Galectin‐10, the protein that forms Charcot‐Leyden crystals, is not stored in granules but resides in the peripheral cytoplasm of human eosinophils

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana C. N. Melo ◽  
Haibin Wang ◽  
Thiago P. Silva ◽  
Yoshimasa Imoto ◽  
Shigeharu Fujieda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Qualitative study on “hydropic degeneration” of The hepatocytes in viral hepatitis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Le Meizhao ◽  
Ye Ming ◽  
Song Xiaoming ◽  
Xu Jiazhang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Active Hepatitis ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Light Microscopic Observation ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Endoplasm Reticulum ◽  
Mixed Fluid ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

“Hydropic degeneration” of the hepatocytes are often found in biopsy of the liver of some kinds of viral hepatitis. Light microscopic observation, compareted with the normal hepatocytes, they are enlarged, sometimes to a marked degree when the term “balloning” degeneration is used. Their cytoplasm rarefied, and show some clearness in the peripheral cytoplasm, so, it causes a hydropic appearance, the cytoplasm around the nuclei is granulated. Up to the present, many studies belive that main ultrastructural chenges of hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes are results of the RER cristae dilatation with degranulation and disappearance of glycogen granules.The specimens of this study are fixed with the mixed fluid of the osmium acidpotassium of ferricyanide, Epon-812 embed. We have observed 21 cases of biopsy specimens with chronic severe hepatitis and severe chronic active hepatitis, and found that the clear fields in the cytoplasm actually are a accumulating place of massive glycogen. The granules around the nuclei are converging mitochondria, endoplasm reticulum and other organelles.

Zoospore ultrastructure in the genus Rhizophydium (Chytridiales)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 2380-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. S. Barr ◽  
V. E. Hadland-Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Lipid Globule ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Compact Cluster ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

The zoospore ultrastructure of 12 species of Rhizophydium is described. Species include the following: R. chlorogonii (Serbinow) Jaczewski; R. constantineani Saccardo; R. haynaldii (Schaarschmidt) Fischer; R. capillaceum Barr; two morphologically and cytologically different species, each previously identified as R. sphaerotheca Zopf; R. patellarium Scholz; R. biporosum (Couch) Barr; R. subangulosum (Braun) Rabenhorst; R. laterale (Braun) Rabenhorst; R. sphaerocarpum (Zopf) Fischer var. spirogyrae Barr; and two isolates of R. pollinis-pini (Braun) Zopf. The Rhizophydium zoospore is basically similar to the Chytridium zoospore having (1) the nucleus, a compact cluster of ribosomes, one or more mitochondria, and a microbody – lipid globule complex compartmentalized into the core of the zoospore by a double membrane system and (2) two to five microtubules connecting one side of the kinetosome to the rumposome on the lipid globule surface and thus anchoring the lipid globule in a lateral–posterior position in the zoospore. Rhizophydium patellarium does not have kinetosome-associated microtubules or a rumposome but does have the membrane-bound core area. In all species, a microbody and mitochondrion are associated with the lipid globule. The number of mitochondria varies from 1 in some species to several or to over 30 in other species. In one isolate of R. pollinis-pini, there is 1 large mitochondrion and in the other there were 30–35 small mitochondria. The peripheral cytoplasm of all species contains clusters of vesicles or endoplasmic reticulum which bud from the double membrane system, vesicles of moderate electron density, and vacuoles of various sizes; R. capillaceum, R. patellarium, and R. subangulosum have in addition vesicles which contain very electron-dense material. Rhizophydium capillaceum and R. sphaerocarpum zoospores have virus-like particles and the R. biporosum zoospore contains a paracrystalline body. The taxonomic significance of the observations and the relationship of Rhizophydium to other chytrids are stressed in the Discussion.

The Structure of Sycamore Callus Cells During Division in a Partially Synchronized Suspension Culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-321
Author(s):  
K. ROBERTS ◽  
D. H. NORTHCOTE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Sycamore suspension callus cells have been partially synchronized to give a culture with a mitotic index of 15%. Living dividing cells of the culture have been examined with Nomarski differential interference optics and a comparable study made on fixed cells with the electron microscope. An organized band of reticulate cytoplasm partially encircles the nucleus at mitosis. The cell divides by the formation of a phragmosome which grows across the large vacuole; this allows the organization of the cytoplasm which forms the cell plate to be examined separately from the more general cytoplasm of the cell. The cell plate grows from one side of the cell to the other and down its length a complete developmental sequence can be seen. The Golgi bodies and the endoplasmic reticulum are probably involved in the formation of material for the construction of the cell plate and young cell wall. Microfibrils are formed within the plate in the more mature regions, while material contained within vesicles is incorporated at the young growing edge. At the edge of the plate microtubules are found and these correspond to the fibrillar appearance of the phragmoplast seen with the optical microscope. In the living cell an active movement of organelles along the peripheral cytoplasm can be seen and with fixed cells viewed with the electron microscope microtubules are often found adjacent to the plasmalemma and lying close to mitochondria, crystal-containing bodies and plastids. The appearance of crystal-containing bodies and plastids containing phytoferritin is described.

Bioelectric Regulation of Tentacle Movement in a Dinoflagellate

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
ROGER ECKERT ◽  
TAKAO SIBAOKA
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Noctiluca Miliaris ◽  
Spike Wave ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

1. Recurring extensions and flexions of the food-gathering tentacle of Noctiluca miliaris occur spontaneously. Identical movements can be evoked by appropriate electrical stimulation. 2. Spontaneous recurring potential wave forms (TRPs) were recorded from the vacuole of the luminescent form of Noctiluca during movements of the tentacle. The basic TRP wave form consists of a characteristic negative-going spike which arises at -20 to -30 mV. from the slowly redeveloping negativity of a pre-spike depolarization, and is followed by a quasi-stable post-spike d.c. level of relative vacuolar negativity (-45 to -60 mV.). 3. The TRP complex, similar in shape to that which occurs spontaneously, follows an intracellularly applied current pulse of either polarity if the vacuolar potential is at the post-spike level. The duration of the evoked pre-spike wave is related to the current intensity and duration. During the pre-spike state outward current is ineffective, although a TR spike occurs in response to inward current. 4. The TRP is distinct in its behaviour and wave form from the flash-triggering potential, which can be evoked in the same cell, even though both exhibit all-or-none spikes. 5. Simultaneous recordings of intracellular potentials and movements of the tentacle showed a consistent temporal relationship between potential changes and subsequent movement. Extension of the tentacle begins 1-2 sec. after the spike and flexion begins within 1 sec. after beginning of the pre-spike wave. 6. Tentacle movement ceased in Ca-free sea water even though the cyclic potential changes continued normally. 7. Electron micrographs of the tentacle showed longitudinal aggregations of microtubules near the outer surface of the peripheral cytoplasm. It is proposed that contraction of these microtubules is the immediate cause of tentacle movements.

Distribution of actively absorbed diffusible sugars in the jejunal epithelium of the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
I.T. Johnson ◽  
J.R. Bronk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Absorptive Cells ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Electron-microscopy autoradiography, using freeze-dried frozen sections of unfixed tissue, was used to study the distribution of actively transported materials in the jejunal epithelium of the rat in vitro. After a few minutes incubation, the grain density over the organelle-packed interiors of the apical cytoplasm of the columnar absorptive cells was significantly greater than that over the structureless peripheral cytoplasm. This difference in the relative specific activities of the 2 subcellular compartments increased during accumulation of labelled galactose, and decreased as preloaded galactose was washed out of the epithelium. A similar compartmentation was observed in vascularly perfused intestines exposed to labelled galactose from either the mucosal or the serosal sides. These observations suggest the presence of an intracellular mechanism controlling the location and concentration of transported substrates during intestinal absorption.

THE ORGANIZATION OF CYTOPLASMIC COMPONENTS DURING THE PHASE OF CELL WALL THICKENING IN DIFFERENTIATING CAMBIAL DERIVATIVES OF ACER RUBRUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Cambial derivatives of Acer rubrum have been examined at stages of their differentiation following fixation in 3% or 6% glutaraldehyde with a post fixation in osmium tetroxide. At early stages of development numerous free ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm, and elements of the endoplasmic reticulum tend to align themselves parallel to the cell surfaces. The plasma membrane is closely applied to the cell walls. During differentiation a complex system of cytoplasmic microtubules develops in the peripheral cytoplasm. These microtubules are oriented, mirroring the orientation of the most recently deposited microfibrils of the cell wall. The microtubules form a steep helix in the peripheral cytoplasm at the time of deposition of the middle layer of the secondary wall. During differentiation the free ribosomes disappear from the cytoplasm and numerous elements of rough endoplasmic reticulum with associated polyribosomes become more evident. In many cases the endoplasmic reticulum is associated with the cell surface. During the later stages of differentiation there are numerous inclusions between the cell wall and the plasma membrane.

Immunolocalization of fimbrial epitopes in thin sections of Microbotryum violaceum

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Celerin ◽  
Alan W. Day ◽  
Ronald J. Smith ◽  
David E. Laudenbach
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Protein Moiety ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Fungal fimbriae are long (0.5–20 μm), narrow (7 nm) surface appendages that have been observed on most members of the Mycota. Biochemical analyses have determined that fimbriae from Microbotryum violaceum are composed of 74-kDa glycoproteinaceous subunits in which the protein moiety is fungal collagen. We present evidence for the localization of fimbrial subunits prior to their exportation from the cell. We term these internal, likely nonpolymerized fimbriae "pro-fimbriae" and demonstrate the location of the reserves within the peripheral cytoplasm. Also, we show that fimbriae may not traverse the cell wall as previously believed, but may instead originate from within the outer lamella of the cell wall, possibly being anchored to the cell wall via other molecules. This model is analogous to the animal extracellular matrix arrangement in which collagens are anchored to plasma membranes via other proteins such as fibronectin.Key words: fungus, immunolocalization, fimbriae, Microbotryum, Ustilago.

scholarly journals CONTACT-INHIBITED REVERTANT CELL LINES ISOLATED FROM SV40-TRANSFORMED CELLS

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Scott McNutt ◽  
Lloyd A. Culp ◽  
Paul H. Black
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Contact Inhibition ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Nuclear Pleomorphism ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
In Situ Embedding ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

The ultrastructural appearances of normal 3T3, SV40-transformed 3T3 (SV-3T3), and F1A revertant cell lines are compared. Both confluent and subconfluent cultures are described after in situ embedding of the cells for electron microscopy. There is striking nuclear pleomorphism in F1A revertant cells, with many cells having large nuclei compared to the less variable nuclear morphology of both normal 3T3 and SV-3T3 cells. Under the culture conditions used, deep infoldings of the nuclear envelope are prominent in growing cells, e.g., subconfluent normal 3T3 and confluent SV-3T3 cells. Such infoldings are infrequently seen in cultures which display contact inhibition of growth, e.g., normal 3T3 or F1A revertant cells grown just to confluence. In confluent cultures, the cytoplasmic organelles in revertant cells closely resemble those of normal 3T3 cells. In both normal and revertant cells in confluent culture, the peripheral cytoplasm (ectoplasm) has many 70 A filaments (alpha filaments), which are frequently aggregated into bundles. Alpha filaments are also abundant in the ectoplasm near regions of cell-to-cell apposition and in the motile cell processes (filopodia). The abundance and state of aggregation of alpha filaments correlates with contact inhibition of movement and growth in these cell lines since fewer bundles of alpha filaments are seen in growing cells than in contact-inhibited cells. This observation suggests that these filaments may be an important secondary component in the regulation of contact inhibition of movement and, possibly, of growth in normal and revertant cells.

Polarity of vesicle distribution in oomycete zoospores: development of polarity and importance for infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hardham
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polarized Secretion ◽  
Microtubular Cytoskeleton ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Hyphal Apex ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm ◽  
Infective Agent

Biflagellate zoospores are the major infective agent for many pathogenic species of Oomycetes. Over the last 10 years, the use of a range of immunological techniques has greatly expanded our understanding of the ultrastructure of these cells and of the role a number of cell components play in the infection of a host. Three types of vesicles that occur in the peripheral cytoplasm of the zoospores have been well characterized. These vesicles show distinct polarities in their distribution within the zoospore cortex. Two are secretory and are thought to be responsible for the formation of the cyst coat and the deposition of adhesive material during encystment and host infection. The third vesicle type is not secreted and appears to serve as a store of proteins used to support early germling growth. All three vesicles are formed by the Golgi apparatus in hyphae following the induction of sporulation. They move into sporangia developing at the hyphal apex and are randomly distributed in the forming and mature sporangia. After the induction of sporangial cleavage, the vesicles are sorted into domains adjacent to the newly formed zoospore plasma membrane. This final sorting is dependent in some way on an intact microtubular cytoskeleton. Vesicle targeting and sorting is thus temporally and spatially removed from vesicle synthesis. Features of the oomycete zoospore system promise to make it a valuable one in which to conduct further studies of vesicle targeting, polarized secretion, and the role of the cytoskeleton in these processes. Key words: cytoskeleton, immunocytochemistry, Phytophthora, regulated secretion, sporulation.

The fine structure of the zoospore of Sorochytrium milnesiophthora

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ann Dewel ◽  
William C. Dewel
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

As a part of an investigation of Sorochytrium milnesiophthora Dewel, a parasite of the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum, the ultrastructure of the zoospore was examined. In overall organization, the zoospore is similar to the spores of the Blastocladiales. The nucleus is conical and located in the posterior third of the cell. A large nuclear cap is anterior to the nucleus. In an arrangement unique for members of the Blastocladiales, the nuclear cap contains, in addition to aggregated ribosomes, a single complex mitochondrion, lipid globules, and microbodies. Portions of the nuclear cap extend posteriorly and partially surround the kinetosome. The kinetosome has nine anterior rootletlike projections that link it to the mitochondrion and nine posterior kinetosomal props that attach it to the plasmalemma. It lies at the base of the nucleus as an anchor for a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. A nonkinetosomal centriole is positioned at an approximate 45° angle to the kinetosome. In the peripheral cytoplasm, there are three structurally distinct types of inclusions hypothesized to be adhesion vesicles, phosphate storage bodies, and gamma-like particles. Therefore, the ultrastructure of the zoospore supports the inclusion of this fungus in the Blastocladiales. Key words: Blastocladiales, zoospore, ultrastructure.

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