scholarly journals Species‐specific spring and autumn leaf phenology captured by time‐lapse digital cameras

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Xie ◽  
Daniel L. Civco ◽  
John A. Silander
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Autumn Leaf ◽  
Species Specific

Heterogenous Patterns in Leaf Phenology Across a Climate Gradient in Maritime Canada Observed through Phenocams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynsay Spafford ◽  
Andrew H. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Environmental Forcing ◽  
Climate Gradient ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leafing Phenology ◽  
Maritime Canada ◽  
Species Specific

<p>Leaf phenology, the timing of leaf life cycle events, is a vital indicator of terrestrial biosphere function. The influence of global change upon leafing phenology in mid to high latitude regions is uncertain due to a complex interaction of drivers and lack of temporally and spatially resolved baseline data.  Leaf phenology has been observed manually for millennia, and through satellite platforms for decades. A novel technique of monitoring leaf phenology known as near remote sensing employing time-lapse photography at the canopy level (or phenocams) allows for objective observations with high temporal and spatial resolution. We deployed 13 solar-powered time-lapse camera stations across a climate gradient in Nova Scotia, Canada to observe leaf phenology of locally abundant species including more than 300 individuals over the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. To examine the influence of thermal, photoperiodic, and genetic drivers, our remote phenology monitoring stations were situated in comparative edaphic and topographic contexts and complemented with relative humidity and ambient temperature sensors. We observed variability in the timing of leaf budburst, peak of season greenness, redness, senescence, and abscission between and within species, despite similar degrees of environmental forcing. Moving forward, we will apply our insights to develop species specific process based models of leaf phenology, and test the wider application of our techniques to observational records from other regions. This work demonstrates the complexity of environmental influence upon leaf phenology, as well as the utility of phenocams in monitoring leafing phenology in remote regions of Maritime Canada.</p>

scholarly journals Use of Time-lapse Video to Demonstrate Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Responses

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 875A-875
Author(s):  
Derek D. Woolard* ◽  
Judy Fugiel ◽  
F. Paul Silverman ◽  
Peter D. Petracek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Camera Placement ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Notebook Computers ◽  
Visual Record ◽  
Time Lapse Video

Tables, graphs, and photographs can effectively convey detailed results of a PGR experiment. However, we have observed that demonstrating PGR treatment effects by time-lapse video creates a strong impact on both scientists and non-technical audiences. Time-lapse video also provides a method for obtaining a continuous visual record that can be used to establish the precise chronology of a slow process. Recent advances in notebook computers, inexpensive digital cameras (e.g. 3Com HomeConnect™), and time-lapse software (e.g. Picture WorkLive™) allow scientists and teachers to inexpensively prepare time-lapse videos. Important considerations for the production of quality time-lapse videos include: 1. treatment effects should be substantial, consistent, and visible, 2. digital camera images should be clear, 3. lighting should be constant and provide adequate brightness and proper color, 4. camera movement such as those due to vibrations should be minimal, 5. camera placement should simplify composition. Time-lapse videos of PGR treatment effects will be shown, and methods of production will be discussed.

scholarly journals Using subnivean camera traps to study Arctic small mammal community dynamics during winter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Peter Mölle ◽  
Eivind Flittie Kleiven ◽  
Rolf Anker Ims ◽  
Eeva M Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Occupancy Rates

Small rodents are a key indicator to understand the effect of rapidly changing winter climate on Arctic tundra ecosystems. However, monitoring rodent populations through the long Arctic winter by means of conventional traps has until now been hampered by snow cover and harsh ambient conditions. Here, we conduct the first extensive assessment of the utility of a newly developed camera trap to study the winter dynamics of small mammals in the low-Arctic tundra of northern Norway. Forty functional cameras were motion-triggered 20172 times between September 2014 and July 2015, mainly by grey-sided voles (Myodes rufocanus SUNDEVALL 1846), tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus PALLAS 1776), Norwegian lemmings (Lemmus lemmus LINNAEUS 1758) and shrews (Sorex spp.). These data proved to be suitable for dynamical modelling of species-specific site occupancy rates. The occupancy rates of all recorded species declined sharply and synchronously at the onset of the winter. This decline happened concurrently with changes in the ambient conditions recorded by time-lapse images of snow and water. Our study demonstrates the potential of subnivean camera traps for elucidating novel aspects of year-round dynamics of Arctic small mammal communities.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Fruiting Body Morphogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Kaiser ◽  
Roy Welch
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Multicellular Structure ◽  
Closed Orbits ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Myxobacteria build their species-specific fruiting bodies by cell movement and then differentiate spores in specific places within that multicellular structure. New steps in the developmental aggregation of Myxococcus xanthus were discovered through a frame-by-frame analysis of a motion picture. The formation and fate of 18 aggregates were captured in the time-lapse movie. Still photographs of 600 other aggregates were also analyzed. M. xanthus has two engines that propel the gliding of its rod-shaped cells: slime-secreting jets at the rear and retractile pili at the front. The earliest aggregates are stationary masses of cells that look like three-dimensional traffic jams. We propose a model in which both engines stall as the cells' forward progress is blocked by other cells in the traffic jam. We also propose that these blockades are eventually circumvented by the cell's capacity to turn, which is facilitated by the push of slime secretion at the rear of each cell and by the flexibility of the myxobacterial cell wall. Turning by many cells would transform a traffic jam into an elliptical mound, in which the cells are streaming in closed orbits. Pairs of adjacent mounds are observed to coalesce into single larger mounds, probably reflecting the fusion of orbits in the adjacent mounds. Although fruiting bodies are relatively large structures that contain 105 cells, no long-range interactions between cells were evident. For aggregation, M. xanthus appears to use local interactions between its cells.

scholarly journals Using digital time-lapse cameras to monitor species-specific understorey and overstorey phenology in support of wildlife habitat assessment

2010 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Bater ◽  
Nicholas C. Coops ◽  
Michael A. Wulder ◽  
Thomas Hilker ◽  
Scott E. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Habitat Assessment ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Digital Time

scholarly journals Infrared and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Methods for Stress Evaluation

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
The Cost

Infrared and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging methods are useful techniques to evaluate environmental effects on plant performance. With the advent of digital imaging and advances in sensor technology, infrared (IR) thermography has become more accurate and less expensive. Modern IR cameras can resolve 0.5 °C temperature differences and research-grade instruments can resolve 0.05 °C. This precision has allowed the physical processes of freezing and transpiration to be more accurately studied and modeled. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, although still an expensive technology, has also become sufficiently rugged to be useful in the field. The measurement of quantum efficiency, Fv/Fm, provides clear data on the effect of various environmental and biotic effects on the performance of photosynthesis in plants through the effect on photosystem II. Modern digital cameras with low signal-to-noise ratios can also image chlorophyll fluorescence using time lapse exposure. Peltier-cooled charge coupled device (CCD) cameras can measure the autoluminescence in stressed plants that is generated by reactive oxygen species. Advances in technology have reduced the cost and precision of imaging equipment to a point that they are more applicable tools to plant scientists.

Continuous water level monitoring using time-lapse imagery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Noto ◽  
Flavia Tauro ◽  
Andrea Petroselli ◽  
Ciro Apollonio ◽  
Gianluca Botter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Reference Object ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Image Quantization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Settings

<p>Monitoring ephemeral and intermittent streams is a major challenge in hydrology. While direct field observations are best to detect spatial patterns of flow persistence, on site inspections are time and labor intensive and may be impractical in difficult-to-access environments. Motivated by latest advancements of digital cameras and computer vision techniques, in this work, we describe the development and application of a stage-camera system to monitor the water level in ungauged headwater streams. The system encompasses a consumer grade wildlife camera with near infrared (NIR) night vision capabilities and a white pole that serves as reference object in the collected images. Time-lapse imagery is processed through a computationally inexpensive algorithm featuring image quantization and binarization, and water level time series are filtered through a simple statistical scheme. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through a set of benchmark experiments performed in controlled and natural settings, characterized by an increased level of complexity. Maximum mean absolute errors between stage-camera and reference data are approximately equal to 2 cm in the worst scenario that corresponds to severe hydrometeorological conditions. Our preliminary results are encouraging and support the scalability of the stage camera in future implementations in a wide range of natural settings.</p>

Autumn leaf phenology: discrepancies between in situ observations and satellite data at urban and rural sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (22) ◽  
pp. 8129-8150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Donnelly ◽  
Lingling Liu ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhang ◽  
Astrid Wingler
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Autumn Leaf ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Rural Sites

scholarly journals Glacier velocities from time-lapse photos: technique development and first results from the Extreme Ice Survey (EIS) in Greenland

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (198) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushin Ahn ◽  
Jason E. Box
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Camera System ◽  
First Results ◽  
Camera Perspective ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Glacier Velocity ◽  
Ray Projection ◽  
Terrain Elevation

AbstractAutomated digital cameras were installed in May–June 2007 beside major West Greenland marine-terminating glaciers as part of the Extreme Ice Survey (EIS). EIS cameras began imaging the lowest 4 km2 of the glacier at hourly intervals throughout sunlit periods of the year. This study presents the development of techniques for quantifying glacier velocity from a single camera perspective. A Multi-Image/Multi-Chip matching procedure yields higher matching skill than conventional matching, and facilitates false-match rejection via a clustering scheme. The matching of motionless on-land features facilitates compensating camera motion. Ray projection to a known terrain elevation allows the assigning of scale to convert pixel displacements to velocity units. With the 10.2-megapixel camera system, velocities on relatively fast glaciers can be resolved at distances up to ∼4 km. At a distance of 2 km, a demonstrated precision of ∼0.5 pixels yields a ∼0.5 m footprint size. Daily velocities indicate progressive multi-day velocity accelerations associated with calving. Deceleration trends are associated with the regrowth of resistive stress after major calving. The higher observation frequency available to terrestrial photogrammetry indicates higher observed intra-seasonal velocity range than observable by the at-best weekly satellite snapshots.

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