BEWARE OF BEING UNAWARE: RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN CHRONIC ILLNESS IN THE USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinka Chatterji ◽  
Heesoo Joo ◽  
Kajal Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048006
Author(s):  
Zhaoying Xian ◽  
Anshul Saxena ◽  
Zulqarnain Javed ◽  
John E Jordan ◽  
Safa Alkarawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Population Proportion ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ObjectiveTo evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA.MethodsPublicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM.ResultsThe Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 158%, IQR 100%–200%). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 50%, IQR 25%–100%). The AA population had the most disproportionate mortality, with a median of 46% higher mortality than the % population proportion (median 46%, IQR 18%–66%). Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 was also seen in AI/AN and Asian populations, with 100% excess infections than the % population proportion seen in nine states for AI/AN and seven states for Asian populations. There was no disproportionate impact in the white population in any state.ConclusionsThere are racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection/mortality, with distinct state-wise patterns across the USA based on racial/ethnic composition. There were missing and inconsistently reported racial/ethnic data in many states. This underscores the need for standardised reporting, attention to specific regional patterns, adequate resource allocation and addressing the underlying social determinants of health adversely affecting chronically marginalised groups.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Opioid-Related Mortality in the USA, 1999–2019: the Extreme Case of Washington DC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew V. Kiang ◽  
Alexander C. Tsai ◽  
Monica J. Alexander ◽  
David H. Rehkopf ◽  
Sanjay Basu
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Related Mortality

scholarly journals Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in overweight self-perception among US adults, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2115-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A Langellier ◽  
Deborah Glik ◽  
Alexander N Ortega ◽  
Michael L Prelip
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
White Women ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveWeight self-perceptions, or how a person perceives his/her weight status, may affect weight outcomes. We use nationally representative data from 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 to examine racial/ethnic disparities in weight self-perceptions and understand how disparities have changed over time.DesignUsing data from two time periods, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008, we calculated descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression models and predicted probabilities to examine trends in weight self-perceptions among Whites, Blacks, US-born Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants to the USA.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2008).SubjectsAdult NHANES participants aged 18 years and older (n 37 050).ResultsThe likelihood of self-classifying as overweight declined between 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 among all US adults, despite significant increases in mean BMI and overweight prevalence. Trends in weight self-perceptions varied by gender and between racial/ethnic groups. Whites in both time periods were more likely than racial/ethnic minorities to perceive themselves as overweight. After adjustment for other factors, disparities in weight self-perceptions between Whites and Blacks of both genders grew between survey periods (P<0·05), but differences between overweight White women and Mexican immigrants decreased (P<0·05).ConclusionsWeight self-perceptions have changed during the obesity epidemic in the USA, but changes have not been consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Secular declines in the likelihood of self-classifying as overweight, particularly among Blacks, are troubling because weight self-perceptions may affect weight-loss efforts and obesity outcomes.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Incidence, Risk Factors, Health Care Utilization, and Outcomes in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina Seiler ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock ◽  
Luz M. Garcini ◽  
Diana A. Chirinos ◽  
Jeffrey Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Burden of HIV/Cervical Cancer Comorbidity and Related In-hospital Mortality in the USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisu Salihu ◽  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Chioma A. Ikedionwu ◽  
Andrea Shelton ◽  
China M. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Study finds racial/ethnic disparities in depressive trajectories among middle-aged or older adults

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liang ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
A. R. Quinones ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
W. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Racial Ethnic

1489-P: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Deaths Due to Diabetes, Diabetes Ketoacidosis, and Diabetic Coma among Those Aged 1-44 Years: 1999-2017, United States

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1489-P
Author(s):  
SHARON SHAYDAH ◽  
GIUSEPPINA IMPERATORE ◽  
CARLA MERCADO ◽  
KAI M. BULLARD ◽  
STEPHEN R. BENOIT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Diabetic Coma ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Association Between Out-Of-Pocket Costs, Race/Ethnicity, and Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Adherence Among Medicare Patients With Breast Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Farias ◽  
Xianglin L. Du
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Out Of Pocket Costs

Purpose Previous studies suggest that adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for patients with breast cancer is suboptimal, especially among minorities, and is associated with out-of-pocket medication costs. This study aimed to determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in 1-year adherence to AET and whether out-of-pocket costs explain the racial/ethnic disparities in adherence. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the SEER-Medicare linked database to identify patients ≥ 65 years of age with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who were enrolled in Medicare Part D from 2007 to 2009. The cohort included non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Out-of-pocket costs for AET medications were standardized for a 30-day supply. Adherence to tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and overall AET (tamoxifen or AIs) was assessed using the medication possession ratio (≥ 80%) during the 12-month period. Results Of 8,688 patients, 3,197 (36.8%) were nonadherent to AET. Out-of-pocket costs for AET medication were associated with lower adjusted odds of adherence for all four cost categories compared with the lowest category of ≤ $2.65 ( P < .01). In the univariable analysis, Hispanics had higher odds of adherence to any AET at initiation (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.57), and blacks had higher odds of adherence to AIs at initiation (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.54) compared with non-Hispanic whites. After adjusting for copayments, poverty status, and comorbidities, the association was no longer significant for Hispanics (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.17) or blacks (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.19). Blacks had significantly lower adjusted odds of adherence than non-Hispanic whites when they initiated AET therapy with tamoxifen (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.93) after adjusting for socioeconomic, clinic, and prognostic factors. Conclusion Racial/ethnic disparities in AET adherence were largely explained by women's differences in socioeconomic status and out-of-pocket medication costs.

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