Effects of Sunflower Hulls on Productive Performance, Digestibility Indices and Rumen Morphology of Growing Awassi Lambs Fed with Total Mixed Rations

Forty-eight growing Awassi lambs were used in a 70-day trial to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary sunflower hulls (SFH) on growth, rumen morphology, fiber digestibility and meat characteristics of lambs. Animals were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 3 replicates of 4 lambs each. The diet was composed of total mixed ration (TMR) without SFH (control group), and the TMR diet supplemented with SFH at a level of 5% (SFH5), 10% (SFH10) and 15% (SFH15). Lambs in the treatment groups had greater BW changes (p = 0.04) and ADG (p = 0.04) than the lambs in the control group. Intake of dry matter, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SFH15 compared to SFH10. Digestibility of ADL and empty stomach weight were also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SFH10 and SFH15, respectively. Cooking loss, blood total cholesterol and total protein decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in SFH15. Ruminal lightness (L) and yellowness (b) also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in SFH15. We concluded that the TMR diet supplemented with up to 15% SFH improved weight gain, digestibility, meat cooking loss and rumen color in Awassi lambs.

Blood Cholesterol Decreases as Parkinson’s Disease Develops and Progresses

Background: Literature shows an inverse association of circulating cholesterol level with the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD); this finding has important ramifications, but its interpretation has been debated. Objective: To longitudinally examine how blood total cholesterol changes during the development of PD. Methods: In the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (n = 3,075, 73.6±2.9 years), blood total cholesterol was measured at clinic visit years 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 11. We first examined baseline cholesterol in relation to PD risk, adjusting for potential confounders and competing risk of death. Then, by contrasting the observed with expected cholesterol levels, we examined the trajectory of changes in total cholesterol before and after disease diagnosis. Results: Compared to the lowest tertile of baseline total cholesterol, the cumulative incident ratio of PD and 95%confidence interval was 0.41 (0.20, 0.86) for the second tertile, and 0.69 (0.35, 1.35) for the third tertile. In the analysis that examined change of total cholesterol level before and after PD diagnosis, we found that its level began to decrease in the prodromal stage of PD and became statistically lower than the expected values∼4 years before disease diagnosis (observed-expected difference, –6.68 mg/dL (95%confidence interval: –13.14, –0.22)). The decreasing trend persisted thereafter; by year-6 post-diagnosis, the difference increased to –13.59 mg/dL (95%confidence interval: –22.12, –5.06), although the linear trend did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.10). Conclusion: Circulating total cholesterol began to decrease in the prodromal stage of PD, which may in part explain its reported inverse association with PD.

The relationship between seeds consumption, lipid profile and body mass index among patients with cardiovascular diseases

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and largely preventable through improving diet quality and other lifestyle factors. In recent years, dietary recommendations have shifted towards diets high in plant-based foods and low in animal-based foods for the prevention of chronic diseases. Objective. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between seeds consumption, lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in a group of 889 (313 female and 576 male) randomly selected patients hospitalized in the Nitra Cardio Center, Slovakia. Material and Methods. The data necessary for the evaluation the relationship between seeds consumption, lipid profiles and BMI were obtained by a questionnaire method in closed-ended format. Data collection was carried out simultaneously with the anthropometric and biochemical examinations of the respondents ensured by the Nitra Cardio Center. The following parameters were assessed in the blood: total cholesterol (T-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and glucose (GLU). Comparisons between groups were made utilizing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results. Respondents indicated pumpkin seeds as the most commonly consumed seeds (45.19% of women and 53.06% of men) and their preference did not cause changes in lipid profile. Women who consume seeds 1-2 times/month had significantly lower levels of T-C and LDL-C compared to women non-consuming seeds (P < 0.05). In men, we did not observed any changes in lipid profile. The lowest BMI in women was associated with flaxseed preference and in men with sunflower preference. Increasing frequency of seeds consumption of women and men did not cause changes in BMI. Conclusions. Based on beneficial effects of seeds on cardiovascular risk factors, it seems that seeds consumption can be considered as a useful therapeutic approach for reducing lipid profile and body mass index.

Effects of dietary pomegranate peel meal on the growth performance, blood indices, and innate immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of pomegranate peel meal on the growth performance, hematology, and blood biochemistry of rainbow trout. Fish fed at 5 varying levels of pomegranate peel meal (0 %, 1%, 2 %, 3%, and 4%) for 60 days. The obtained results showed that WG was significantly higher in fish fed at the rate of 1% than the other groups, while SGR was significantly increased in fish fed 1% and followed by the ration of 2% (P <0.05). SGR of fish fed at the rate of 4% revealed the lowest value among the groups (P <0.05). However, FCR displayed the lowest values in fish fed at the rate of 1% or 2%, while the highest value was observed in fish fed at the rate of 4% (P <0.05). The survival rate was increased by the rate of 1% than the control without differences with the other groups (P <0.05). RBCs were significantly higher in fish fed at the rate of 0%, 1%, and 2% than fish fed at the rate of 3% and 4%. Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were increased by feeding pomegranate meal at the rate of 1% than the other groups, while fish fed the control diet displayed higher Hb and HCT levels than fish fed at the rate of 2%, 3%, and 4% (P <0.05). WBCs displayed significant differences among the groups and increased by increasing the level of pomegranate meal in the diet. The blood total protein was decreased in fish fed 2%, 3%, and 4% than fish fed at the rate of 0% and 1% of pomegranate meal. The glucose value displayed the highest level in fish fed at the rate of 3% of pomegranate meal than the other groups. The triglycerides were reduced by pomegranate meal at the rate of 2% than 3% and 4% without differences with the control and 1%. The blood total cholesterol was reduced in fish fed at the rate of 1% of pomegranate meal than the other groups (P <0.05). The blood IgM and complement components (C3 and C4) were increased by increasing the supplementation level of pomegranate meal with the highest value in fish fed at the rate of 3% (P <0.05). In conclusion, dietary pomegranate meal at the rate of 1% is recommended for enhancing the growth rate and health status of rainbow trout.

Fetal Hemoglobin, Serum Total Cholesterol, Plasma Phosphate and Serum Calcium Levels in Patients with Leukemia and Lymphoma

In this study, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), blood total cholesterol, phosphate and calcium levels of leukemia and lymphoma cases in Mandalay were determined. It was a cross-sectional, comparative study. Thirty adult cases of leukemia and lymphoma and equal number of control subjects of comparable age (14 to 80 yrs) and sex were studied. Mean HbF of leukemia group (n=9), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subgroup (n=6) and controls (n=30) were 2.72±0.47%, 3.17±0.69% and 1.39±0.25% of total Hb, respectively. The HbF levels of leukemia group and AML were significantly higher than that of controls (p<0.02). Mean serum total cholesterol levels of leukemia group, AML subgroup and controls were found to be 126.5±17.38 mg%, 137.96±24.66 mg% and 177.18±7.68 mg%, respectively. Cholesterol levels of leukemia group and AML were lower than that of controls. Mean plasma phosphate levels of leukemia and lymphoma cases (n=30), leukemia group (n=9) and lymphoma group (n=21) were 1.21±0.07 mmol/l, 1.33±0.17 mmol/l and 1.15±0.06 mmol/l, respectively. Mean phosphate level of controls was 0.94 mmol/l. Plasma phosphate levels of the whole cases and individual case groups were significantly higher than that of controls (p<0.001). Mean serum calcium levels of the whole cases, leukemia group and lymphoma group were 10.16±0.36 mg%, 10.03±0.75 mg% and 10.21±0.45 mg%, respectively. Mean serum calcium level of controls was 8.55±0.14 mg%. Serum calcium levels of the whole cases and individual case groups were found to be significantly higher than that of controls (p<0.01). The study showed that not only raised HbF but also hypocholesterolaemia might be the diagnostic clues in leukemia cases. Recognition of blood phosphate and calcium changes leads to appropriate therapy and a reduction of morbidity.

Teh Daun Kedondong (Spondias Dulcis L) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus)

ABSTRACT Decreasing cholesterol levels is by consuming chemical drugs, namely statin drugs. Side effects of statins include muscle damage, muscle inflammation, and rhabdomyolysis, which is muscle pain accompanied by rupture of muscle protein. Therefore, other alternative herbal medicines are sought from plant compounds. One of the plants that can be used as an alternative medicine is kedondong leaf (Spondias dulcis L) because it contains compounds which are included in the group of antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids which play an important role in decreasing total cholesterol levels. Objective: To determine the effect of giving kedondong leaf tea (Spondias dulcis L) to total cholesterol levels in wistar strains (Rattus norvegicus) white rats. Methods: Pre-Experiment Research design Postest-Only control Design with the data analysis technique used was the independent sample T Test. 10 male wistar strains of white rats (R. novergicus) used in this study were given kedondong leaf tea in the treatment group 1 time a day for 9 days by means of a round. The blood test method uses the Easy Touch GCU stick method. Results: Antioxidant group compounds (19.91%), polyunsaturated fatty acid compounds (47.51%). these compounds have an effect on the reduction in total cholesterol levels in the experimental wistar strain white rats (R. novergicus). Conclusion: Kedondong leaf tea (Spondias dulcis L) can be used as an alternative medicine to lower blood total cholesterol levels. Keywords: Kedondong leaf tea (Spondias dulcis L), total cholesterol level

A Possible Mechanism: Vildagliptin Prevents Aortic Dysfunction through Paraoxonase and Angiopoietin-Like 3

The collected data have revealed the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on the vascular endothelium, including vildagliptin. However, the involved mechanisms are not yet clear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic + low-dose vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/d), and diabetic + high-dose vildagliptin (20 mg/kg/d). The diabetic model was created by feeding a high-fat diet for four weeks and injection of streptozotocin. Then, vildagliptin groups were given oral vildagliptin for twelve weeks, and the control and diabetic groups were given the same volume of saline. The metabolic parameters, endothelial function, and whole genome expression in the aorta were examined. After 12 weeks of treatment, vildagliptin groups showed significantly reduced blood glucose, blood total cholesterol, and attenuated endothelial dysfunction. Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats. These findings may demonstrate the vasoprotective pathway of vildagliptin in vivo.

Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak jamur merang (volvariella volvacea) terhadap kadar kolesterol total, enzim lppla2 dan mda darah

Background: Consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) is increasing blood total cholesterol, LpPLA2 enzyme and MDA level which is a cause of atherosclerosis that should be controlled by antioxidants. Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella v.) extract has an antioxidant compounds. This research proves the effect of Volvariella v. extract on blood total cholesterol (TC), LpPLA2 enzyme and MDA level, and proves correlation between TC with LpPLA2 enzyme and MDA level.Methods: A randomized post test only control group design to twenty four of 8-10 weeks old male Rattus novergicus Wistar strain with 180-200 gram were divided into four group; K1 with standard diet, K2 with HFD, each X1 and X2 with HFD+Volvariella v. extract 500 mg/kg.bwt/day and 1000 mg/kg.bwt/day. All treatments for 56 days. TC levels assesed by enzymatic colorimetric test method, LpPLA2 enzyme with ELISA method and MDA with TBARs method. Data were analyzed by one way Anova, LSD post hoc and Pearson’s correlation.Results: TC mean of K1 (91,28±1,55 mg/dL), K2 (181,96±4,19 mg/dL), X1 (122,94±2,75 mg/dL) and X2 (105,86±2,25 mg/dL); p=0,001. Enzyme LpPLA2 mean of K1 (2,65±3,19 ng/mL), K2 (1,29±1,35 ng/mL), X1 (3,92±2,18 ng/mL), X2 (2,05±3,29 ng/mL); p=0,385 and blood MDA mean of K1 (1,17±0,12 nmol/mL), K2 (5,75±0,21 nmol/mL), X1 (2,96±0,91 nmol/mL) and X2 (1,77±0,92 nmol/mL); p=0,001. Correlation between TC and LpPLA2 enzyme was shown by X1 group (p=0,042; r = - 0,827).Conclusion:Volvariella v. extract decreased blood total cholesterol and MDA level significantly, did not significant to LpPLA2 enzyme. There wss a correlation between TC and LpPLA2 enzyme but was not to TC and blood MDA.

MENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH DENGAN GEL ALOE VERA LINN

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kolesterol merupakan susbtansi yang dibutuhkan tubuh; namun dalam jumlah berlebihan dalam darah, kolesterol menjadi resiko gangguan jantung dan penyakit pembuluh darah. Kandungan fitokimia pada aloe vera atau di Indonesia dikenal sebagai lidah buaya berpotensi untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengivestigasi pengaruh gel aloe vera pada kadar total kolesterol darah klien dengan hypercholesterolemia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experimental dengan pre-test dan post-test design. Sebanyak 30 responden dipilih dengan dengan purposive sampling yang kemudian dibagi dalam dua kelompok intervensi, 15 responden pada setiap kelompok. Kelompok I diberi 100 g gel aloe vera setiap pagi sedangkan kelompok II diberi 100 g gel aloe vera di pagi hari dan 100 g gel aloe vera disore hari, intervensi ini dilakukan selama 7 hari. Kadar total kolesterol darah diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah 7 hari intervensi. Hasil: Rata-rata kadar total kolesterol darah sebelum terapi pada kelompok I adalah 224. 53 mg/dL menjadi 196.67 mg/dL setelah terapi. Pada kelompok II, mengalami penurunan dari 223.73 mg/dL sebelum terapi menjadi 201.27 mg/dL setelah terapi. Hasil uji paired t-test menunjukkan penurunan signifikan pada kedua kelompok dengan p=<.05. Diskusi: Penurunan kadar kolesterol darah setelah terapi aloe vera dikarenakan oleh komposisi fitokimia yang berperan sebagai antioksidan, menghambat stress oksidasi dan menghambat absorpsi kolesterol dari saluran cerna.  Kata Kunci: aloe vera, kolesterol darah  ABSTRACT Introduction: Cholesterol is a substance required by the body; however in excessive amounts in the blood, cholesterol is a risk for heart problems and vascular diseases. Phytochemical content in aloe vera or in Indonesia known as “lidah buaya” has the potential to lower blood cholesterol levels. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of aloe vera gel on blood total cholesterol level of clients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This study utilized the quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 respondents were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two intervention groups, 15 respondents in each group. Group I was given 100 g of aloe vera gel every morning, while group II was given 100 g of aloe vera gel in the morning and 100 g of aloe vera gel late afternoon, these interventions were performed for 7 days. Total blood cholesterol levels checked before and after the 7-day intervention. Results: The mean of blood total cholesterol level before therapy in group I was 224. 53 mg /dL and becomes 196.67 mg/dL after. In group II, it decreased from 223.73 mg /dL before therapy to 201.27 mg / dL after therapy. The result of paired t-test showed a significant reduction in both groups, p = <. 05. Discussion: The reduction in blood cholesterol levels after aloe vera therapy due to its composition of phytochemicals that act as antioxidants, inhibiting oxidative stress and prevents the absorption of cholesterol from the digestive tract. Keywords: Aloe vera, blood cholesterol

MANFAAT JERUK NIPIS (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) DAN OLAHRAGA UNTUK MENURUNKAN KOLESTEROL TOTAL KLIEN DEWASA

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Tanpa penanganan kesehatan,klien hiperkolesterolemia akan mengalami komplikasi penyakit kardiovaskular dan bahkan kematian. Berolahraga dan pengobatan antihiperlipidemia dapat menurunkan resiko tersebut. Jeruk nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia) mengandung fitokimia yang memiliki efek menurunkan kolesterol darah. Tujuan: Untukmengetahui efek dari terapi jeruk nipis dan terapi jeruk nipis dibarengi olaraga terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol total darah. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi-experimental research design dengan membandingkan dua kelompok intervensi. Teknik sampling purposive digunakan untuk memilih 20 orang partisipan yang secara acak dibagi dalam 2 kelompok intervensi. Partisipan di kelompok pertama meminum jus jeruk nipis 1,5 cc/kgbb setiap pagi selama 7 hari. Sedangkan partisipan di kelompok kedua meminum jus jeruk nipis dengan dosis yang sama ditambah dengan olahraga 30 menit perhari selama 6 hari. Hasil: Rata-rata kadar kolesterol total responden pada kedua kelompok sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan (p=<.05). Sedangkan skor pencapaian oleh kedua kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan. Diskusi: Terapi jus jeruk nipis efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah karena kandungan fitokimianya yang aktif sebagai agen hipolipidemik.  Kata Kunci: Jeruk nipis, Kadar kolesterol darah ABSTRACT Introduction: Without health management, hypercholesterolemic clients would have cardiovascular diseases as complication, and even death. Exercise and anti-hyperlipidemic medication can decreased these health risks Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) possess phytochemicals that have reducing effects on blood cholesterol. Aim: To determine the effects of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) therapy and lime therapy with exercise on reducing blood total cholesterol level. Method: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design which compared two groups intervention. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 20 participants that randomly divided into 2 intervention groups. Participants in the first group drinks 1,5 cc/kgbw of lime juice every morning for 7 days. While participants in the second group drinks the same dosage of lime juice with 30 minutes exercise every day for 6 days. Results: The mean of total cholesterol level of participants in both groups before and after intervention reveal a significant changes (p=<.05). While the gain score of the two groups reveals no significant difference. Discussion: Lime juice therapy effective in reducing blood total cholesterol level for its active phytochemicals that acts as hypolipidemic agent. Key words: Cholesterol level, Lime Full printable version: PDF