scholarly journals Bone Health, Body Composition, and Vitamin D Status of Black Preadolescent Children in South Africa

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Zelda White ◽  
Samantha White ◽  
Tasneem Dalvie ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Amanda Van Zyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
African Children ◽  
South African Children

Optimal bone health is important in children to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Both body composition and vitamin D play an important role in bone health. This study aimed to describe bone health, body composition, and vitamin D status, and the relationship between these among a group of conveniently sampled black preadolescent South African children (n = 84) using a cross-sectional study. Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (n = 59) were assessed using dried blood spots. A quarter (25%) of children presented with low bone mass density for their chronological age (BMD Z-score < −2) and 7% with low BMC-for-age (BMC Z-score < −2), while only 34% of the children had sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL). Lean mass was the greatest body compositional determinant for variances observed in bone health measures. Body composition and bone health parameters were not significantly different across vitamin D status groups (p > 0.05), except for lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) (p < 0.01). No association was found between bone parameters at all sites and levels of 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). Further research, using larger representative samples of South African children including all race groups is needed before any conclusions and subsequent recommendation among this population group can be made.

scholarly journals Bone Health in Relation to Vitamin-D Status and Serum Adipokines in Obese Egyptian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1388
Author(s):  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Manal A. Shehata ◽  
Ghada M. El-Kassas ◽  
Hend H. Mostafa ◽  
Essam M. Galal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
The Impact

Childhood obesity has been linked to an increase in fracture risk, so the impact of obesity on bone metabolism is becoming a focus of attention to identify factors that may affect bone health in obese children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], adipokines and bone status in obese children. This case control study was executed in the Child Health Clinic in Medical and Scientific Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre (NRC), 100 obese and 80 non-obese age- and sex-matched children were enrolled in our study with mean age of (10.12±2.34 & 9.62±1.67 years) respectively. Anthropometric measurements, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and its Z-score, bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to body weight (kg), we also determined serum 25(OH) D, adiponectin, leptin and lipid profile. HOMA-IR was calculated to assess insulin resistance. It was found that BMC and BMD Z-score adjusted for weight were significantly lower in obese children as compared to controls (all p<0.05). Obese children had lower levels of 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01), while higher levels of leptin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) compared to controls (P<0.01). Both BMC and BMD Z-score showed positive association with 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01) and negative association with HOMA-IR, TG and TC (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was the most effective factor predicting BMD Z-score and BMC in obese children. It is concluded that, obesity is negatively related to bone health in childhood. Those obese children are at increased risk for vitamin D insufficiency, which shows an obvious relationship to lower bone mass, raising the question of supplementation to prevent the deleterious effect of its deficiency on bones and reducing future risk of fracture and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Bone Health Status of Malaysian Pre-adolescent Children in the PREBONE-kids Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yuan Chang ◽  
Kanimolli Arasu ◽  
Soon Yee Wong ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
Wai Yew Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Abstract Background: Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adolescent Malaysian children with habitually low calcium intakes and vitamin D status in Kuala Lumpur (PREBONE-Kids Study). Methods: Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcium intake was assessed using 1-week diet history, MET (metabolic equivalent of task) score using cPAQ questionnaire, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D using LC-MS/MS. Results: The mean calcium intake was 348.8 ± 180.1 mg/day and mean serum 25-OH vitamin D level was 43.9 ± 14.5nmol/L. In boys, lean mass (LM) was significantly associated with LSBMC (β = 0.539, p<0.001), LSBMD (β=0.607, p<0.001), TBBMC (β=0.675, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β= 0.481, p<0.01). Height was significantly associated with LSBMC (β =0.346, p<0.001) and TBBMC (β =0.282, p<0.001) while fat mass (FM) (β=0.261, p=0.034) and MET score (β =0.163, p=0.026) were significant predictors of TBBMD. Among girls, LM was significantly associated with LSBMC (β = 0.620, p<0.001), LSBMD (β=0.700, p<0.001), TBBMC (β=0.542, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β= 0.747, p<0.001). Calcium intake was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β=0.102, p=0.034), TBBMC (β=0.122, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β=0.196, p=0.002) in girls. Lean mass (LM) was weakly correlated with MET scores (r = 0.205, p = 0.001) but not protein (r = 0.055, p = 0.393) or energy intake (r = 0.101, p = 0.117). MET score (β = 0.207, p = 0.043) was a significant predictor of LM in boys but no factor was found to predict LM in girls. Conclusion: LM is the major determinant of BMC and BMD among pre-adolescent Malaysian children and physical activity is a significant predictor of LM in boys. Encouraging physical activity, calcium intake and optimum diets that build lean body mass should be the focus for developing public health guidance to ensure optimal bone health status during rapid growth.

scholarly journals Factors associated with bone health status of Malaysian pre-adolescent children in the PREBONE-Kids Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yuan Chang ◽  
Kanimolli Arasu ◽  
Soon Yee Wong ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
Wai Yew Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Abstract Background Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adolescent (N = 243) Malaysian children with habitually low calcium intakes and vitamin D status in Kuala Lumpur (PREBONE-Kids Study). Methods Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcium intake was assessed using 1-week diet history, MET (metabolic equivalent of task) score using cPAQ physical activity questionnaire, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D using LC-MS/MS. Results The mean calcium intake was 349 ± 180 mg/day and mean serum 25(OH)D level was 43.9 ± 14.5 nmol/L. In boys, lean mass (LM) was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.539, p < 0.001), LSBMD (β = 0.607, p < 0.001), TBBMC (β = 0.675, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.481, p < 0.01). Height was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.346, p < 0.001) and TBBMC (β = 0.282, p < 0.001) while fat mass (FM) (β = 0.261, p = 0.034) and physical activity measured as MET scores (β = 0.163, p = 0.026) were significant predictors of TBBMD in boys. Among girls, LM was also a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.620, p < 0.001), LSBMD (β = 0.700, p < 0.001), TBBMC (β = 0.542, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.747, p < 0.001). Calcium intake was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.102, p = 0.034), TBBMC (β = 0.122, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.196, p = 0.002) in girls. Conclusions LM was the major determinant of BMC and BMD among pre-adolescent Malaysian children alongside other modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity and calcium intake.

scholarly journals The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age—findings from the ROLO Kids Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco K. McVey ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Eileen C. O’Brien ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Mark T. Kilbane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD. Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status, bone mineral density and mental health in young Australian women: the Safe-D study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T. Callegari ◽  
Nicola Reavley ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
Alexandra Gorelik ◽  
John D. Wark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional

<em>Background</em>. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with both poor bone health and mental ill-health. More recently, a number of studies have found individuals with depressive symptoms tend to have reduced bone mineral density. To explore the interrelationships between vitamin D status, bone mineral density and mental-ill health we are assessing a range of clinical, behavioural and lifestyle factors in young women (Part A of the Safe-D study). <br /><em>Design and methods.</em> Part A of the Safe-D study is a cross-sectional study aiming to recruit 468 young females aged 16-25 years living in Victoria, Australia, through Facebook advertising. Participants are required to complete an extensive, online questionnaire, wear an ultra-violet dosimeter for 14 consecutive days and attend a study site visit. Outcome measures include areal bone mineral measures at the lumbar spine, total hip and whole body, as well as soft tissue composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Trabecular and cortical volumetric bone density at the tibia is measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Other tests include serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum biochemistry and a range of health markers. Details of mood disorder/s and depressive and anxiety symptoms are obtained by self-report. Cutaneous melanin density is measured by spectrophotometry. <br /><em>Expected impact.</em> The findings of this cross-sectional study will have implications for health promotion in young women and for clinical care of those with vitamin D deficiency and/or mental ill-health. Optimising both vitamin D status and mental health may protect against poor bone health and fractures in later life.

Inadequate vitamin D status adversely affects trabecular bone mineral density in 14-18 year old adolescents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn Smith ◽  
Laura Tripkovic ◽  
Camilla Damsgaard ◽  
Christian Molgaard ◽  
Aine Hennessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mineral Density
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document