Effects of Diclofenac on the Reproductive Health, Respiratory Rate, Cardiac Activity and Heat Tolerance of Aquatic Animals

Six steers kept in an environment of 15°C. were deprived of water for four consecutive days. This treatment, by depressing appetite, caused a reduction in voluntary hay intake to one-quarter of its normal level and a decrease in body weight by 10%.In spite of this reduction in feed intake, which must have been accompanied by a fall in metabolic heat production, the animals were less able to tolerate heat than when they were normally watered: during 4 hr. exposures to temperatures of 40.0°C. dry bulb and 32.5°C. wet bulb the waterdepleted animals showed higher values of rectal and skin temperature. This was associated with a slower initial rise and lower final values of respiratory rate (130 versus 155 respirations/min.).

Download Full-text

Contact-Based Methods for Measuring Respiratory Rate

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19040908 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 908 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Carlo Massaroni ◽

Andrea Nicolò ◽

Daniela Lo Presti ◽

Massimo Sacchetti ◽

Sergio Silvestri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Rate ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Sensing Element ◽

Potential Development ◽

Respiratory Airflow ◽

Sporting Activities ◽

Occupational Settings ◽

Respiratory Variables

There is an ever-growing demand for measuring respiratory variables during a variety of applications, including monitoring in clinical and occupational settings, and during sporting activities and exercise. Special attention is devoted to the monitoring of respiratory rate because it is a vital sign, which responds to a variety of stressors. There are different methods for measuring respiratory rate, which can be classed as contact-based or contactless. The present paper provides an overview of the currently available contact-based methods for measuring respiratory rate. For these methods, the sensing element (or part of the instrument containing it) is attached to the subject’s body. Methods based upon the recording of respiratory airflow, sounds, air temperature, air humidity, air components, chest wall movements, and modulation of the cardiac activity are presented. Working principles, metrological characteristics, and applications in the respiratory monitoring field are presented to explore potential development and applicability for each method.

Download Full-text

Rectal temperature and respiratory rate as indicators of heat tolerance in cattle

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600015902 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

W. Bianca

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Temperature Response ◽

High Heat ◽

Small Loss ◽

Hot Environments ◽

Degree Of Severity ◽

Suitable Measure

1. Rectal temperatures and respiratory rates have been determined in four calves during 5 hr. exposures to ten different hot environments in a climatic room.2. Among the various parameters based on rectal temperature response, final rectal temperature proved the best for differentiating between the heat tolerance of individual animals. Under conditions of severe heat, where rectal temperature rose almost linearly with time of exposure, tolerance time proved equally suitable.3. Since initial rectal temperature tended to parallel final rectal temperature, the increase in rectal temperature during exposure did not vary significantly between the animals. Increase in rectal temperature was therefore considered a less suitable measure of heat tolerance.4. Both the lowest and the highest panting rate were associated with a low heat tolerance. From this, as well as from other observations and considerations, it was concluded that respiratory rate, either alone or in combination with rectal temperature, was an inadequate measure of heat tolerance.5. A state of high heat tolerance tended to be associated with only a small loss of body weight during exposure to heat, but showed no relation to body weight itself.6. The order of heat tolerance of the four animals was essentially the same in each of the ten hot environments investigated. It was inferred that within the range of temperatures employed in this study the degree of severity of the heat stress was not an important factor in the discrimination of heat tolerance.

Download Full-text

Sheep Shearing Impact on Garutian Sheep Physiological Responses

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201967061441 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 1441-1445

Author(s):

Hudiana Hernawan

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Rate ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Normal Animal

This study aims to determine the sheep’ physiological response as a result of shearing by evaluating heat tolerance coefficient. The observed measurements of heat tolerance coefficient were rectal temperature and respiratory rate. The results of this experimental method showed that the average rectal temperature of all Garut sheep groups ranged from 38.6 ℃–39.0 ℃, while the average respiratory rate of both sheep groups was 35.1 breaths per minute to 45.1 breaths per minute. Most of the Garut sheep groups during the study have 2.5 to 3.0 heat tolerance coefficient in which the recommended normal animal heat tolerance coefficient is 2. To sum up, the observed heat tolerance of the Garut sheep in both treatments is above the recommended value. Furthermore, there was a significantly lower difference in heat tolerance coefficient in shear-shaved sheep (2.5) compared to the unshaven ones (3).

Download Full-text

A study of heat tolerance of grade Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows during early lactation.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9530224 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 224 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

KW Robinson ◽

GH Klemm

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Water Loss ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Temperature Pulse ◽

Evaporative Loss

Four grade Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows, aged 3 years, were exposed for 7 hr. twice a week to each of several atmospheres having dry-bulb temperatures ranging from 86° to 108.5°F. and absolute humidities ranging from 8 to 16 g./cu. ft. The following reactions were studied: rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, evaporative loss, skin temperature, and behaviour. Average 9 a.m. ante-room rectal temperature reading was 101.5 ± 1.29°F. Dry-bulb temperatures of 95°F. and above caused a noticeable rise in rectal temperature and rise in body temperature paralleled rise in humidity. Humidity had a greater effect on the animal than dry-bulb temperature. Pulse rate was essentially unaffected by rise in temperature. Environmental conditions markedly influenced respiratory rate. On exposure to heat, the rate increased considerably before any rise in rectal temperature was apparent. When dry-bulb temperature increased, there was a parallel rise of evaporative loss with rise in respiratory rate. Humidity had little effect on water loss. Comparisons of the reactions of Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows were made with four Jersey cows of similar age and lactation, exposed to atmospheric conditions similar to those observed by Riek and Lee two years previously. The following points were brought out: (i) The heat tolerance is greater in Jerseys with all combinations of dry- and wet-bulb temperatures. (ii) There is no significant change in pulse rate with breed. (iii) Respiratory rates are similar in the two breeds until the highest temperatures are reached, when that of the Illawarra Shorthorn increases above that of the Jersey. (iv) A greater increase in water loss occurs in the Jersey. (v) There is a larger body temperature-skin temperature gradient in the IIIawarra Shorthorn.

Download Full-text

Breed and seasonal variation in thermoregulatory paramters of some selected Nigerian indigenous cattle

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i6.2867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 18-31

Author(s):

H. Y. Abbaya ◽

I. I. Adedibu ◽

M. Kabir ◽

A. O. Iyiola-Tunji

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Fréquence Cardiaque ◽

Stress Thermique ◽

Breed Differences

The study was conducted to evaluate breed differences in thermoregulatory parameters of four Nigerian indigenous breeds of cattle over two seasons (late rainy and late dry). Data on thermoregulatory parameters (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and Heat Tolerance Coefficient) of eighty (80) cattle, comprising 20 each of Bunaji, Rahaji, Bokoloji and Adamawa Gudali were obtained and subjected to analysis of variance of SAS software. In the pooled breed variation, breed influenced (p<0.05) all the parameters measured. Bunaji recorded the highest rectal temperature (37.92oC) in all the seasons of measurement. Respiratory rate and Heat tolerance coefficient were highest in Bokoloji while the least were in Bunaji and Adamawa Gudali. Season significantly (p<0.05) affected thermoregulatory parameters measured except (p>0.05) rectal temperature. The highest recorded values of respiratory rate (27.85 beat/min), Pulse rate (27.62breaths/min) and HTC (2.19) were in the late dry season. The effect of interaction between breed and season on thermoregulatory parameters significantly affected (p<0.05) all the thermoregulatory parameters measured. It was concluded that Bokoloji and Bunaji breeds of indigenous cattle are more reactive to Heat stress than Rahaji and Adamawa Gudali even though this could vary with seasons of the year as seen in the interaction between breed and season in this study. L'étude a été menée pour évaluer les différences entre les races dans les paramètres thermorégulateurs de quatre races indigènes de bétail nigérianes sur deux saisons (pluvieuse tardive et sèche tardive). Des données sur les paramètres thermorégulateurs (température rectale, fréquence respiratoire, fréquence du pouls et coefficient de tolérance à la chaleur) de quatre-vingts (80) bovins, comprenant 20 de chacun de Bunaji, Rahaji, Bokoloji et Adamawa Gudali ont été obtenues et soumises à l'analyse de variance du logiciel 'SAS'. Dans la variation de race combinée, la race a influencé (p <0,05) tous les paramètres mesurés. Bunaji a enregistré la température rectale la plus élevée (37,920 ° C) de toutes les saisons de mesure. La fréquence respiratoire et le coefficient de tolérance à la chaleur étaient les plus élevés à Bokoloji tandis que les plus faibles étaient à Bunaji et à Adamawa Gudali. La saison a affecté significativement (p <0,05) les paramètres thermorégulateurs mesurés sauf (p> 0,05) la température rectale. Les valeurs les plus élevées enregistrées de la fréquence respiratoire étaient (27,85 battements / min), la fréquence cardiaque (27,62 respirations / min) et le 'HTC' (2,19) étaient à la fin de la saison sèche.L'effet de l'interaction entre la race et la saison sur les paramètres thermorégulateurs était significativement affecté (p <0,05) tous les paramètres thermorégulateurs mesurés. Il a été conclu que les races Bokoloji et Bunaji de bovins indigènes sont plus réactives au stress thermique que Rahaji et Adamawa Gudali, même si cela peut varier avec les saisons de l'année, comme le montre l'interaction entre la race et la saison dans cette étude.

Download Full-text

A note on studies on heat tolerance in Awassi sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100029858 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 369-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. H. Juma ◽

F. H. Gharib ◽

J. Eliya

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Awassi Sheep

SUMMARYBody temperature and respiratory rate were investigated during the hottest months of the year in five docked and five undocked fattailed Awassi rams, together with the effect of month and docking on these physiological variables.Month had significant effects on both variables in the two groups. Diurnal variation in rectal temperature was significant in both groups.Docked rams maintained significantly lower rectal temperatures and respiratory rates than their controls.

Download Full-text

Effect of amitraz and xylazine on some physiological variables of horses

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352000000100008 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Queiroz-Neto ◽

A.B. Carregaro ◽

G. Zamur ◽

J.D. Harkins ◽

T. Tobin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Side Effects ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Heart Activity ◽

Apparent Increase ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Intestinal Activity

The effect of the intravenous injection of amitraz (0.1mg/kg) to horses on cardiac activity, respiratory rate, intestinal motor activity, rectal temperature, sweating and masticating was evaluated and compared to the effect of intravenous administration of xylazine (1mg/kg, iv) on heart rate, respiratory rate and intestinal activity. Amitraz caused a significant decrease in heart activity, respiratory rate and intestinal movements, but these effects were not as pronounced as those caused by xylazine. Amitraz also caused a significant relaxation of the rectal smooth muscle, and an apparent increase in sweating and in the frequency of horses found masticating hay. Rectal temperature was not influenced by amitraz. The results indicated that amitraz, at the dose used, did not cause severe side effects in horses.

Download Full-text