Hyaluronic acid modulates gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human fibroblast-like synovial cells from advanced-stage osteoarthritis in vitro

Angiogenesis is essential to both normal and pathological bone physiology. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in angiogenesis, whereas transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) modulates bone differentiation, matrix formation, and cytokine expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TGF-β1 and VEGF expression in osteoblasts and osteoblast-like cells. Northern blot analysis revealed an early peak of VEGF mRNA (6-fold at 3 h) in fetal rat calvarial cells and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells after stimulation with TGF-β1 (2.5 ng/ml). The stability of VEGF mRNA in MC3T3-E1 cells was not increased after TGF-β1 treatment. Actinomycin D inhibited the TGF-β1-induced peak in VEGF mRNA, whereas cycloheximide did not. Blockade of TGF-β1 signal transduction via a dominant-negative receptor II adenovirus significantly decreased TGF-β1 induction of VEGF mRNA. Additionally, TGF-β1 induced a dose-dependent increase in VEGF protein expression by MC3T3-E1 cells ( P < 0.01). Dexamethasone similarly inhibited VEGF protein expression. Both TGF-β1 mRNA and VEGF mRNA were concurrently present in rat membranous bone, and both followed similar patterns of expression during rat mandibular fracture healing (mRNA and protein). In summary, TGF-β1-induced VEGF expression by osteoblasts and osteoblast-like cells is a dose-dependent event that may be intimately related to bone development and fracture healing.

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O.135 Expression of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor β1) in cerebrospinal fluid of children with non-communicating hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/s0303-8467(08)70140-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. S37

Author(s):

M. Nabiuni ◽

M. Naji ◽

M. Yazdankhah ◽

F. Nejat ◽

B. Zeinali

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Tgf Β1

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Connective Tissue Growth Factor Knockdown Attenuated Matrix Protein Production and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Cultured Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells

Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis ◽

10.1111/j.1744-9987.2009.00701.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Li Xiao ◽

Lin Sun ◽

Fu-You Liu ◽

You-Ming Peng ◽

Shao-Bin Duan

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Protein Production ◽

Matrix Protein ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽

Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

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Platelet-Rich Plasma Prevents In Vitro Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition: Involvement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF Receptor-1-Mediated Signaling †

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells7090142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 142 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Flaminia Chellini ◽

Alessia Tani ◽

Larissa Vallone ◽

Daniele Nosi ◽

Paola Pavan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Vegf Receptor ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

The Impact ◽

Tgf Β1

The antifibrotic potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is controversial. This study examined the effects of PRP on in vitro transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, the main drivers of fibrosis, and the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in mediating PRP-induced responses. The impact of PRP alone on fibroblast differentiation was also assessed. Myofibroblastic phenotype was evaluated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and western blotting analyses of α-smooth muscle actin (sma) and type-1 collagen expression, vinculin-rich focal adhesion clustering, and stress fiber assembly. Notch-1, connexin 43, and VEGF-A expression were also analyzed by RT-PCR. PRP negatively regulated fibroblast-myofibroblast transition via VEGF-A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1-mediated inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Indeed TGF-β1/PRP co-treated fibroblasts showed a robust attenuation of the myofibroblastic phenotype concomitant with a decrease of Smad3 expression levels. The VEGFR-1 inhibition by KRN633 or blocking antibodies, or VEGF-A neutralization in these cells prevented the PRP-promoted effects. Moreover PRP abrogated the TGF-β1-induced reduction of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 cell expression. The role of VEGF-A signaling in counteracting myofibroblast generation was confirmed by cell treatment with soluble VEGF-A. PRP as single treatment did not induce fibroblast myodifferentiation. This study provides new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning PRP antifibrotic action.

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JNK and p38 Inhibitors Prevent Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation in Human Graves’ Orbital Fibroblasts

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2952

Author(s):

Tzu-Yu Hou ◽

Shi-Bei Wu ◽

Hui-Chuan Kau ◽

Chieh-Chih Tsai

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Mapk Pathway ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽

Western Blots ◽

Orbital Fibroblasts ◽

Tgf Β1

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from orbital fibroblasts is known to dominate tissue remodeling and fibrosis in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). However, the signaling pathways through which TGF-β1 activates Graves’ orbital fibroblasts remain unclear. This study investigated the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human Graves’ orbital fibroblasts. The MAPK pathway was assessed by measuring the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by Western blots. The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin representing fibrogenesis was estimated. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism were analyzed. Specific pharmacologic kinase inhibitors were used to confirm the involvement of the MAPK pathway. After treatment with TGF-β1, the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK, but not ERK, were increased. CTGF, α-SMA, and fibronectin, as well as TIMP-1 and TIMP-3, were upregulated, whereas the activities of MMP-2/-9 were inhibited. The effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of these factors were eliminated by p38 and JNK inhibitors. The results suggested that TGF-β1 could induce myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human Graves’ orbital fibroblasts through the p38 and JNK pathways.

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Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) Promotes Endothelial Cell Survival during In Vitro Angiogenesis via an Autocrine Mechanism Implicating TGF-α Signaling

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.21.21.7218-7230.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 7218-7230 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

Francesc Viñals ◽

Jacques Pouysségur

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Network Formation ◽

Egf Receptor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

In Vitro Angiogenesis ◽

Tgf Β1

ABSTRACT Mouse capillary endothelial cells (1G11 cell line) embedded in type I collagen gels undergo in vitro angiogenesis. Cells rapidly reorganize and form capillary-like structures when stimulated with serum. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) alone can substitute for serum and induce cell survival and tubular network formation. This TGF-β1-mediated angiogenic activity depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. We showed that specific inhibitors of either pathway (wortmannin, LY-294002, and PD-98059) all suppressed TGF-β1-induced angiogenesis mainly by compromising cell survival. We established that TGF-β1 stimulated the expression of TGF-α mRNA and protein, the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 170-kDa membrane protein representing the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and the delayed activation of PI3K/Akt and p42/p44 MAPK. Moreover, we showed that all these TGF-β1-mediated signaling events, including tubular network formation, were suppressed by incubating TGF-β1-stimulated endothelial cells with a soluble form of an EGF receptor (ErbB-1) or tyrphostin AG1478, a specific blocker of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Finally, addition of TGF-α alone poorly stimulated angiogenesis; however, by reducing cell death, it strongly potentiated the action of TGF-β1. We therefore propose that TGF-β1 promotes angiogenesis at least in part via the autocrine secretion of TGF-α, a cell survival growth factor, activating PI3K/Akt and p42/p44 MAPK.

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