improvement of computation power, in recent decades considerable progress has been made in the development of complex hydrological models. On the other hand, simple conceptual models have also been advanced. Previous studies on rainfall–runoff models have shown that model performance depends very much on the model structure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of a complex hydrological model leads to more accurate results or not and to analyze whether some model structures are more efficient than others. Different configurations of the two models of different complexity, the Système Hydrologique Européen TRANsport (SHETRAN) and Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), were compared and evaluated in simulating flash flood runoff for the small (75.9 km2) Jičinka River catchment in the Czech Republic. The two models were compared with respect to runoff simulations at the catchment outlet and soil moisture simulations within the catchment. The results indicate that the more complex SHETRAN model outperforms the simpler HEC HMS model in case of runoff, but not for soil moisture. It can be concluded that the models with higher complexity do not necessarily provide better model performance, and that the reliability of hydrological model simulations can vary depending on the hydrological variable under consideration.

scholarly journals Fuzzy committees of specialized rainfall-runoff models: further enhancements and tests

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4441-4451 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kayastha ◽  
J. Ye ◽  
F. Fenicia ◽  
V. Kuzmin ◽  
D. P. Solomatine
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Hydrological Regimes

Abstract. Often a single hydrological model cannot capture the details of a complex rainfall–runoff relationship, and a possibility here is building specialized models to be responsible for a particular aspect of this relationship and combining them to form a committee model. This study extends earlier work of using fuzzy committees to combine hydrological models calibrated for different hydrological regimes – by considering the suitability of the different weighting function for objective functions and different class of membership functions used to combine the specialized models and compare them with the single optimal models.

scholarly journals Benefits and limitations of data assimilation for discharge forecasting using an event-based rainfall–runoff model

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coustau ◽  
S. Ricci ◽  
V. Borrell-Estupina ◽  
C. Bouvier ◽  
O. Thual
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Mediterranean catchments in southern France are threatened by potentially devastating fast floods which are difficult to anticipate. In order to improve the skill of rainfall-runoff models in predicting such flash floods, hydrologists use data assimilation techniques to provide real-time updates of the model using observational data. This approach seeks to reduce the uncertainties present in different components of the hydrological model (forcing, parameters or state variables) in order to minimize the error in simulated discharges. This article presents a data assimilation procedure, the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), used with the goal of improving the peak discharge predictions generated by an event-based hydrological model Soil Conservation Service lag and route (SCS-LR). For a given prediction date, selected model inputs are corrected by assimilating discharge data observed at the basin outlet. This study is conducted on the Lez Mediterranean basin in southern France. The key objectives of this article are (i) to select the parameter(s) which allow for the most efficient and reliable correction of the simulated discharges, (ii) to demonstrate the impact of the correction of the initial condition upon simulated discharges, and (iii) to identify and understand conditions in which this technique fails to improve the forecast skill. The correction of the initial moisture deficit of the soil reservoir proves to be the most efficient control parameter for adjusting the peak discharge. Using data assimilation, this correction leads to an average of 12% improvement in the flood peak magnitude forecast in 75% of cases. The investigation of the other 25% of cases points out a number of precautions for the appropriate use of this data assimilation procedure.

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