Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, Vitamin D Status, and Mineral Metabolism in Urban HIV-Positive South African Women Over 12 Months

AbstractObjectiveThe present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables.DesignBaseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ.SettingSoweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.SubjectsBlack, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV−; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75).ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV− and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall.ConclusionHIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection.

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BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND LIFETIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200105001-00092 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. S17

Author(s):

L K Micklesfield ◽

D Cooper ◽

M Hoffman ◽

A Kalla ◽

I Stander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

South African ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

African Women ◽

Mineral Density ◽

South African Women

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Vitamin D status and PTH in young men: a cross-sectional study on associations with bone mineral density, body composition and glucose metabolism

Clinical Endocrinology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03847.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 573-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

M. Frost ◽

B. Abrahamsen ◽

T.L. Nielsen ◽

C. Hagen ◽

M. Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional

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Bone Health, Body Composition, and Vitamin D Status of Black Preadolescent Children in South Africa

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1243

Author(s):

Zelda White ◽

Samantha White ◽

Tasneem Dalvie ◽

Marlena C. Kruger ◽

Amanda Van Zyl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

South African ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Health ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Z Score ◽

Mineral Density ◽

African Children ◽

South African Children

Optimal bone health is important in children to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Both body composition and vitamin D play an important role in bone health. This study aimed to describe bone health, body composition, and vitamin D status, and the relationship between these among a group of conveniently sampled black preadolescent South African children (n = 84) using a cross-sectional study. Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (n = 59) were assessed using dried blood spots. A quarter (25%) of children presented with low bone mass density for their chronological age (BMD Z-score < −2) and 7% with low BMC-for-age (BMC Z-score < −2), while only 34% of the children had sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL). Lean mass was the greatest body compositional determinant for variances observed in bone health measures. Body composition and bone health parameters were not significantly different across vitamin D status groups (p > 0.05), except for lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) (p < 0.01). No association was found between bone parameters at all sites and levels of 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). Further research, using larger representative samples of South African children including all race groups is needed before any conclusions and subsequent recommendation among this population group can be made.

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