Organic acid metabolism in cider and perry fermentations. II.—Non-volatile organic acids of cider-apple juices and sulphited ciders

AbstractThe organoleptic qualities of watermelon fruit are defined by the sugar and organic acid contents, which undergo considerable variations during development and maturation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these variations remain unclear. In this study, we used transcriptome profiles to investigate the coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with sugar and organic acid metabolism. We identified 3 gene networks/modules containing 2443 genes highly correlated with sugars and organic acids. Within these modules, based on intramodular significance and Reverse Transcription Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we identified 7 genes involved in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids. Among these genes, Cla97C01G000640, Cla97C05G087120 and Cla97C01G018840 (r2 = 0.83 with glucose content) were identified as sugar transporters (SWEET, EDR6 and STP) and Cla97C03G064990 (r2= 0.92 with sucrose content) was identified as a sucrose synthase from information available for other crops. Similarly, Cla97C07G128420, Cla97C03G068240 and Cla97C01G008870, having strong correlations with malic (r2 = 0.75) and citric acid (r2 = 0.85), were annotated as malate and citrate transporters (ALMT7, CS, and ICDH). The expression profiles of these 7 genes in diverse watermelon genotypes revealed consistent patterns of expression variation in various types of watermelon. These findings add significantly to our existing knowledge of sugar and organic acid metabolism in watermelon.

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Non-volatile Organic Acid Profiles of Peas and Carrots Cooked by Microwaves1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-42.5.385 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 385-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. D. MABESA ◽

R. E. BALDWIN ◽

G. B. GARNER

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Volatile Organic Acids ◽

Chlorophyll Retention

Frozen peas and frozen carrots were obtained from a local supermarket and cooked in a consumer microwave oven (550 watts of cooking power) and in an institutional microwave oven (1150 watts of cooking power). Non-volatile organic acids of each vegetable were identified and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography. Lactic, succinic, malic and citric acids were identified in peas. Relative concentrations of these acids increased after cooking, particularly in samples cooked without water in a consumer microwave oven. Only malic acid was identified in carrots. Concentration of this acid was not affected by any cooking treatments used in the study. The non-volatile organic acids found in both peas and carrots were not correlated with the sensory scores for flavor of these vegetables. However, total non-volatile organic acids found in peas tended to be negatively correlated with the total chlorophyll retention of all the cooked pea samples.

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The utilization efficiency of hydrogen peroxide on the removal of volatile organic acids in sand columns

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0642 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (7-8) ◽

pp. 359-364

Author(s):

C.-J. Lu ◽

L.-C. Fan ◽

C. M. Lee

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

High Oxygen ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Point Injection ◽

Volatile Organic Acids ◽

Gaseous Form

Effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the removal of volatile organic acids were studied with a series of sand columns. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an alternative oxygen source to enhance the removal of volatile organic acids. In the presence of microorganisms, H2O2 was readily decomposed to increase the dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) in waters. The microorganisms used in this study could tolerate the toxicity of H2O2, even if its concentration reached 450 mg/L. The volatile organic acids used in this study were not chemically oxidized by H2O2. The results indicated that the concentrations of H2O2 required to remove volatile organic acids were higher than those calculated from the theoretical stoichiometry equation. Hydrogen peroxide was not effectively utilized, especially when the concentrations of H2O2 were relatively high. When the concentration of H2O2 was high, oxygen produced from the decomposition of H2O2 might not be effectively utilized by microorganisms and might escape from waters in gaseous form. The ratio of the amount of the volatile organic acid removed to the amount of H2O2 added decreased with an increase in the concentrations of H2O2. Multi-point injection of H2O2 can be used to improve its utilization efficiency, if a higher concentration of H2O2 was required.

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The effects of biotin deficiency on organic acid metabolism: Increase in propionyl coenzyme A-related organic acids in biotin-deficient rats

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0026-0495(93)90188-t ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 1392-1397 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Y-Y. Liu ◽

Y. Shigematsu ◽

A. Nakai ◽

Y. Kikawa ◽

M. Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Coenzyme A ◽

Biotin Deficiency ◽

Organic Acid Metabolism

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The Routine Investigation of Urinary Organic Acids in Selected Paediatric Patients: Results over a 2 1/2-Year Period

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328402100108 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M J Bennett ◽

Anne Green ◽

R J Pollitt ◽

E Worthy

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Acidosis ◽

Lactic Acidosis ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Inborn Errors ◽

Routine Investigation ◽

Urinary Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid Metabolism

Over a 2 1/2-year period 13 patients with inborn errors of organic acid metabolism, excluding undifferentiated lactic acidosis, have been diagnosed in our laboratories. The diagnostic yield in patients who had not previously been investigated by organic acid chromatography was 1 in 25, the majority of cases having presented with metabolic acidosis. A larger number of non-specific abnormalities were also detected. This type of investigation is beset with pitfalls and is extremely labour intensive.

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Characterization of Organic Acid Metabolism and Expression of Related Genes During Fruit Development of Actinidia eriantha ‘Ganmi 6’

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9030332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Jiang ◽

Qing Huang ◽

Dongfeng Jia ◽

Min Zhong ◽

Junjie Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽

Organic Acid Metabolism

Studies on organic acid metabolism have been mainly concentrated on the fruit, whereas, few have focused on the mechanism of high organic acids content in the fruit of Actinidia eriantha. Fruits of ‘Ganmi 6’ harvested at eleven developmental periods were used as materials. The components and content of organic acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, the activities of the related enzyme were detected, and gene expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Components of ascorbic acid (AsA) and eight kinds of organic acids were detected. These results showed that quinic acid and citric acid were the main organic acids in the fruit of ‘Ganmi 6’. Correlation analysis showed that NADP-Quinate dehydrogenase (NADP-QDH), NADP-Shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP-SDH), and Cyt-Aconitase (Cyt-Aco) may be involved in regulating organic acids biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the SDH gene may play an important role in regulating the accumulation of citric acid. In this study, the activities of NADP-SDH, Mit-Aconitase (Mit-Aco), and NAD-Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH) were regulated by their corresponding genes at the transcriptional level. The activity of Citrate synthase (CS) may be affected by post-translational modification. Our results provided new insight into the characteristics of organic acid metabolism in the fruit of A. eriantha.

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