Alteration of supplement nitrogen:Sulphur ratio by increasing sulphate supplementation affects the rate rather than the extent of fibre degradation in cattle fed a matured tropical grass hay

1994 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
Mark Morrison ◽  
Anthony N Boniface ◽  
R Maxwell Murray
Keyword(s):  
Grass Hay ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Tropical Grass

The effect of sucrose addition on intake of a tropical grass hay by sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Vega ◽  
D. P. Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Tropical Grass

Increasing levels of sucrose (15, 30, 45, and 60% of the total dry matter intake, DMI) were added to a Control diet of a tropical grass hay (pangola grass, Digitaria eriantha) to examine the effect on DMI and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI). A pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) diet provided a positive Control diet with a higher metabolisable energy intake. There were positive linear and quadratic effects of sucrose addition on DMI and DOMI, reflecting increasing values from Control to 45% sucrose, which then decreased for 60% sucrose. Intake values at 45% sucrose were equivalent to 49% (DMI) and 60% (DOMI) of those shown by animals fed on pelleted lucerne. At the same time there was a decrease in hay intake and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. Rumen concentration of butyric acid increased with sucrose addition. Eating pattern changed with increasing sucrose inclusion in that meals extended over the whole day rather than most food being consumed within 5 h as occurred with the high roughage diet. Intake of sucrose was similar for all diets by 5 h, but by 24 h high sucrose diets had resulted in a higher intake of sucrose. It was suggested that the underlying characteristics of the neutral detergent fibre present in the diet regulate intake by posing a limit, which cannot be overridden.

Intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay fed to Santa Ines sheep in Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
C. M. Korndörfer ◽  
I. C. S. Bueno ◽  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Tropical Grass

Ruminant feeding standards in Brazil are generally based on systems developed for temperate regions and there is a serious lack of information on grazed tropical pasture which is the main feedstuff. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) represents half of the total cultivated pastures in Brazil (Miles et al., 1996). This study investigated the intake and digestibility by sheep of signal grass hay cut after re-growths of 28 and 56 days to represent the range used in practice in the Brazilian savanna. Lucerne hay was included as a positive control. The hays were offered at two levels of intake to Santa Ines wether sheep.

Manipulating rumen fermentation and methanogenesis using an essential oil and monensin in beef cattle fed a tropical grass hay

2015 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel W. Tomkins ◽  
Stuart E. Denman ◽  
Ruangyote Pilajun ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Chris S. McSweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Tropical Grass

Estimating the voluntary intake by sheep of tropical grasses from digestibility, regrowth-age and leaf content: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (14) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
R. M. Dixon ◽  
R. J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
General Prediction

Context The voluntary intake (VI) of forages by ruminants is usually estimated from diet DM digestibility (DMD), but may be related also to the age of regrowth and the leaf blade content (Leaf) of the forage. Aim To examine the reliability of the prediction of the VI of tropical grasses by sheep from the DMD, Leaf and Regrowth-age characteristics of the forage. Methods Data from eight experiments with mature sheep fed tropical grass hay diets (n = 229) were used to explore prediction of VI of DM (VIDM), digestible DM (DDM) (VIDDM) and estimated metabolisable energy from the DMD, Leaf and Regrowth-age of the forage. Key results The variables were generally correlated. In data pooled across experiments the VI (g/kg W0.75.day) of DM was poorly correlated with DMD, Leaf or Regrowth-age (r = 0.30–0.52). The regressions between VI and each of the variables differed among experiments in elevation (P < 0.001) but generally not in slope. When ‘experiment’ was included as a factor the VIDM (g/kg W0.75.day) = K + 0.0912 × DMD (R2 0.80; r.s.d. 6.8; K range –26.0 to +7.8; P < 0.001). Also VIDM = K + 0.069 × DMD + 0.020 × Leaf (R2 0.88; r.s.d. 5.4; DMD and Leaf, P < 0.001); thus inclusion of Leaf reduced the r.s.d. while K ranged widely (–20.5 to +12.0). The voluntary intake of digestible DM (VIDDM) = K + 0.081 × DMD + 0.011 × Leaf (R2 0.89; r.s.d. 3.2; DMD and Leaf P < 0.001; K range –35.0 to –16.3). Regrowth-age was correlated with both Leaf and DMD, and VIDM was predicted by Regrowth-age or Leaf with comparable error. Because numerous factors alter the composition of grasses at a specific Regrowth-age the DMD should be a more generally suitable variable to predict intakes of forage DM and DDM. Conclusions The estimation of the VI of ruminants ingesting tropical grass forages can be improved if the diet Leaf is included with diet DMD as a predictor. However, the general prediction of VI of sheep may involve large errors. Implications Knowledge of the leaf content as well as the digestibility should improve estimation of VI of tropical grasses by ruminants.

scholarly journals Effect of Graded Levels of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Rumen Environment and Ruminal Feed Degradation in Bali Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
I GN Jelantik ◽  
GEM Malelak ◽  
I Benu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Acetate Butyrate ◽  
In Sacco

Abstract An experiment to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on rumen environment and ruminal feed degradation in Bali cows fed low quality tropical grass hay (crude protein, CP = 3.53%) was conducted according to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design with five animals and five periods. In each period lasting for 3 weeks, five non-pregnant Bali cows were given ad libitum access to grass hay (G) or supplemented daily with two level of urea, i.e. 38 g (U38) and 74 g (U74), or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 g (FM156) and 312 g (FM312). Supplementation of both urea and fishmeal reduced significantly (P < 0.01) the average rumen pH from 6.89 in G to 6.74 in FM156. Rumen ammonia concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of supplementation and the increase was more pronounced with urea than with fishmeal supplementation. Rumen ammonia concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in urea than fishmeal supplemented cows at both levels of supplementation. Ruminal total as well as individual VFAs (Acetate, Butyrate and Propionate) concentrations were not affected by the increasing level of supplementation of both urea and fishmeal. Supplementation improved significantly (P < 0.05) in sacco rumen degradation of DM but not protein. Ruminal DM effective degradability was increased significantly with increasing level of fishmeal supplementation but not with increasing level of urea supplementation. Supplementation of increasing level of both urea and fishmeal improved rumen environment and feed degradability in Bali cows maintained on low quality tropical grass hay with fishmeal was proven to be the better supplement over urea.

Ruminal fermentation, methanogenesis and nitrogen utilization of sheep receiving tropical grass hay-concentrate diets offered with Sapindus saponaria fruits and Cratylia argentea foliage

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Hess ◽  
R. A. Beuret ◽  
M. Lötscher ◽  
I. K. Hindrichsen ◽  
A. Machmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Methane Release ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria ◽  
Tropical Grass

AbstractThe effects of supplementing a tropical, low-quality grass hay (Brachiaria dictyoneura) with legume foliage (Cratylia argentea) or fruits of the multipurpose tree Sapindus saponaria on ruminal fermentation, methane release and nitrogen (N) utilization were evaluated. Six Swiss White Hill lambs were used in a 6 ✕ 6 Latin-square design with a 3 ✕ 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with measurements of energy metabolism being conducted using open-circuit respiratory chambers. Treatments consisted of three basal diets, either grass alone or legume: grass ratios of 1: 2 or 2: 1. These basal diets were supplemented (1: 3) with a control concentrate or with a concentrate containing 250 g/kg dry matter of S. saponaria fruits. The apparent total tract digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were reduced and the proportionate crude protein (CP) losses through faeces were increased (P 0·01) by supplementation with S. saponaria, and digestibilities of OM and NDF were linearly reduced (P 0·001) with increasing legume proportion. Body energy retention, however, was similar in all diets. Along with CP intake, the proportionate CP losses through faeces decreased (P 0·001) with increasing legume proportion which was associated with improved (P 0·001) body protein retention and reduced (P 0·1) fat retention. Ruminal fluid ammonia concentration was not significantly affected (P > 0·1) by the inclusion of S. saponaria in the concentrate, but increased linearly (P 0·001) as dietary legume proportion was elevated. Supplementation with fruits of S. saponaria increased (P 0·01) total bacteria count, and decreased (P 0·001) total ciliate protozoa count by more than proportionately 0·50. Daily methane release was reduced (P 0·01) by S. saponaria supplementation in all basal diet types. Although being not clearly affected on a daily basis, methane release relative to body protein retention decreased linearly (P 0·05) with increasing legume proportion. The fact that interactions were mostly non-significant (P > 0·05) indicates that supplementation with S. saponaria fruits is a useful means to reduce methane emission from sheep given both tropical grass-based and grass-legume-based diets. Likewise, including legumes in N-limited tropical diets seems to represent an environmentally friendly way to improve animal productivity.

Intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay fed to Santa Ines sheep in Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
C. M. Korndörfer ◽  
I. C. S. Bueno ◽  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Tropical Grass

Ruminant feeding standards in Brazil are generally based on systems developed for temperate regions and there is a serious lack of information on grazed tropical pasture which is the main feedstuff. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) represents half of the total cultivated pastures in Brazil (Miles et al., 1996). This study investigated the intake and digestibility by sheep of signal grass hay cut after re-growths of 28 and 56 days to represent the range used in practice in the Brazilian savanna. Lucerne hay was included as a positive control. The hays were offered at two levels of intake to Santa Ines wether sheep.

scholarly journals PSXII-20 Whole flint corn grain or tropical grass hay free choice in the diet of milk-fed dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 441-442
Author(s):  
Ariany Toledo ◽  
Milaine Poczynek ◽  
Ana Paula Silva ◽  
Amanda Cezar ◽  
Sophia Dondé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole flint corn grain or tropical grass hay free choice, as a fiber source in the diet, on the performance, ruminal and intestinal development of Holstein dairy calves. Forty-two Holstein calves were used in a randomized block design, considering sex, birth date and weight at 21 days of age (48.7 ± 0.82 kg), when the study started. Three solid diets were compared: 1) SC: starter concentrate only (24% CP, 14% NDF, 47% NFC); 2) SCH: starter concentrate, with free access to chopped Tifton-85 hay; and 3) SCW: starter concentrate with free access to whole flint corn grain. Animals were fed with 6 L/d until d 21, and then 4L/d of whole milk until gradual weaning at d 56. At weaning, 12 animals were randomly selected to be slaughtered to evaluate the weight of forestomach compartments and rumen and intestine morphometrics. Data were analyzed using the GLM or MIXED (repeated measures) procedure of SAS, and the means were compared using Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). The SCH diet increased the total DMI (P = 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.01). Calves fed with SCH diet presented higher total proximal digestive tract weight (kg; P &lt; 0.01). The empty reticulum-rumen weight was higher in calves fed the SCH diet (P = 0.03). The papillae area was higher in calves fed with SCH diet (P = 0.05). The depth of the crypts and the number of goblet cells from the duodenum and cecum were not affected by diets; however, the duodenum villus height was higher for animals that received SCH (P = 0.02). The tropical grass hay supplementation in the diet improved performance, ruminal and intestinal development. The whole flint corn grain do not play a fiber role for dairy calves.

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