scholarly journals Breed and seasonal variation in thermoregulatory paramters of some selected Nigerian indigenous cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
H. Y. Abbaya ◽  
I. I. Adedibu ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
A. O. Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Fréquence Cardiaque ◽  
Stress Thermique ◽  
Breed Differences

The study was conducted to evaluate breed differences in thermoregulatory parameters of four Nigerian indigenous breeds of cattle over two seasons (late rainy and late dry). Data on thermoregulatory parameters (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and Heat Tolerance Coefficient) of eighty (80) cattle, comprising 20 each of Bunaji, Rahaji, Bokoloji and Adamawa Gudali were obtained and subjected to analysis of variance of SAS software. In the pooled breed variation, breed influenced (p<0.05) all the parameters measured. Bunaji recorded the highest rectal temperature (37.92oC) in all the seasons of measurement. Respiratory rate and Heat tolerance coefficient were highest in Bokoloji while the least were in Bunaji and Adamawa Gudali. Season significantly (p<0.05) affected thermoregulatory parameters measured except (p>0.05) rectal temperature. The highest recorded values of respiratory rate (27.85 beat/min), Pulse rate (27.62breaths/min) and HTC (2.19) were in the late dry season. The effect of interaction between breed and season on thermoregulatory parameters significantly affected (p<0.05) all the thermoregulatory parameters measured. It was concluded that Bokoloji and Bunaji breeds of indigenous cattle are more reactive to Heat stress than Rahaji and Adamawa Gudali even though this could vary with seasons of the year as seen in the interaction between breed and season in this study.   L'étude a été menée pour évaluer les différences entre les races dans les paramètres thermorégulateurs de quatre races indigènes de bétail nigérianes sur deux saisons (pluvieuse tardive et sèche tardive). Des données sur les paramètres thermorégulateurs (température rectale, fréquence respiratoire, fréquence du pouls et coefficient de tolérance à la chaleur) de quatre-vingts (80) bovins, comprenant 20 de chacun de Bunaji, Rahaji, Bokoloji et Adamawa Gudali ont été obtenues et soumises à l'analyse de variance du logiciel 'SAS'. Dans la variation de race combinée, la race a influencé (p <0,05) tous les paramètres mesurés. Bunaji a enregistré la température rectale la plus élevée (37,920 ° C) de toutes les saisons de mesure. La fréquence respiratoire et le coefficient de tolérance à la chaleur étaient les plus élevés à Bokoloji tandis que les plus faibles étaient à Bunaji et à Adamawa Gudali. La saison a affecté significativement (p <0,05) les paramètres thermorégulateurs mesurés sauf (p> 0,05) la température rectale. Les valeurs les plus élevées enregistrées de la fréquence respiratoire étaient (27,85 battements / min), la fréquence cardiaque (27,62 respirations / min) et le 'HTC' (2,19) étaient à la fin de la saison sèche.L'effet de l'interaction entre la race et la saison sur les paramètres thermorégulateurs était significativement affecté (p <0,05) tous les paramètres thermorégulateurs mesurés. Il a été conclu que les races Bokoloji et Bunaji de bovins indigènes sont plus réactives au stress thermique que Rahaji et Adamawa Gudali, même si cela peut varier avec les saisons de l'année, comme le montre l'interaction entre la race et la saison dans cette étude.

scholarly journals Genetic adaptive potentials of four breeds of rabbit to heat stress in the humid tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
A. O. Fadare ◽  
T. Oni ◽  
I. L. Olatunji ◽  
O. A. Mesogboriwon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Heat Stress Index

Rabbit production under tropical conditions is affected by environmental stress mainly from the effect of high ambient temperatures and high humidity, low wind speed and indirect solar radiation. This experiment was conducted to investigate the adaptive potentials of Californian, New Zealand white, Havana black and Palomino brown rabbits to heat stress when raised in humid tropics. A total number of ninety-six rabbits were used. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and heat stress index were measured in these temperate breeds during rainy and dry season. The results showed that the breed of rabbit had a significant effect (P<0.05) on rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and heat stress index. Havana black rabbit had the highest mean rectal temperature value (39.32 ± 0.03°C) followed by Palomino brown (38.97 ± 0.03°C), while the least value was recorded for New Zealand white (38.68 ± 0.02). Respiratory rate values followed the same pattern with that of rectal temperature with higher respiratory rate 69.09 ± 1.05 breaths/min recorded for Havana rabbits. The pulse rate values ranged from 163.23 ± 0.47 - 184.35 ± 0.78 beats/minutes. The highest pulse rate of 184.35 ± 3.78beats/minute was recorded for Havana black. The lowest heat stress index was obtained for New Zealand white followed by California and Palomino Brown while Havana black rabbit had the highest value (1.95± 0.01). The respiratory rate was significantly lower among males as compared to their female counterparts (63.09±0.58 versus 69.54 ± 1.65breaths per minute). The age of the rabbit also significantly affected (P<0.05) the rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and heat stress index. 12 weeks old rabbit had the highest mean values while 4 weeks old rabbit had the least values. The heat stress index value obtained during dry season was higher (P< 0.05) than that obtained for rainy season (1.93± 0.02 versus 1.80 ± 0.01). Havana black rabbits and Palomino brown were more prone to heat stress than California and New Zealand white rabbits in tropical environment.

A study of heat tolerance of grade Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows during early lactation.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Robinson ◽  
GH Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Temperature Pulse ◽  
Evaporative Loss

Four grade Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows, aged 3 years, were exposed for 7 hr. twice a week to each of several atmospheres having dry-bulb temperatures ranging from 86° to 108.5°F. and absolute humidities ranging from 8 to 16 g./cu. ft. The following reactions were studied: rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, evaporative loss, skin temperature, and behaviour. Average 9 a.m. ante-room rectal temperature reading was 101.5 ± 1.29°F. Dry-bulb temperatures of 95°F. and above caused a noticeable rise in rectal temperature and rise in body temperature paralleled rise in humidity. Humidity had a greater effect on the animal than dry-bulb temperature. Pulse rate was essentially unaffected by rise in temperature. Environmental conditions markedly influenced respiratory rate. On exposure to heat, the rate increased considerably before any rise in rectal temperature was apparent. When dry-bulb temperature increased, there was a parallel rise of evaporative loss with rise in respiratory rate. Humidity had little effect on water loss. Comparisons of the reactions of Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows were made with four Jersey cows of similar age and lactation, exposed to atmospheric conditions similar to those observed by Riek and Lee two years previously. The following points were brought out: (i) The heat tolerance is greater in Jerseys with all combinations of dry- and wet-bulb temperatures. (ii) There is no significant change in pulse rate with breed. (iii) Respiratory rates are similar in the two breeds until the highest temperatures are reached, when that of the Illawarra Shorthorn increases above that of the Jersey. (iv) A greater increase in water loss occurs in the Jersey. (v) There is a larger body temperature-skin temperature gradient in the IIIawarra Shorthorn.

Genetic variation of rectal temperature and its relationship to milk production in Holstein dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
S Khalajzade ◽  
N Emam Jomeh ◽  
A Salehi ◽  
A Moghimi Esfandabadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milk production is significantly decreased by thermal stress. The survival and performance of an animal during heat stress periods depend on several weather factors, especially temperature and humidity. Researchers reported dramatic decreases in milk production as temperature rose above 30 degree of centigrade. Very high environmental temperature is common during the summer months in Iran. Rectal temperature is as indicator of heat tolerance and has been the most frequently used physiological variable for estimating heat tolerance in cattle. Some dairy cows are more heat tolerant and productive when subjected to heat stress. Identification and selection of heat stress resistant cattle offers the potential to increase milk yield in tropical environment. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance and its relationship to milk production in Holstein Dairy Cows in Iran.

An experimental study of heat tolerance of cattle

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Temperature Responses

The ability of cattle to maintain a normal body temperature in a dry, hot, inland Australian environment is associated with their ability to dissipate excess heat from the body. A heat tolerance test, based on rectal temperature responses after exercise, is reported. This test indicates the animal's capacity to lose heat. Forty animals, classified on their coat covering, were included in the experiments described. The differences in coat covering are described and associated with differences in rectal temperature under various forms of heat stress. The results serve to illustrate the basic weaknesses of any field test (or hot-room test) which cannot be carried out under conditions where major factors influencing the "adaptability" and type of coat can be kept uniform for all animals tested.

scholarly journals Feeding systems and productive and physiological parameters of lambs raised under heat stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez-Carías ◽  
José Israel Suárez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jonathan Collazo ◽  
John Fernández-Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to determine physiological parameters (rectal temperature = RT, respiratory rate = RR, heart rate = HR) and production parameters (dry matter intake = DMI, water intake = WI, average daily weight gain = ADG, and feed conversion = FC) of crossbred and Katahdin lambs raised in rotational grazing of native pastures (NP) and in confinement under heat stress conditions. Nine crossbred lambs (average initial weight = 19.4 kg) were used and fed in a rotational grazing system for 70 days with occupation and rest periods of seven and 21 days, respectively. The lambs had daily access to the grazing area for four to six hours, grass hay and water ad libitum, a daily supplement of 100 g of commercial concentrate and a nutritional block. In the confined system, six lambs of the Katahdin breed (average initial weight = 27.3 kg) were used, and for 28 days these were fed total mixed rations (TMR) containing 30% grass hay, 15.4% soybean meal, 54.6% corn grain and a mineral block. The diet contained 14% Crude Protein (CP) and 66% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and was formulated for an ADG of 200 g. The offered and rejected feed was quantified every day [4% body weight (BW)/dry matter basis (DMB)] to determine the DMI, and the volume of water offered and rejected to determine WI. To validate the stress conditions, the maximum environmental temperature and relative humidity were monitored to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI), and the RT, HR and RR of the 15 lambs were determined. The lambs were weighed every seven days. In both experiments, the THI oscillated between 78 and 80. The lambs were under environmental heat stress conditions (THI x̅ = 79) during both studies. The averages of HR and RT in the grazing system were 118.0 beats per minute and 38.6° C, while the averages under the confinement system were 108.6 beats per minute and 39.4° C, respectively. The average RR (53.6 and 62.6 breaths per minute, in grazing and in confinement, respectively) was greater than the normal value considered for thermal comfort. Respiratory rate is the main mechanism used by lambs to dissipate heat. The heart rate also showed slightly higher values than those reported for animals in their comfort zone. However, the rectal temperature values were constant. As expected, crossbred lambs fed under grazing conditions with naturalized pastures (NP) had a low ADG (55.6 g). Nevertheless, Katahdin lambs fed in confinement with TMR had a DMI of 935.4 g/day (3.14% BW/DMB), a WI of 3.5 L/day, a FC of 4.74 and an ADG of 226.2 g. In conclusion, raising crossbred sheep in rotational grazing of NP without any type of agronomic management results in ADG that could not be considered viable in traditional production systems. The introduction of pure breeds and feeding them in confined systems with a TMR results in a pre-determined ADG (>200 g/day) and is an alternative that can be evaluated economically for its practical implementation.

Body temperature, respiration and pulse rate in Corriedale, Marwari and Magra sheep in the Rajasthan desert

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Western India ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
North Western ◽  
Local Stock

SUMMARYDuring summer the morning (08.00 h) to afternoon (15.00 h) increases in rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate of free grazing Marwari and Magra sheep (rams) of the desert areas of north-western India were compared with those of Corriedale rams, which are being imported into India to improve the productivity of local stock through cross-breeding. Basal (morning) values for all three measurements were similar in the three breeds. While the afternoon values in respect of all three characters were significantly higher than the morning values in all the breeds, the increases were greatest in the Corriedales.

Studies of rectal temperature, respiratory rates and heat tolerance in cattle in the humid tropics

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Amakiri ◽  
O. N. Funsho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTThe rectal temperature and respiratory rates of German Brown, Friesian, German Brown/Friesian crosses, N'Dama and German Brown/N'Dama (BN) crosses were studied with a view to establishing baseline data for cattle in the humid tropical environment of Nigeria.Mean morning (38·62°C) and late afternoon (39·19°C) rectal temperatures for the various breeds were found to differ significantly (P<0·01). However, general breed differences as well as differences between heifers, milking cows, bulls and calves were not significant. Respiratory rates (counts/min) were also significantly higher (P<0·01) in the afternoon than in the morning and appeared related to changes in atmospheric temperature and relative humidity. Breed differences in respiratory rates were also significant, being within the range 17 to 34 in N'Dama, 24 to 43 in BNs and 29 to 51 in the German Brown and Friesian.Heat tolerance indices were very high (89 to 91) for all the breeds studied but showed that the Friesian and German Brown were less heat tolerant than the BNs, and the N'Dama and White Fulani. The results indicate the need to consider diurnal changes in rectal temperature and respiratory rates in the use of these parameters for clinical diagnostic purposes.

Rectal temperature and respiratory rate as indicators of heat tolerance in cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Small Loss ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Degree Of Severity ◽  
Suitable Measure

1. Rectal temperatures and respiratory rates have been determined in four calves during 5 hr. exposures to ten different hot environments in a climatic room.2. Among the various parameters based on rectal temperature response, final rectal temperature proved the best for differentiating between the heat tolerance of individual animals. Under conditions of severe heat, where rectal temperature rose almost linearly with time of exposure, tolerance time proved equally suitable.3. Since initial rectal temperature tended to parallel final rectal temperature, the increase in rectal temperature during exposure did not vary significantly between the animals. Increase in rectal temperature was therefore considered a less suitable measure of heat tolerance.4. Both the lowest and the highest panting rate were associated with a low heat tolerance. From this, as well as from other observations and considerations, it was concluded that respiratory rate, either alone or in combination with rectal temperature, was an inadequate measure of heat tolerance.5. A state of high heat tolerance tended to be associated with only a small loss of body weight during exposure to heat, but showed no relation to body weight itself.6. The order of heat tolerance of the four animals was essentially the same in each of the ten hot environments investigated. It was inferred that within the range of temperatures employed in this study the degree of severity of the heat stress was not an important factor in the discrimination of heat tolerance.

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