Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to aquatic organisms under naturally varying and controlled environmental conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Hedtke ◽  
Corlis W. West ◽  
Kathleen N. Allen ◽  
Teresa J. Norberg-King ◽  
Donald I. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Aquatic Organisms

scholarly journals Morphometric differences of Spirlin, Alburnoides Bipunctatus Bloch 1782 from the Major Catchements of Transylvania

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor PĂPUC ◽  
Daniel COCAN ◽  
Călin LAŢIU ◽  
Paul UIUIU ◽  
Vioara MIREȘAN
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The University

Spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) is found in great numbers in most Transylvanian rivers. The species has an important role in the ecosystems in which it is found in terms of feeding and habitat occupation. The morphmetric characthers of this species vary between different habitats, outlining morphometric plasticity. Morphometric profiles were made for different populations of Spirlin, to evaluate differences in body shape. Considering that different environmental conditions influence the morphology of Spirlin populations, morphometric characteristics were determined. In order to assess differences in spirlin body shape, specimens from the four major Transylvanian catchments were collected by angling techniques. The specimens were preserved and transported to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, where morphometric measurements and weight determinations were conducted in the Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory. Spirlin from Mures, Somes, Cris and Viseu catchments were studied, as it follows: 21 specimens from Aries River (Mures catchment), 61 specimens from the river Crisul Repede (Cris catchment), 21 specimens from Somesul Mic River (Somes catchment) and 20 specimens from Viseu River. A number of 39 determinations were made. The obtained results reflect the morphometric differences among populations of Spirlin from some Transylvanian main rivers.

scholarly journals Repeated measurement of Mo2 in small aquatic organisms: a manual intermittent flow respirometer using off-the-shelf components

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-749
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Baker ◽  
Michael E. Hudson ◽  
Emily J. Frost ◽  
Mary A. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
The Face ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Measurement of rates of oxygen consumption ( Mo2) in small aquatic embryos or larvae (<1 mm) in response to altered environmental conditions has traditionally been challenging. Here, using modifications of a commercially available fluorescent optode flow-through cell (FTC; PreSens FTC-PSt3) and routine laboratory supplies (syringes, stopcocks, tubing), we have constructed a manual intermittent flow respirometer (MIFR) that allows measurement of Mo2 in small numbers of individuals when sequentially exposed to different environmental conditions (e.g., changes in seawater pH) through a gravity-driven media replacement perfusion system. We first show that the FTC can be used in “static” mode while incubating small numbers of embryos/larvae contained within the planar oxygen sensor (POS) chamber with Nitex filters. We then demonstrate the use of the MIFR by exposing larval echinoderms ( Fellaster zelandiae, Evechinus chloroticus, and Centrostephanus rodgersii) to seawater equilibrated with elevated CO2 and measured Mo2 during acute and chronic exposure to hypercapnia. This MIFR method will allow investigators to address questions regarding the respiratory physiology of small aquatic animals, such as the thresholds for metabolic depression in embryonic and larval forms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A manual intermittent flow respirometer (MIFR), allowing media exchange in a flow-through cell containing small aquatic organisms, permits repeated measurement of Mo2 of individuals not only in a single medium (e.g., technical replication), but also in different media (here, high CO2-equilibrated seawater), enabling measurement of acute physiological responses to changed conditions. This versatile technique has wide-ranging implications for the study of the Mo2 response of aquatic organisms in the face of climate change.

Chemical–environment interactions affecting the risk of impacts on aquatic organisms: A review with a Canadian perspective — interactions affecting exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (NA) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Couillard ◽  
Robie W. Macdonald ◽  
Simon C. Courtenay ◽  
Vince P. Palace
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Term Exposure

As a consequence of human activity, the variability and range of environmental conditions is increasing. We review how the interactions between toxic chemicals and environmental change may affect exposure of aquatic organisms to stressful conditions and therefore alter the risk of deleterious impacts. Even in the absence of new inputs of contaminants, changing environmental conditions alters the transport, transformation and distribution of contaminants and their bioavailability. Conversely, some toxic chemicals modify the exposure of aquatic species to other stressors by affecting species distribution, behaviour or habitat. Across Canada there are a number of specific examples where interactions between contaminants and environmental change are probably harming aquatic species. In the Arctic, change in foraging brought on by change in ice regime, is a plausible mechanism to explain the marked recent increase in mercury concentrations in Beaufort Sea beluga whales. On the Pacific coast, chemical exposure by itself or in combination with other environmental factors, is a leading suspect for altered migration timing of some salmon stocks in the Fraser River leading to massive pre-spawning mortality. In the North Atlantic, short-term exposure of Atlantic salmon to endocrine-disrupting substances in their freshwater natal environments later leads to detectable effects at the time of their migration to saltwater. In Alberta, biotic and abiotic characteristics of the habitat dramatically affect exposure pathways and the risk of toxic effects of selenium in early life stages of trout. A better understanding of the interactions between toxic chemicals and environmental factors is a fundamental requirement for efficient management and protection of aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA KELIMPAHAN MEROPLANKTON DENGAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN DI TELUK JAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Adriani Sri Nastiti ◽  
Masayu Rahmia Anwar Putri ◽  
Sri Turni Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Fish Eggs

Meroplankton adalah organisme akuatik yang sebagian dari daur hidupnya bersifat planktonik dan merupakan fase paling kritis karena belum dapat menghindar dari predator. Untuk tumbuh, meroplankton membutuhkan kualitas perairan yang sesuai dan kawasan yang terlindung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi kelimpahan meroplankton dan kualitas perairan di Teluk Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan April, Juni, Agustus dan Oktober 2009 (10 stasiun) serta April dan Juni 2010 (5 stasiun) dengan metode stratified sampling. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa meroplankton di Teluk Jakarta tahun 2009, 2010 terdiri dari 4 kelompok yaitu:ikan, telur, udang dan kepiting. Komposisi meroplankton di Teluk Jakarta pada tahun 2009 dan 2010 didominasi oleh larva udang masing-masing sebesar 56,17-90,40 % dan 72,1-75,5 %. Kelimpahan larva udang tahun 2014 lebih rendah dibanding tahun 2009-2010. Kelimpahan larva udang dipengaruhi oleh pH, salinitas, kecerahan dan suhu air.Meroplankton are aquatic organisms that part of their life cycles was planktonic that need appropriate environmental conditions and protected area for escaping from predators. The research aims to examine the composition and abundance of meroplankton in Jakarta Bay. Sampling was conducted in Jakarta Bay on April, June, August and October 2009 (10 stations) and April and June 2010 (5 stations). The samples of meroplankton collected by stratified sampling method. The results showed that meroplankton in Jakarta Bay in 2009, 2010 consists of 4 groups: fish, eggs, shrimp and crab. Composition meroplankton in Jakarta Bay in 2009 and 2010 was dominated by shrimp larvae by 56.17-90.40% and from 72.1-75.5% respectively. The abundance of shrimp larvae probably correlated with pH, salinity, terbudity and temperature of the water.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

The influence of external conditions on sound pressure in the pistonphone at the infrasound frequency range

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
A. V. Konkov ◽  
D. V. Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Numerical Estimations

The influence of environmental conditions on a sound pressure reproduced by the primary method in the measuring chambers of the Pistonphone in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 250 Hz is estimated. Numerical estimations of influence of environmental conditions on sound pressure in pistonphone measuring chambers are given and special requirements to system of maintenance of required external conditions are specified.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

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