Discovering innate immunity genes using differential display: A story of RNA helicases

2006 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida G. Ramirez-Ortiz ◽  
Rajas V. Warke ◽  
Laura Pacheco ◽  
Kris Xhaja ◽  
Devanand Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Differential Display ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Immunity Genes

Assessment of Key Elements in the Innate Immunity System Among Patients with HIV, HCV, and Coinfections of HIV/HCV

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Maryam Moradi ◽  
Alireza Tabibzadeh ◽  
Davod Javanmard ◽  
Saied Ghorbani ◽  
Farah Bokharaei-Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Hcv Coinfection

Background: Coinfection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a higher risk of mortality than HCV or HIV monoinfection. HCV and HIV infections are specified by systemic inflammation, but the inflammation process in HCV/HIV coinfection is much complicated and is not well characterized. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of TLR-3, TLR-7, IL-10, IFN-1 (IFN-α, IFN-β), and TNF-α in HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Methods: Forty-five patients including HIV group (n=15), HCV group (n=15), HIV/HCV coinfection group (n=15) and healthy control group (n=15) participated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained. PBMC-RNA, HCV and HIV RNA were extracted from all subjects and cDNA was synthesized. The viral load analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the expression levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, TLR-3, TLR-7, TNF, and IL-10 mRNA were quantified in PBMCs. Results: The levels of IFN-I, IL-10, and TNF-α were overexpressed in all patients’ groups (P<0.05), TLR-7 was upregulated in all groups, but this upregulation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). TLR-3 showed a decrease in all patient groups (P<0.05). The statistical analysis demonstrated that TLR-3 has a negative correlation with HIV load, whereas other genes positively correlated with HIV load. In addition, TLR-3, TNF-α, and IFN-I were negatively correlated with HCV load, whereas TLR-7 and IL-10 s were positively correlated with HCV load. Conclusion: Our results showed a significant relationship between the expression level of innate immunity genes and inflammation in HCV, HIV, and HIV/HCV coinfected patients.

scholarly journals Identification of innate immunity genes and pathways using a comparative genomics approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (19) ◽  
pp. 7016-7021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alper ◽  
R. Laws ◽  
B. Lackford ◽  
W. A. Boyd ◽  
P. Dunlap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Immunity Genes

scholarly journals Virulent Shigella flexneri subverts the host innate immune response through manipulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression

2008 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Sperandio ◽  
Béatrice Regnault ◽  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Samuel L. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Cationic Peptides ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Peptide Gene

Antimicrobial factors are efficient defense components of the innate immunity, playing a crucial role in the intestinal homeostasis and protection against pathogens. In this study, we report that upon infection of polarized human intestinal cells in vitro, virulent Shigella flexneri suppress transcription of several genes encoding antimicrobial cationic peptides, particularly the human β-defensin hBD-3, which we show to be especially active against S. flexneri. This is an example of targeted survival strategy. We also identify the MxiE bacterial regulator, which controls a regulon encompassing a set of virulence plasmid-encoded effectors injected into host cells and regulating innate signaling, as being responsible for this dedicated regulatory process. In vivo, in a model of human intestinal xenotransplant, we confirm at the transcriptional and translational level, the presence of a dedicated MxiE-dependent system allowing S. flexneri to suppress expression of antimicrobial cationic peptides and promoting its deeper progression toward intestinal crypts. We demonstrate that this system is also able to down-regulate additional innate immunity genes, such as the chemokine CCL20 gene, leading to compromised recruitment of dendritic cells to the lamina propria of infected tissues. Thus, S. flexneri has developed a dedicated strategy to weaken the innate immunity to manage its survival and colonization ability in the intestine.

scholarly journals Prediction of sepsis-related outcomes in neonates through systematic genotyping of polymorphisms in genes for innate immunity and inflammation: a narrative review and critical perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Kilesse Carvalho ◽  
Daniella Batalha Moore ◽  
Ricardo Alves Luz ◽  
Pedro Paulo Xavier-Elsas ◽  
Maria Ignez Capella Gaspar-Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Hemostatic Factors ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
The Impact

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Neonatal sepsis is associated with premature birth and maternal infection. Large-scale studies seek to define markers that identify neonates at risk of developing sepsis. Here, we examine whether the scientific evidence supports systematic use of polymorphism genotyping in cytokine and innate immunity genes, to identify neonates at increased risk of sepsis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative literature review conducted at Fernandes Figueira Institute, Brazil. METHODS: The literature was searched in PubMed, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Cochrane Library. From > 400,000 references, 548 were retrieved based on inclusion/exclusion criteria; 22 were selected for detailed analysis after quality assessment. RESULTS: The studies retrieved addressed the impact of gene polymorphisms relating to immune mechanisms (most often TNF-a, LT-a, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1ra, L-selectin, CD14 and MBL) or inflammatory mechanisms (ACE and angiotensin II receptors; secretory PLA2; and hemostatic factors). Despite initial reports suggesting positive associations between specific polymorphisms and increased risk of sepsis, the accumulated evidence has not confirmed that any of them have predictive power to justify systematic genotyping. CONCLUSIONS: Sepsis prediction through systematic genotyping needs to be reevaluated, based on studies that demonstrate the functional impact of gene polymorphisms and epidemiological differences among ethnically distinct populations.

scholarly journals Variation in innate immunity genes and risk of multiple myeloma

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Purdue ◽  
Qing Lan ◽  
Idan Menashe ◽  
Tongzhang Zheng ◽  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immunity Genes

Temporal changes in postprandial blood transcriptomes reveal subject-specific pattern of expression of innate immunity genes after a high-fat meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 108209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle G Lemay ◽  
Shurong Huang ◽  
Liping Huang ◽  
Zeynep Alkan ◽  
Catherine Kirschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Fat Meal

scholarly journals Expression of Innate Immunity Genes in Epithelial Cells of Hypertrophic Adenoids with and without Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (21) ◽  
pp. 2913-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Peng Qu ◽  
Zhen-Xiao Huang ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
Shun-Jiu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Immunity Genes

RIG-I family RNA helicases: Cytoplasmic sensor for antiviral innate immunity

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Yoneyama ◽  
Takashi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Antiviral Innate Immunity

scholarly journals Still Enigmatic: Innate Immunity in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Traylor-Knowles ◽  
Lauren E Vandepas ◽  
William E Browne
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Review Current

Abstract Innate immunity is an ancient physiological response critical for protecting metazoans from invading pathogens. It is the primary pathogen defense mechanism among invertebrates. While innate immunity has been studied extensively in diverse invertebrate taxa, including mollusks, crustaceans, and cnidarians, this system has not been well characterized in ctenophores. The ctenophores comprise an exclusively marine, non-bilaterian lineage that diverged early during metazoan diversification. The phylogenetic position of ctenophore lineage suggests that characterization of the ctenophore innate immune system will reveal important features associated with the early evolution of the metazoan innate immune system. Here, we review current understanding of the ctenophore immune repertoire and identify innate immunity genes recovered from three ctenophore species. We also isolate and characterize Mnemiopsis leidyi cells that display macrophage-like behavior when challenged with bacteria. Our results indicate that ctenophores possess cells capable of phagocytosing microbes and that two distantly related ctenophores, M. leidyi and Hormiphora californiensis, possess many candidate innate immunity proteins.

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