scholarly journals Why most psychological research findings are not even wrong

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Scheel
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Findings

‘A Country Beyond the Pleasure Principle’: Alexander Luria, Death Drive and Dialectic in Soviet Russia, 1917–1930

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Pleasure Principle ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Lev Vygotsky ◽  
Soviet Russia

Alexander Luria played a prominent role in the psychoanalytic community that flourished briefly in Soviet Russia in the decade following the 1917 October Revolution. In 1925 he co-wrote an introduction to Sigmund Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle with Lev Vygotsky, which argued that the conservatism of the instincts that Freud described might be overcome through the kind of radical social transformation then taking place in Russia. In attempting to bypass the backward looking aspects of Freud's theory, however, Luria and Vygotsky also did away with the tension between Eros and the death drive; precisely the element of Freud's essay they praised for being ‘dialectical’. This article theoretically unpicks Luria and Vygotsky's critique of psychoanalysis. It concludes by considering their optimistic ideological argument against the death drive with Luria's contemporaneous psychological research findings, proposing that Freud's ostensibly conservative theory may not have been as antithetical to revolutionary goals as Luria and Vygotsky assumed.

Social Categories and Business Ethics

ruffin_darden ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 149-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Messick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
People Group ◽  
Ingroup Favoritism

In this article, I want to draw attention to one strand ofthe complex web of processes that are involved when people group others, including themselves, into social categories. I will focus on the tendency to treat members of one's own group more favorably than nonmembers, a tendency that has been called ingroup favoritism. The structure of the article has three parts. First I will offer anevolutionary argument as to why ingroup favoritism, or something very much like it, is required by theories of the evolution of altruism. I will then review some of the basic social psychological research findings dealing with social categorization generally, and ingroup favoritism specifically. Finally, I will examine two problems in business ethics from the point of view of ingroup favoritism to suggest ways in which social psychological principles and findings may be mobilized to help solve problems of racial or gender discrimination in business contexts.

scholarly journals Mistrust and misinformation: A two-component, socio-epistemic model of belief in conspiracy theories

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Biased Processing ◽  
Epistemic Model

Although conspiracy theories are endorsed by about half the population and occasionally turn out to be true, they are more typically false beliefs that, by definition, have a paranoid theme. Consequently, psychological research to date has focused on determining whether there are traits that account for belief in conspiracy theories (BCT) within a deficit model. Alternatively, a two-component, socio-epistemic model of BCT is proposed that seeks to account for the ubiquity of conspiracy theories, their variance along a continuum, and the inconsistency of research findings likening them to psychopathology. Within this model, epistemic mistrust is the core component underlying conspiracist ideation that manifests as the rejection of authoritative information, focuses the specificity of conspiracy theory beliefs, and can sometimes be understood as a sociocultural response to breaches of trust, inequities of power, and existing racial prejudices. Once voices of authority are negated due to mistrust, the resulting epistemic vacuum can send individuals “down the rabbit hole” looking for answers where they are vulnerable to the biased processing of information and misinformation within an increasingly “post-truth” world. The two-component, socio-epistemic model of BCT argues for mitigation strategies that address both mistrust and misinformation processing, with interventions for individuals, institutions of authority, and society as a whole.

Adult Learners

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learning ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Research Findings

Adult learning is described as learning undertaken by adults in natural educational settings as opposed to the experimental settings often undertaken in psychological research on learning. As such, the theory and research on adult learning referred to in this article primarily draws on applied educational research reported in adult education journals. Much of this research is informed by psychological and social research and theory, and this is acknowledged in each of six adult learning themes outlined in this article. These themes are self-directed learning, experience and learning, learning styles, the development of identity in the adult years, intellectual and cognitive development, and transformative learning. While these themes focus on adult learning in a general sense, our understanding of adult learning also needs to be seen in relation to the context in question; contexts such as health, the third age, indigenous knowledge, literacy and numeracy, the environment, disability, community education, gender equity, race, and migrant and refugee education. The literature on adult learning offers very few prescriptive bridges linking research, theory, and practice. This is partly because there are competing theories posing different questions and offering opposing interpretations of research findings, but it is also because the purpose and function of education and learning is a contested field. In these circumstances the best approach for practitioners is to interrogate and improve their practice through engaging with research findings, competing models, and competing theories. In this way they are aware of the variables at play and can formulate practices that are consistent with their educational aims and purposes. The link between research, theory and practice is conceptual rather than prescriptive, with practitioners interrogating and improving their practice by engaging with the issues and the competing claims of theory and research.

scholarly journals Passion in a Climate of Austerity: Young Men’s Perceptions of Education and Career Success in a Polarized Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 106082652092119
Author(s):  
Nitin Deckha
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Gender Achievement Gap ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Perceptions Of Education

This article explores young men’s educational experiences and career trajectories in the context of restrained public expenditure, neoliberal educational policies, tightening job opportunities, and growing concern of the gender achievement gap. Based on focus group research among young postsecondary-educated students in Ontario, Canada, this article reveals how young men, in particular, emphasize the importance of passion and purpose in creating successful selves and in navigating higher education. The author examines research findings through a transdisciplinary lens that juxtaposes psychological research on passion, management perspectives on success, economic studies on gender and the labor market, and critical perspectives of gendered subjectivities within the context of a declining manufacturing sector and a rising service-led knowledge economy to explore and analyze how young men construct their learner subjectivities. As such, these narratives should be read as the product of risk-taking, heroic, and self-confident self-entrepreneurship that necessarily involves self-regulation, introspection, diligence, and responsibility.

Development of the Motivation to Participate in Psychological Research Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Scott Freng
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Psychology Majors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Motivation To Participate

Abstract. In a series of four studies, I developed and found evidence supporting the validity of a new measure, the Motivation to Participate in Psychological Research Scale (MPPRS). Based upon the tenets of Self-Determination Theory and aimed at measuring motivation in undergraduate students, the scale demonstrated a three-factor structure in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (Study 1: N = 238, Study 2: N = 264, Study 3: N = 297). Factors corresponded to autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation. Preliminary evidence supported the validity of MPPRS scores, and subscales differentiated psychology majors from non-majors, as well as associated with the timing of research participation during the semester. Examining student motivation with the MPPRS has possible implications for data quality, as a moderator of research findings, and might be used to track changes in students’ interest regarding psychological research. However, future research is needed to assess the predictive validity of the MPPRS.

Narrative Approaches within a Social Psychology of Social Justice: The Potential Utility of Narrative Evidence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This chapter illustrates the utility of narrative approaches within the social psychological study of social justice. By providing an overview of narrative approaches within social psychology, the potential for narrative research to generate knowledge of interest to social justice researchers is highlighted. In efforts to further promote the utility of narrative approaches in social justice research, the concept of narrative evidence is introduced in order to encourage the translation of knowledge gained from social psychological research on social justice concerns into attempts to inform and provoke social change. An illustrative example is discussed drawn from the author’s own research. The work of translating narrative research findings into narrative evidence is an important next step within a social psychology of social justice that seeks to produce knowledge of social justice concerns and has the potential to inform and inspire social change efforts.

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