DMP1
            Ablation in the Rabbit Results in Mineralization Defects and Abnormalities in Haversian Canal/Osteon Microarchitecture

Secondary osteons, the fundamental units of cortical bone, consist of cylindrical lamellar composites composed of mineralized collagen fibrils. Due to its lamellar structure, a multiscale knowledge of the mechanical properties of cortical bone is required to understand the biomechanical function of the tissue. In this light, nanoindentation tests were performed along the axial and transverse directions following a radial path from the Haversian canal to the osteonal edges. Different length scales are explored by means of indentations at different maximum penetration depths. Indentation moduli and hardness data were then interpreted in the context of the known microstructure. Results suggest that secondary osteons hierarchical structure is responsible for an observed length scale effect, homogenization phenomena and anisotropy of mechanical properties.

Download Full-text

VARIATIONS IN RATE OF HUMAN OSTEON FORMATION

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y63-003 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

Elias D. Sedlin ◽

Harold M. Frost

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Formation Time ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Cyclic Variation ◽

Minimum Diameter ◽

Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽

Elliptical Ring ◽

Average Formation

The authors' method depends on labelling in vivo the zone of demarcation of actively forming osteons by tetracycline antibiotics. The drugs, thus deposited in bone, are visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The label is a circular or elliptical ring whose diameter indicates the degree of completeness of the osteon at the time of drug administration. A histogram of the ring diameters therefore classifies labelled osteons as regards stage of completion at the time of drug administration. If an average formation time is assigned to osteons measured, conclusions relative to the rate of formation of the average osteon can be derived.In a histogram plotted from more than 900 labelled osteons in bones of three patients, most of the labels were concentrated in the inner half of the osteon. The authors conclude that osteon formation is initially rapid both in terms of cubic microns of bone formed in a unit time and in terms of decrease in diameter of the Haversian canal; it decreases with passage of time, and it ends with a critical minimum diameter of the Haversian canal. A 2-week cyclic variation in rate may be superimposed on the overall plot.

Download Full-text

Histomorphometric variance of haversian canal in cortical bone of Malaysian ethnic groups

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1019 ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

Hadi Abdullah ◽

Muhammad Mahadi Abdul Jamil ◽

Faridah Mohd Nor

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Haversian Canal

Download Full-text

Network architecture strongly influences the fluid flow pattern through the lacunocanalicular network in human osteons

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology ◽

10.1007/s10237-019-01250-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 823-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexander F. van Tol ◽

A. Roschger ◽

F. Repp ◽

J. Chen ◽

P. Roschger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Path Length ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Computational Techniques ◽

Structural Parameter ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Intrinsic Permeability ◽

Flow Through

AbstractA popular hypothesis explains the mechanosensitivity of bone due to osteocytes sensing the load-induced flow of interstitial fluid squeezed through the lacunocanalicular network (LCN). However, the way in which the intricate structure of the LCN influences fluid flow through the network is largely unexplored. We therefore aimed to quantify fluid flow through real LCNs from human osteons using a combination of experimental and computational techniques. Bone samples were stained with rhodamine to image the LCN with 3D confocal microscopy. Image analysis was then performed to convert image stacks into mathematical network structures, in order to estimate the intrinsic permeability of the osteons as well as the load-induced fluid flow using hydraulic circuit theory. Fluid flow was studied in both ordinary osteons with a rather homogeneous LCN as well as a frequent subtype of osteons—so-called osteon-in-osteons—which are characterized by a ring-like zone of low network connectivity between the inner and the outer parts of these osteons. We analyzed 8 ordinary osteons and 9 osteon-in-osteons from the femur midshaft of a 57-year-old woman without any known disease. While the intrinsic permeability was 2.7 times smaller in osteon-in-osteons compared to ordinary osteons, the load-induced fluid velocity was 2.3 times higher. This increased fluid velocity in osteon-in-osteons can be explained by the longer path length, needed to cross the osteon from the cement line to the Haversian canal, including more fluid-filled lacunae and canaliculi. This explanation was corroborated by the observation that a purely structural parameter—the mean path length to the Haversian canal—is an excellent predictor for the average fluid flow velocity. We conclude that osteon-in-osteons may be particularly significant contributors to the mechanosensitivity of cortical bone, due to the higher fluid flow in this type of osteons.

Download Full-text

Repairing the Dog's Femoral Defect with the Autologous Osteoblast Integrated the Nano-Calcium Phosphate/Zirconia Scaffold

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1662 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 1662-1665

Author(s):

Guo Hua Xu ◽

Xiao Jian Ye ◽

Wen Yuan ◽

Shu Cai ◽

Jian Gang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancellous Bone ◽

Calcium Phosphates ◽

Strength Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Artificial Bone ◽

Simple Material ◽

Femoral Defect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Defect Repair

In this paper, we study the effect of repairing the dog's femoral defects with the artificial bone integrating the nano-calcium phosphates/zirconia porous artificial bone scaffold with the autologous osteoblasts. We transplanted the artificial bone to the femoral defect of the dog, and at the same time, simple scaffold and the autologous cancellous bone were implanted as the control group. 3 months after the transplantation, the specimen was taken out with complete integration with the bone in these 3 groups and the bone defect got the complete bone union. The mechanics strength test showed that the group of the artificial bone was the strongest, followed by the cancellous bone group, and the simple material group was lower, but the strength was stronger than that before the transplantation. In the sixth month, the complete femoral defect repair was found in each group and the complete formation of the Haversian canal can be found on the histology examination. According to the mechanics strength test, there was no significant difference (P<0.05).

Download Full-text

Orientation and size-dependent mechanical modulation within individual secondary osteons in cortical bone tissue

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2012.0953 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (81) ◽

pp. 20120953 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Davide Carnelli ◽

Pasquale Vena ◽

Ming Dao ◽

Christine Ortiz ◽

Roberto Contro

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Long Bone ◽

Periodic Pattern ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Length Scale ◽

Lamellar Bone ◽

Mechanical Modulation ◽

Secondary Osteons

Anisotropy is one of the most peculiar aspects of cortical bone mechanics; however, its anisotropic mechanical behaviour should be treated only with strict relationship to the length scale of investigation. In this study, we focus on quantifying the orientation and size dependence of the spatial mechanical modulation in individual secondary osteons of bovine cortical bone using nanoindentation. Tests were performed on the same osteonal structure in the axial (along the long bone axis) and transverse (normal to the long bone axis) directions along arrays going radially out from the Haversian canal at four different maximum depths on three secondary osteons. Results clearly show a periodic pattern of stiffness with spatial distance across the osteon. The effect of length scale on lamellar bone anisotropy and the critical length at which homogenization of the mechanical properties occurs were determined. Further, a laminate-composite-based analytical model was applied to the stiffness trends obtained at the highest spatial resolution to evaluate the elastic constants for a sub-layer of mineralized collagen fibrils within an osteonal lamella on the basis of the spatial arrangement of the fibrils. The hierarchical arrangement of lamellar bone is found to be a major determinant for modulation of mechanical properties and anisotropic mechanical behaviour of the tissue.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Nano Composite Porous 3D Scaffold of Crab Shell and Al-Kharit Histological and Radiological for Bone Repair in Vivo

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v44i2.973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 15-24

Author(s):

Saad H. Zebon

Keyword(s):

Bone Repair ◽

Healing Process ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Crab Shell ◽

3D Scaffold ◽

Nano Composite ◽

Large Bone

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of scaffold fabricated from Nano crab shell and Al-kharit (Papyrus Vaccine) for enhancing the healing of the experimentally induced bone defect in dogs. For this purpose, twenty healthy adult mongrel dogs were used in this study which divided randomly into two equal groups, under general anesthesia, 1 cm bone gap was created in the distal part of the tibia, that fixed by bone plate and screws. Nano crab shell scaffold was implanted. All experimental animals showed normal situation without any infection at the site of operation, while the radiography showed a periosteal and endosteal reaction. Moreover, the gaps were bridged faster in the treated group as compared with the control group. Treated animals showed new bone formation which represented by obvious lamellar bone, haversian canal and osteocyte cells in 90 days. In conclusion, the Nano crab shell scaffold gave better acceleration in the bone healing process, also this scaffolds may provide insight into the clinical repair of large bone defects

Download Full-text

HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF AGE FROM BONE SAMPLES OF NIGERIANS

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2020.2.11414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

C. D. Orupabo ◽

L. E. Oghenemavwe ◽

T. E. Diamond

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Canal Diameter ◽

Bone Fragments ◽

Bivariate Regression ◽

The Mean ◽

Secondary Osteons ◽

Strong Inverse Relationship

Background. Age estimation is crucial in creating the biological profile of unknown skeletal remains and recently there is emphasis on the need to develop population specific forensic baseline data for easy identification of these remains. Objective. The aim of this study is to estimate age from the histomorphometric features of the bones of Nigerians. Methods. Fragments of non-pathologic bone samples were collected during orthopaedic procedures. Ground sections were prepared using Modified Frost’s manual method of bone preparation to determine the following histologic parameters; haversian canal diameter (HCD), primary and secondary osteons, number of osteon fragments and non-haversian canal as well as haversian canal area (HCA). 29 subjects aged 35 to 85 years old were used for the study. Bone fragments included samples from the femur, tibia, humerus, and the vertebrae. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, bivariate regression equation, Student t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. The mean age for our population was 58.86 years old. ANOVA showed significant variation in the average HCD for the various regions: humerus=8.45±2.48, femur=7.09±4.06, tibia=8.70±2.52 and vertebrae=3.69±0.73. There was a strong inverse relationship between age and primary osteons. The total number of osteon fragments increased with age while total number of primary osteons and average HCD decreased with age. The HCA, though statistically insignificant, also decreased with age. Conclusion. Our findings show that three histomorphometric parameters showed significant correlation with age: osteon fragments (OS-f), primary osteons (OS-p) and HCD. The histomorphometric parameters were therefore relevant in age estimation. Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate age from the histologic features of the bones of Nigerians. Methods: Fragments of non-pathologic bone samples were collected during orthopaedic procedures. Ground sections were prepared using Modified Frost’s manual method of bone preparation to determine the following histologic parameters; haversian canal diameter (HCD), primary and secondary osteons, number of osteon fragments and non haversian canal as well as haversian canal area (HCA). 29 subjects aged 35 to 85 years were used for the study. Bone fragments included samples from the femur, tibia, humerus, and the vertebrae. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, bivariate regression equation, student t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age for our population was 58.86 years. ANOVA shows significant variation in the average HCD for the various regions: humerus=8.45±2.48, femur=7.09±4.06, tibia=8.70±2.52 and vertebrae=3.69±0.73. There is a strong inverse relationship between age and primary osteons. The total number of osteon fragments increased with age while total number of primary osteons and average HCD decreased with age. The HCA though statistically insignificant, also decreased with age. Conclusion: Our findings show that three histomorphometric parameters showed significant correlation with age: osteon fragments (OS-f), primary osteons (OS-p) and HCD. The histomorphometric parameters are therefore relevant in age estimation. Key words: Age estimation, Histomorphometric parameters, Nigerians, Forensics

Download Full-text

Transversely Isotropic Model of Osteonal Cortical Bone: Contribution of Haversian and Resorptive Porosity

10.1115/imece1999-0438 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

X. Neil Dong ◽

Y. Young Huang ◽

X. Edward Guo

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Transversely Isotropic ◽

The Elderly ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Isotropic Model ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Men And Women ◽

Age Related ◽

Osteoclastic Resorption ◽

Old Men

Abstract Age related changes in porosity of cortical bone have been previously reported. The cortical porosity increases with age in both men and women, from 4.6% in men and 4% in women at age 40 to 10% and more at age 80 (Laval-Jeantet et al., 1983). The porosity is defined as the percentage of cortical bone occupied by vascular and resorption cavities. There are a few quantitative data regarding the influences of Haversian canal and resorption space on porosity. Age related increases in Haversian canal size and Haversian canal number contribute to the increasing porosity of cortical bone for the elderly men and women (Thompson, 1980; Nyssen-behets et al., 1997). The number of osteoclastic resorption space is also greater in the old men than in the young men (Nyssen-Behets et al., 1997).

Download Full-text

Numerical Simulation of Streaming Potentials Due to Deformation-Induced Hierarchical Flows in Cortical Bone

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1336796 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 66-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. F. T. Mak ◽

J. D. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Bone Remodeling ◽

Streaming Potential ◽

Fluid Flows ◽

Haversian Canal ◽

Disuse Atrophy ◽

Element Discretization ◽

Streaming Potentials ◽

Flow Channels ◽

The Matrix ◽

Correct Understanding

Bone is a very dynamic tissue capable of modifying its composition, microstructure, and overall geometry in response to the changing biomechanical needs. Streaming potential has been hypothesized as a mechanotransduction mechanism that may allow osteocytes to sense their biomechanical environment. A correct understanding of the mechanism for streaming potential will illuminate our understanding of bone remodeling, such as the remodeling associated with exercise hypertrophy, disuse atrophy, and the bone remodeling around implants. In the current research, a numerical model based on the finite element discretization is proposed to simulate the fluid flows through the complicated hierarchical flow system and to calculate the concomitant stress generated potential (SGP) as a result of applied mechanical loading. The lacunae–canaliculi and the matrix microporosity are modeled together as discrete one-dimensional flow channels superposed in a biphasic poroelastic matrix. The cusplike electric potential distribution surrounding the Haversian canal that was experimentally observed and reported in the literature earlier was successfully reproduced by the current numerical calculation.

Download Full-text