Defining Populations for Neuroprotective Interventions: The Prodromal Stage of α‐Synucleinopathies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Quattrone ◽  
Alessandro Mechelli ◽  
Aldo Quattrone
Keyword(s):  
Prodromal Stage

scholarly journals An update on equine laminitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Maria Laskoski ◽  
Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão ◽  
Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich ◽  
Ivan Deconto ◽  
Rafael Resende Faleiros
Keyword(s):  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

ABSTRACT: Laminitis is a severe podal affection, which pathophysiology remains partially renowned. Ischemic, enzymatic, metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms are connected to the development of laminar lesions. However, few therapeutic measures are effective to prevent or control the severity of acute laminitis and its prodromal stage, which often determines serious complications such as rotation and/or sinking of the distal phalanx and even the loss of hoof. The purpose of this study is to compile the actual knowledge in respect to the pathophysiology and treatment of equine laminitis.

scholarly journals Episodic memory and speed/attention deficits are associated with Alzheimer-typical CSF abnormalities in MCI

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTO NORDLUND ◽  
SINDRE ROLSTAD ◽  
OLA KLANG ◽  
KARIN LIND ◽  
MONA PEDERSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Total Tau ◽  
Prodromal Ad ◽  
Function Language ◽  
T Tau ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Better Than

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as the prodromal stage of dementia disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).Objective: To compare the neuropsychological profiles of MCI subjects with normal concentrations of total tau (T-τ) and Aβ42 in CSF (MCI-norm) to MCI subjects with deviating concentrations of the biomarkers (MCI-dev). MCI-norm (N = 73) and MCI-dev (N = 73) subjects were compared to normal controls (N = 50) on tests of speed/attention, memory, visuospatial function, language and executive function.Results: MCI-norm performed overall better than MCI-dev, specifically on tests of speed and attention and episodic memory. When MCI-dev subjects were subclassified into those with only high T-tau (MCI-tau), only low Aβ42 (MCI-Aβ) and both high T-tau and low Aβ42 (MCI-tauAβ), MCI-tauAβ tended to perform slightly worse. MCI-tau and MCI-Aβ performed quite similarly.Conclusions: Considering the neuropsychological differences, many MCI-norm probably had more benign forms of MCI, or early non-AD forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Although most MCI-dev performed clearly worse than MCI-norm on the neuropsychological battery, some did not show any deficits when compared to age norms. A combination of CSF analyses and neuropsychology could be a step toward a more exact diagnosis of MCI as prodromal AD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 582–590.)

Blood Cholesterol Decreases as Parkinson’s Disease Develops and Progresses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Keran Wang ◽  
Zhehui Luo ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Xuemei Huang ◽  
Eric J. Shiroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Total Cholesterol

Background: Literature shows an inverse association of circulating cholesterol level with the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD); this finding has important ramifications, but its interpretation has been debated. Objective: To longitudinally examine how blood total cholesterol changes during the development of PD. Methods: In the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (n = 3,075, 73.6±2.9 years), blood total cholesterol was measured at clinic visit years 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 11. We first examined baseline cholesterol in relation to PD risk, adjusting for potential confounders and competing risk of death. Then, by contrasting the observed with expected cholesterol levels, we examined the trajectory of changes in total cholesterol before and after disease diagnosis. Results: Compared to the lowest tertile of baseline total cholesterol, the cumulative incident ratio of PD and 95%confidence interval was 0.41 (0.20, 0.86) for the second tertile, and 0.69 (0.35, 1.35) for the third tertile. In the analysis that examined change of total cholesterol level before and after PD diagnosis, we found that its level began to decrease in the prodromal stage of PD and became statistically lower than the expected values∼4 years before disease diagnosis (observed-expected difference, –6.68 mg/dL (95%confidence interval: –13.14, –0.22)). The decreasing trend persisted thereafter; by year-6 post-diagnosis, the difference increased to –13.59 mg/dL (95%confidence interval: –22.12, –5.06), although the linear trend did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.10). Conclusion: Circulating total cholesterol began to decrease in the prodromal stage of PD, which may in part explain its reported inverse association with PD.

The characteristics of prodromal symptoms in the development of the psychotic disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1423-1423
Author(s):  
J.S. Kostic ◽  
L. Milosavljevic ◽  
M. Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms

ObjectivesIn most cases, prodromal changes in behavior, lasting from several days to several years, often precede psychotic disorders and indicate the beginning of psychosis. Prodromal symptoms are nonspecific, making an accurate detection difficult. It is typical that the earlier stadium of the appearance of the disorder, the more insidious the prodromal stage is.MethodRetrospectively, authors analyzed periods of nonspecific symptoms in ten patients, aged 16 to 20 years, who developed a clinical picture of psychosis.ResultsThe most frequent prodromal symptoms in our research were anxiety, irritability and sleep disorder, which were followed by the attention deficit disorder, a sense of confusion and difficulty in dealing with the environment, accompanied by social withdrawal.ConclusionAuthors pay attention to the cognition and early detection of prodromal symptoms, which gives the opportunity for earlier therapeutic interventions in the course of the disorder and the possibility for a better outcome and prognosis of the disorder.

scholarly journals RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on microRNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Akihiko Nunomura ◽  
George Perry
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Key Events

Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major pathomechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is closely associated with other key events in neurodegeneration such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metal dysregulation, and protein misfolding. Oxidized RNAs are identified in brains of AD patients at the prodromal stage. Indeed, oxidized mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA lead to retarded or aberrant protein synthesis. OS interferes with not only these translational machineries but also regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs can be oxidized, which causes misrecognizing target mRNAs. Moreover, OS affects the expression of multiple miRNAs, and conversely, miRNAs regulate many genes involved in the OS response. Intriguingly, several miRNAs embedded in upstream regulators or downstream targets of OS are involved also in neurodegenerative pathways in AD. Specifically, seven upregulated miRNAs (miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-200c, miR-26b, miR-30e, miR-34a, miR-34c) and three downregulated miRNAs (miR-107, miR-210, miR-485), all of which are associated with OS, are found in vulnerable brain regions of AD at the prodromal stage. Growing evidence suggests that altered miRNAs may serve as targets for developing diagnostic or therapeutic tools for early-stage AD. Focusing on a neuroprotective transcriptional repressor, REST, and the concept of hormesis that are relevant to the OS response may provide clues to help us understand the role of the miRNA system in cellular and organismal adaptive mechanisms to OS.

scholarly journals Parkinson’s Disease: Available Clinical and Promising Omics Tests for Diagnostics, Disease Risk Assessment, and Pharmacotherapy Personalization

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana P. Trifonova ◽  
Dmitri L. Maslov ◽  
Elena E. Balashova ◽  
Guzel R. Urazgildeeva ◽  
Denis A. Abaimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

Parkinson’s disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson’s disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson’s disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease.

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