Fenitrothion, an organophosphorous insecticide, impairs locomotory function and alters body temperatures inSminthopsis macroura(Gould 1845) without reducing metabolic rates during running endurance and thermogenic performance tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Story ◽  
Kris French ◽  
Lee B. Astheimer ◽  
William A. Buttemer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Tests ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticide

scholarly journals THE METABOLIC RATES AND BODY TEMPERATURES OF BATS

1951 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAYMOND J. HOCK
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

scholarly journals Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 171359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teague O'Mara ◽  
Sebastian Rikker ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
Andries Ter Maat ◽  
Henry S. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Molossus Molossus

Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats ( Molossus molossus ) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature . Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.

Standard Metabolism of Monotremes and the Evolution of Homeothermy.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Dawson ◽  
TR Grant ◽  
D Fanning
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Standard Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

The standard metabolic rates (SMR) of species from all extant monotreme genera were determined together with body temperatures. The echidnas, Zaglossus bruijni and Tachyglossus aculeatus, of the Family Tachyglossidae, both had an SMR 25-30% of predicted eutherian levels. The platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus, however, had a much higher SMR. The weight-independent values (watts, kg*-075) were 0.86, 0.98 and 2.21 respectively for Z. bruijni, T. aculeatus and 0. anatinus. Body temperatures were similar, however, with means in the range 31.3-32�C. The data are suggested to support the idea of a gradual evolution in metabolic capability rather than marked jumps in metabolic levels.

Behavioural Thermoregulation in the Freeze-Tolerant Arctic Caterpillar, Gynaephora Groenlandica

1988 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLGA KUKAL ◽  
BERND HEINRICH ◽  
JOHN G. DUMAN
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Freeze Tolerant ◽  
Gynaephora Groenlandica

Larvae of the high arctic caterpillar, Gynaephora groenlandica (Wöcke) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) spent most (60 %) of their time orienting towards the sun (i.e. basking) and only 20% feeding, primarily near midday. Larvae usually basked after feeding, then either fed again or moved to a new feeding site. Basking larvae reached their highest body temperatures (Tb) of ≊30°C (≊20°C in excess of the ambient temperature) when surrounded by snow on a calm day in the midday sun. Setae significantly decreased larval cooling rates. Maximal metabolic rates were attained in basking larvae, but at body temperatures below 10°C oxygen uptake was greatly reduced. Our studies indicate that G. groenlandica larvae are behaviourally adapted to utilize available solar radiation for growth and development.

Mechanisms of cold acclimatization in the cat

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Adams
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Cold Acclimatization ◽  
Tissue Insulation ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Internal Body

Thermoregulatory control in cats living at 25 C was compared to the regulation of body temperature in the same species after continuous whole-body cold exposure to an ambient temperature of 5 C for periods exceeding 2 months. Rectal and extremity temperatures and metabolic rates for the two groups were examined during acute (2-hr) air exposures to 23, 10, and 0 C. Cold acclimatizing mechanisms in the cat involve a redistribution of body heat at 23 C, obligating increased heat flux at the expense of elevated metabolism, an improved peripheral vascular defense (increase functional tissue insulation) during moderate cold exposure (10 C), and a greater ability to increase heat production accompanied by more labile peripheral vasomotion, during more severe cold air exposure (0 C). Although resting at 23 C, cold-acclimatized cats had lower rectal temperatures and were able to maintain higher internal body temperatures during both levels of cold stress compared to noncold-acclimatized animals. Submitted on November 1, 1962

Energy metabolism and thermoregulation of beaver (Castor canadensis)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Predicted Values

Metabolic rates and body temperatures (Tb) of adult and immature beavers were recorded at air temperatures from −20 to 28 °C. The thermoneutral zone of beavers > 1 year of age extended from 0–2 °C to at least 28 °C. Lower critical temperature, whole-body conductance, and resting metabolic rate were similar for yearlings and beavers ≥ 2 years old, and conformed closely to weight-predicted values for terrestrial eutherians. The estimated lower critical temperature of a growing beaver kit declined from 24–25 °C at 2–3 weeks of age when the animal weighed 0.59–0.62 kg to 0–2 °C at 11–13 weeks when the kit weighed 2.92–3.50 kg. Rectal Tb of the kit was generally lower and less stable than abdominal Tb recorded telemetrically from older animals. In beavers > 1 year old, abdominal Tb was independent of air temprature (−20 to 28 °C), with no evidence of hypothermia or metabolic depression at subfreezing temperatures. Neither the level nor the daily rhythm of Tb was substantially altered by 24–48 h fasting in this species.

Manipulation of plasma uric acid in broiler chicks and its effect on leukocyte oxidative activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. R791-R796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin F. Simoyi ◽  
Knox Van Dyke ◽  
Hillar Klandorf
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Oxidative Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Tissue Aging

Birds have high metabolic rates, body temperatures, and plasma glucose concentrations yet physiologically age at a rate slower than comparably sized mammals. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant uric acid protects birds against oxidative stress. Mixed sex broiler chicks (3 wk old) were fed diets supplemented or not with purines (0.6 mol hypoxanthine or inosine). Study 1 consisted of 18 female Cobb × Cobb broilers that were fed purines for 7 days, whereas study 2 consisted of 12 males in a 21-day trial. Study 3involved 30 mixed sex broilers that were fed 40 or 50 mg allopurinol/kg body mass (BM) for 21 days, a drug that lowers plasma uric acid (PUA). PUA and leukocyte oxidative activity (LOA) were determined weekly for all studies. For study 2, pectoralis major shear force, relative kidney and liver sizes (RKS and RLS), and plasma glucose concentrations were also determined. In study 1, PUA concentration was increased three- and twofold ( P < 0.001) in birds fed inosine or hypoxanthine, respectively, compared with control birds. LOA of birds supplemented with inosine was lower ( P < 0.05) than that of control or hypoxanthine birds. In study 2, PUA concentrations were increased fivefold ( P < 0.001) in birds fed inosine and twofold ( P < 0.001) in birds fed hypoxanthine compared with control birds at day 21. RKS (g/kg BM) was greater ( P < 0.001) for chicks fed purine diets compared with control chicks. Muscle shear value was lower ( P < 0.05) in chicks fed purine diets. PUA concentration was decreased ( P < 0.001) in birds consuming allopurinol diets, whereas LOA was increased ( P < 0.01) in study 3. These studies show that PUA concentrations can be related to oxidative stress in birds, which can be linked to tissue aging.

Terramegathermy in the Time of the Titans: Restoring the Metabolics of Colossal Dinosaurs

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Paul ◽  
Guy D. Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Leatherback Sea Turtle

Among dinosaurs, megadinosaurs (those over one tonne) have been considered among the best candidates for having had low metabolic rates (LoMRs). Spotila et al (1991) argued that big dinosaurs were gigantotherms that shared thermal characteristics with the large leatherback sea turtle, and Dodson (1991) suggested that giant dinosaurs lived in the slow lane compared to giant mammals. Coulson (1979), Bennett (1991) and Ruben (1991) restored big dinosaurs as “good reptiles” powered by bursts of reptilian hyperanaerobiosis rather than the sustained tachyaerobiosis that powers birds and mammals. Farlow (1990) suggested that large dinosaurs were “damned good reptiles” with fluctuating metabolic rates (MRs), and in 1993 he argued that dinosaurs used a combination of rapid reproduction and intermediate metabolic rates (InMRs) to grow bigger than land mammals. All the above workers, and McNab (1983) and Dunham et al. (1989), have modeled big dinosaurs as LoMR or InMR inertial homeotherms that maintained constant body temperatures on a daily basis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document