Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism inArtemia cysts. VIII. Sorption isotherms and derived thermodynamic quantities

1978 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities

The sorption of krypton and xenon in zeolites at high pressures and temperatures II. Comparison and analysis

1972 ◽  
Vol 326 (1566) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
High Pressures And Temperatures ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure ◽  
Gas Pressures

Absolute and Gibbs excess sorption isotherms of Kr and Xe have been measured at a range of temperatures between 0 and 450 °C and at high pressures in zeolites X and Y (near-faujasites); zeolite A; H-Zeolon and Na-Zeolon (near mordenites); chabazite; and an active carbon, to compare their efficiencies in reducing the rare gas pressures in high-temperature, high-pressure systems. At 450 °C the best sorbents for the purpose were chabazite and the carbon. The isotherms have been analysed to give distribution equilibrium constants for absolute sorption and associated standard thermodynamic quantities (Δ A ⊖ , Δ E ⊖ and Δ S ⊖ ). Isosteric heats have been derived and compared as functions of amount sorbed both for absolute and for Gibbs excess uptakes. These heats differ substantially for larger uptakes, but converge as the uptake decreases. Differential entropies of the intracrystalline rare gas have been calculated for absolute sorption. They decline monotonically with amount sorbed and have temperature coefficients which appear not very different from values expected for classical oscillators.

The Influence of Disintegration of Hard Coal Varieties of Different Metamorphism Grade on the Amount of Sorbed Ethane / Wpływ rozdrobnienia odmian węgla kamiennego o różnym stopniu metamorfizmu na ilości sorbowanego etanu

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Żyła ◽  
Agnieszka Dudzińska ◽  
Janusz Cygankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Surface ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Ethane constitutes an explosive gas. It most often accompanies methane realizing during exploitation and mining works. In this paper the results of ethane sorption have been discussed on three grain classes of six selected hard coal samples collected from active Polish coalmines. On the basis of obtained results, it has been stated that the tested hard coals prove differentiated sorption power with reference to ethane. Te extreme amount of ethane is sorbed by low carbonized hard coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine. This sort of coal shows great porosity, and great content of oxygen and moisture. The least amount of ethane is sorbed by hard coal from “Sośnica” coalmine. This sort of coal possesses relatively a great deal of ash contents. Together with the process of coal disintegration, the amount of sorbed ethane increases for all tested coal samples. Between tested coals there are three medium carbonized samples collected from “Pniówek”, “Chwałowice” “Zofiówka” coalmines which are characterized by small surface values counted according to model BET from nitrogen sorption isotherms determined at the temperature of 77.5 K. The samples of these three coals prove the highest, from between tested coals, increase of ethane sorption occurring together with their disintegration. These samples disintegrated to 0,063-0,075 mm grain class sorb ethane in the amount corresponding with the sorption quantity of low carbonized coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine in 0.5-0.7 mm grain class. It should be marked that the low carbonized samples collected from “Jaworzno” and Wesoła” coalmines possess large specific surface and great porosity and belong to coal group of “loose” spatial structure. Regarding profusion of sorbed ethane on disintegrated medium carbonized samples from “Pniówek”, “Zofiówka”, “Chwałowice” coalmines it can be supposed that in the process of coal disintegration, breaking their “compact’ structure occurs. Loosened structure of medium carbonized coals results in increasing accessibility of ethane particles to sorption centres both electron donors and electron acceptors which are present on hard coal surface. The surface sorption centre increase may result in formation a compact layer of ethane particles on coal surface. In the formed layer, not only the strengths of vertical binding of ethane particles with the coal surface appear but also the impact of horizontal strengths appears which forms a compact layer of sorbed ethane particles. The surface layer of ethane particles may lead to explosion.

The Influences of the Rank of Coal on Methane Sorption Capacity in Coals/Wpływ Rzędu Węgla Na Pojemność Sorpcyjną Metanu W Węglach

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
Andrzej Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Methane Sorption ◽  
Indian Coals

Abstract Methane sorption capacity is of significance in the issues of coalbed methane (CBM) and depends on various parameters, including mainly, on rank of coal and the maceral content in coals. However, in some of the World coals basins the influences of those parameters on methane sorption capacity is various and sometimes complicated. Usually the rank of coal is expressed by its vitrinite reflectance Ro. Moreover, in coals for which there is a high correlation between vitrinite reflectance and volatile matter Vdaf the rank of coal may also be represented by Vdaf. The influence of the rank of coal on methane sorption capacity for Polish coals is not well understood, hence the examination in the presented paper was undertaken. For the purpose of analysis there were chosen fourteen samples of hard coal originating from the Upper Silesian Basin and Lower Silesian Basin. The scope of the sorption capacity is: 15-42 cm3/g and the scope of vitrinite reflectance: 0,6-2,2%. Majority of those coals were of low rank, high volatile matter (HV), some were of middle rank, middle volatile matter (MV) and among them there was a small number of high rank, low volatile matter (LV) coals. The analysis was conducted on the basis of available from the literature results of research of petrographic composition and methane sorption isotherms. Some of those samples were in the form (shape) of grains and others - as cut out plates of coal. The high pressure isotherms previously obtained in the cited studies were analyzed here for the purpose of establishing their sorption capacity on the basis of Langmuire equation. As a result of this paper, it turned out that for low rank, HV coals the Langmuire volume VL slightly decreases with the increase of rank, reaching its minimum for the middle rank (MV) coal and then increases with the rise of the rank (LV). From the graphic illustrations presented with respect to this relation follows the similarity to the Indian coals and partially to the Australian coals.

Targeting IDH Mutations in AML: Wielding the Double-edged Sword of Differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Becker ◽  
Amir T. Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Structure ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
New Class ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Idh Mutations ◽  
Genomic Characterization

The genomic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by DNA sequencing has illuminated subclasses of the disease, with distinct driver mutations, that might be responsive to targeted therapies. Approximately 15-23% of AML genomes harbor mutations in one of two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2). These enzymes are constitutive mediators of basic cellular metabolism, but their mutated forms in cancer synthesize an abnormal metabolite, 2- hydroxyglutarate, that in turn acts as a competitive inhibitor of multiple gene regulatory enzymes. As a result, leukemic IDH mutations cause changes in genome structure and gene activity, culminating in an arrest of normal myeloid differentiation. These discoveries have motivated the development of a new class of selective small molecules with the ability to inhibit the mutant IDH enzymes while sparing normal cellular metabolism. These agents have shown promising anti-leukemic activity in animal models and early clinical trials, and are now entering Phase 3 study. This review will focus on the growing preclinical and clinical data evaluating IDH inhibitors for the treatment of IDH-mutated AML. These data suggest that inducing cellular differentiation is central to the mechanism of clinical efficacy for IDH inhibitors, while also mediating toxicity for patients who experience IDH Differentiation Syndrome. Ongoing trials are studying the efficacy of IDH inhibitors in combination with other AML therapies, both to evaluate potential synergistic combinations as well as to identify the appropriate place for IDH inhibitors within existing standard-of-care regimens.

System of thermodynamic quantities in the McMillan-Mayer solution theory

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilém Kodýtek
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Solution Theory ◽  
Pure Solvent ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

The McMillan-Mayer (MM) free energy per unit volume of solution AMM, is employed as a generating function of the MM system of thermodynamic quantities for solutions in the state of osmotic equilibrium with pure solvent. This system can be defined by replacing the quantities G, T, P, and m in the definition of the Lewis-Randall (LR) system by AMM, T, P0, and c (P0 being the pure solvent pressure). Following this way the LR to MM conversion relations for the first derivatives of the free energy are obtained in a simple form. New relations are derived for its second derivatives.

Interpretation of Preferential Adsorption Using Random Phase Approximation Theory

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1641-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri C. Benoît ◽  
Claude Strazielle
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Theory ◽  
Random Phase Approximation ◽  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Random Phase ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Gyration Radius ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Phase Approximation ◽  
Preferential Adsorption

It has been shown that in light scattering experiments with polymers replacement of a solvent by a solvent mixture causes problems due to preferential adsorption of one of the solvents. The present paper extends this theory to be applicable to any angle of observation and any concentration by using the random phase approximation theory proposed by de Gennes. The corresponding formulas provide expressions for molecular weight, gyration radius, and the second virial coefficient, which enables measurements of these quantities provided enough information on molecular and thermodynamic quantities is available.

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