Electroconvulsive seizures lead to lipolytic‐induced gene expression changes in mediobasal hypothalamus and decreased white adipose tissue mass

AbstractIndividual housing from weaning onwards resulted in reduced growth rate during adolescence in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice. Body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice during adulthood, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice results in impaired adolescent growth and higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood. Mice are widely used to study obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. For (metabolic) research models using mice, (social) housing practices should be carefully considered and regarded as a potential confounder due to their modulating effect on metabolic health outcomes.

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Resistin expression and plasma concentration peak at different times during pregnancy in rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.05932 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 185 (3) ◽

pp. 551-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sergio Caja ◽

Izaskun Martínez ◽

María Abelenda ◽

Marisa Puerta

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Post Partum ◽

Time Lag ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass

Resistin has been proposed as both an anti-adipogenic factor and an inducer of insulin resistance. During late pregnancy, white adipose tissue mass increases and insulin sensitivity decreases. To check for the involvement of resistin in these processes, we measured plasma resistin in pregnant and non-pregnant rats and in lactating dams. Plasma resistin increased by day 15 of pregnancy and remained high 5 days post partum. The simultaneous increase in plasma resistin concentration and the decrease in insulin sensitivity is compatible with resistin depressing maternal insulin sensitivity. Resistin expression increased 5–15 times in visceral white adipose tissue depots by day 8 of pregnancy but was similar to pre-pregnancy values by day 19. Resistin expression in the placenta and mammary gland was similar to that in the parametrial adipose depot by day 8 but was almost null by day 19. There was therefore a time-lag between the peaks in expression and in plasma concentration. White adipose tissue mass increased without changes in adipocyte size once peaks in resistin expression had passed, which is compatible with an anti-adipogenic role for enhanced resistin expression. A bolus injection of chorionic gonadotrophin – which peaks in early pregnancy – to non-pregnant rats increased resistin expression in white adipose tissue, indicating that this hormone is involved in controlling resistin expression. Resistin was not detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Our results have suggested a role for resistin in pregnancy.

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Troglitazone increases the number of small adipocytes without the change of white adipose tissue mass in obese Zucker rats.

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci1235 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 1354-1361 ◽

Cited By ~ 743

Author(s):

A Okuno ◽

H Tamemoto ◽

K Tobe ◽

K Ueki ◽

Y Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass ◽

Obese Zucker Rats

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Activation of adipose tissue glycerokinase contributes to increased white adipose tissue mass in mice fed a high-fat diet

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-020-02288-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 79-91

Author(s):

Samyra Lopes Buzelle ◽

Franciele Przygodda ◽

Rafael Rossi-Valentim ◽

Graziella Nascimento Ferreira ◽

Maria Antonieta Rissato Garófalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass

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High Dietary Sodium Intake Increases White Adipose Tissue Mass and Plasma Leptin in Rats*

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2007.261 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2200-2208 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Miriam H. Fonseca-Alaniz ◽

Luciana C. Brito ◽

Cristina N. Borges-Silva ◽

Julie Takada ◽

Sandra Andreotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass ◽

Plasma Leptin

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Suboptimal maternal nutrition during early-to-mid gestation in the sheep enhances pericardial adiposity in the near-term fetus

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd14007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shalini Ojha ◽

Michael E. Symonds ◽

Helen Budge

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Insulin Receptor Gene ◽

Pericardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Near Term ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

Manipulation of the maternal diet at defined stages of gestation influences long-term health by inducing changes in fetal adipose tissue development, characterised as possessing brown and white adipocytes. We determined whether suboptimal maternal nutrition in early-to-mid gestation, followed by ad libitum feeding until term, increases adiposity in the pericardial depot of the sheep fetus. Pericardial adipose tissue was sampled from near-term (140 days) fetuses delivered to mothers fed either 100% (C) or 60% (i.e. nutrient restricted (NR)) of their total metabolisable requirements from 28 to 80 days gestation and then fed ad libitum. Adipose tissue mass, uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and gene expression of brown and white adipogenic genes was measured. Total visceral and pericardial adiposity was increased in offspring born to NR mothers. The abundance of UCP1 was increased, together with those genes involved in brown (e.g. BMP7 and C/EBPβ) and white (e.g. BMP4 and C/EBPα) adipogenesis, whereas insulin receptor gene expression was downregulated. In conclusion, suboptimal maternal nutrition between early-to-mid gestation followed by ad libitum feeding enhances pericardial adiposity near to term. A combination of raised UCP1 and adipose tissue mass could improve survival following cold exposure at birth. In the longer term, this enhanced adipogenic potential could predispose to greater pericardial adiposity.

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High fat diet induces an increase in the direct phosphorylation of glycerol which can contribute for the increase in white adipose tissue mass (575.2)

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.575.2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Samyra Buzelle ◽

Graziella Ferreira‐Sodré ◽

Rafael Valentim ◽

Franciele Przygodda ◽

Maria Antonieta Garófalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass

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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Visceral Adiposity Partly through the Regulation of Beclin1-Dependent Autophagy in White Adipose Tissues

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3072

Author(s):

Cheoljun Choi ◽

Hyun-Doo Song ◽

Yeonho Son ◽

Yoon Keun Cho ◽

Sang-Yeop Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Egcg Treatment ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a primary bioactive phytochemical in green tea. Its therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of EGCG have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of EGCG on lipid metabolism and autophagy in adipose tissue. After 8 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, mice were treated with EGCG (20 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks to test in vivo anti-obesity effects of EGCG. EGCG treatment improved glucose tolerance and caused body weight loss. Interestingly, reduced adipose tissue mass was more prominent in visceral compared to subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, EGCG treatment increased autophagic flux in white adipose tissue through the AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling pathway. Adipocyte-specific knockout of Beclin1 mitigated the effects of EGCG on visceral adipose tissue mass and glucose tolerance, indicating that the anti-obesity effect of EGCG requires Beclin1-dependent autophagy. Collectively, our data demonstrated that EGCG has anti-obesity effects through the upregulation of Beclin1-dependent autophagy and lipid catabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT).

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