Chronic glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome induced in rats with N,N′-diacetylbenzidine

1971 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis

scholarly journals ASSOTIATIONS OF PECULIARITIES OF HLA-PHENOTYPE AND THE SENSIBILITY TO THE CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

2017 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
M. Kolesnyk ◽  
G. Drannik ◽  
V. Driyanska ◽  
O. Petrina ◽  
M. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Steroid Sensitive ◽  
Steroid Sensitivity ◽  
Hla Phenotype

The purpose of study was determination of HLA -antigens I and II classes as predictors of ineffectiveness of initial steroid therapy, and according prognozonegative markers of chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. Methods. In 59 chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome patients (steroid sensitive n=33 (1 gr.) and steroid resistant’s n= 26 (2 gr.)) and 350 healthy donors( control group) studied HLA antigens I and II classes of the special anti- HLA-antigens panel (20 antigens of locus A, 31 – of locus B and 9- of locus DR). Result. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome with hormone sensitivity relative risk is high at the presents of A28 (RR=8,5, r р <0,001), it made attributive risk (=0,37). In comparison with a control group, RR>2 for antigens  A11  (RR=2,23), A23 (RR=4,28),  A24 (RR=3,3),  A29 (RR=10,78) that A30 (RR=11,23); attributive risk more than 0,1 for the antigen A11 (=0,16) ; A24 (=0,13), other did not differ from control. Subzero connection is exposed for the antigens of A2 (р<0,001), А9 (р=0,007). In locus antigen B14 (RR=5,65, р =0,001) are exposed, B44 (RR=48,25, р =0,004), B51(RR=12,32, р =0,006) and attributive risk of development of disease (according =0,24, 0,12 ; 0,14); and antigens B38 and B41 (RR=11,57, р=0,05). The steroid sensitivity was associated with the antigens B5 (p=0,033), B12 (p=0,005) and B35 (p=0,021). In locus DR made etiologic faction antigens DR4 (RR=7,0 and =0,24) DRw52 (RR=7,0 and =0,25). Conclusions. For patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with a nephrotic syndrome antigens of HLA-B14,B38, B51, DRw52 are associated with steroid sensitivity. The attributive risk of steroid resistance is high for split A19+31+32, antigens B8, B55.

Approach to the Patient with Glomerular Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Glassock ◽  
An S De Vriese ◽  
Fernando C. Fervenza
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Glomerular diseases of the kidneys are associated with a limited array of clinical syndromes, including asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria, acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. The specific diseases that underlie these syndromes are numerous and heterogeneous. Broadly, they may be divided into primary and secondary disorders depending on whether the kidneys are the sole organs affected or whether other organ systems are also involved in the disease processes. A systematic approach involving a careful history, physical examination, assessment of renal function, and urinalysis (composition and microscopy) and protein excretion, combined with biochemical and serologic testing, can provide important clues to diagnosis and prognosis. Renal biopsy is often required for a complete and accurate diagnosis as well as a prognosis and therapeutic decision making. This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables and 92 references Key words: glomerular filtration rate, glomerulonephritis, hematuria, nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal biopsy, serum complement

scholarly journals Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Perditer Okyere ◽  
Isaac Okyere ◽  
Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
Joseph Attakorah ◽  
Charlotte Osafo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Leg Edema ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background. Renal diseases over the years have become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we assessed the spectrum and clinical characteristics of Ghanaians with renal diseases at the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi. Methods. This was a retrospective hospital-based study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from the years 2005 to 2017. A non-randomized sampling approach was used to include 1426 participants who were diagnosed with AKI, CKD, ESRD, and nephrotic syndrome at the nephrology unit of KATH during the years under review. All the 1426 patients were eligible for the study. Demographic characteristics as well as clinical data such as the kind of renal disease presentation, causes of the renal disease, and the treatment options were also obtained from their records. Results. Overall, 1009 of the total participants had CKD (70.76%), 295 participants had ESRD (20.69%), 72 participants had AKI (5.05%), and 50 participants had nephrotic syndrome (3.51%). Furthermore, 69 (23.4%) participants with ESRD were on dialysis whiles 6 (8.3) and 17 (1.7) participants with only AKI and CKD superimposed AKI, respectively, were on dialysis. 226 (76.6%) participants with ESRD were on conservative therapy. Hypertension emerged as the major cause of renal disease presentation (53.93%) with bilateral leg edema (13.46%) being the major complaint. There was a significant association between CKD and age (p≤0.001). Nephrotic syndrome also showed a significant association with age (p≤0.001). Conclusion. This study revealed that patients at the nephrology unit of KATH, Ghana, are mainly adults between ages 46–55. The clinical pattern of renal diseases is dominated by CKD and ESRD. We conclude that hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and sepsis are the most common causes of renal diseases. The commonest clinical presentations are bilateral leg edema, palpitations, headache, breathlessness, dizziness, and vomiting. Early diagnosis and management of these conditions may prevent or delay the progress to end-stage renal disease.

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-503
Author(s):  
LEWIS A. BARNESS ◽  
GRETCHEN H. MOLL ◽  
CHARLES A. JANEWAY
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Macroscopic Hematuria ◽  
Heavy Proteinuria ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Sources Of Infection

The records of 208 patients with the nephrotic syndrome seen in the Children's and Infants' Hospitals of Boston from 1926 to 1948 have been reviewed. The main criteria found for differentiating between lipoid nephrosis and the nephrotic stage of chronic glomerulonephritis have been the presence of hypertension or azotemia for longer than one month in patients with the latter disease, which occurs more frequently in children over four years of age. Other features of the two diseases may be indistinguishable. Nonetheless, it is desirable to differentiate between them, as apparently few if any patients recover from the nephrotic syndrome if the evidences of glomerulonephritis are clear-cut. Lipoid nephrosis is characterized by the insidious onset of edema in young children, usually between the ages of one and four. Findings include edema, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia and heavy proteinuria. Blood pressure may be elevated for short periods, but rarely over one month. Microscopic hematuria does not exclude the diagnosis, though macroscopic hematuria is usually evidence of glomenular involvement. Symptoms and findings in lipoid nephrosis may persist for from one to three years without specific therapy. Exacerbations with infection, followed by remissions shortly after the infection, and remission soon after the onset of the disease are relatively common. Prognosis is not related to the number or duration of exacerbations. Death before 1942 was chiefly due to an intercurrent infection. Since 1942, with the advent of sulfadiazine and the newer antibiotics, death from infection has become less common, and has usually occurred at home, presumably because treatment was not promptly instituted. There is apparently no constitutional defect in these children before the onset of the disease, and growth and development are normal after recovery. No form of treatment has been found wholly satisfactory. Paracentesis, transfusion and low salt diet are the most common supportive measures used here. Antibiotics are valuable during infections and have apparently lowered the mortality of the disease in recent years. Focal sources of infection should be eliminated by operative procedure only when surgical intervention is definitely indicated. Injections of salt-poor concentrated human serum albumin and the induction of measles are being evaluated as methods of inducing a diuresis. In this series approximately one half of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of lipoid nephrosis have apparently recovered completely without residual disease, while a small number show persistent albuminuria or hypertension. It is hoped that with closer supervision of the patients and with adequate chemotherapy, this figure can be significantly increased in the future.

RENAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Henry L. Barnett ◽  
Jack Metcoff
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Gross Hematuria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Latent Interval ◽  
Hospital Statistics

Incidence and Epidemiology A frequent kidney disease in childhood, is usually recognized if gross hematuria is present, but may not be recognized in the absence of this manifestation. In the presence of epidemics of this disease it has been discovered that nearly 20 times the number of recognized cases of the disease may exist in a community as otherwise unrecognized cases unless specially sought for. Acute hemorrhagic nephritis is often associated with infections caused by Group A, Type 12 Hemohytic streptococcus. The occurrence of acute nephritis following infection with one of the specific nephrogenic streptococci may account for the limited recurrence of instances of acute nephritis; owing to development of type-specific immunity. Current knowledge concerning the incidence of acute hemorrhagic nephritis is largely based on data from hospital statistics. Clinical Course The clinical course of acute nephritis indicates that between 90 and 95 per cent of children with this disease recover completely; 3 to 5 per cent die, usually in the acute phase during the first week of the disease, and that the remaining 2 to 5 per cent develop chronic glomerulonephritis. Few patients with glomerulonephritis have a long latent interval following the acute phase, with subsequent chronic glomerulonephritis; the chronic form of the disease usually occurs, if at all, within a few years of the initial episode. Few if any patients with acute glomerulonephritis in childhood subsequently develop the nephrotic syndrome. The nephrotic syndrome has been observed only following explosive onsets of acute nephritis associated with variable periods of anuiria, and obvious extensive nephron damage.

scholarly journals LIPID METABOLISM DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME AND METHODS OF THEIR CORRECTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
A N Fedoseev ◽  
O N Novikova ◽  
V V Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Disease Remission ◽  
Lipid Exchange ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Lipid Reduction ◽  
The Given

We studied possibility of secondary hyperlipidemia correction at a nephrotic syndrome in 68 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Research has shown that use immunosupressive pathogenetic therapy in a combination with statins and plasmosorption has advantage before its combination only with lipid reduction preparation or only with plasmosorption. The given method of treatment allows to achieve improvement of lipid exchange indicators and disease remission for shorter terms in comparison with standard therapy.

Approach to the Patient with Glomerular Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Glassock ◽  
An S De Vriese ◽  
Fernando C. Fervenza
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Glomerular diseases of the kidneys are associated with a limited array of clinical syndromes, including asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria, acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. The specific diseases that underlie these syndromes are numerous and heterogeneous. Broadly, they may be divided into primary and secondary disorders depending on whether the kidneys are the sole organs affected or whether other organ systems are also involved in the disease processes. A systematic approach involving a careful history, physical examination, assessment of renal function, and urinalysis (composition and microscopy) and protein excretion, combined with biochemical and serologic testing, can provide important clues to diagnosis and prognosis. Renal biopsy is often required for a complete and accurate diagnosis as well as a prognosis and therapeutic decision making. This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables and 92 references Key words: glomerular filtration rate, glomerulonephritis, hematuria, nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal biopsy, serum complement

scholarly journals Clinical Application of Urikinase to Nephropathy. (Report of Group Study)

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Histological Classification ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

Coagulation and fibrinolysis system have been imagined to have some pathogenic influence on various kinds of nephropathy. Our study group on the clinical effect of urokinase (UK) administration to nephropathies applied this material to 106 patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndreome with different causes and renal failure together with 25 control subjects. From 120×104 to 900×104 units of UK was given in ten to twenty-two days solely or together with corticosteroid, dipyridamole, Clofibrate, furosemide, spironolactone, -methyl-dopa, indomethacine, cyclophosphamide, azathiopurine and so on. Heparin was also employed to some control or comparison cases in daily doses of five to fifteen thousand units.Daily amounts of urine, urinary protein, phenolsulphon-phthalein excretion, creatinine clearance were found responsive to UK administration and their beneficial changes were realized statistically in cases of chronic glomerulonephritis (22 cases in 47), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (2 in 5), nephrotic syndrome (5 in 35) and some others showed only decrease of urinary protein. As for the cases of renal failure, no definite coclusion was drawn. Only a few cases gave some clues of side effect such as headache, nausea and aggravated hematuria. Histological classification was also tried to find that the proliferative type was most responsive to this treatment.

scholarly journals NPHS1 and NPHS2 genes in children with nephrotic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Baylarov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
European Population ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Steroid Resistant

Analyzed the current status of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in children, listed the known aspects of pathogenesis and what remains to be studied. In particular, data on the burden of disease (incidence, prevalence, rate of progression) are missing or limited; available information on the relationship of known risk factors regarding morbidity, prevalence and progression are limited; insufficient data on the importance of maternal health factors and fetal risk factors. Genetic causes of CGN vary in different places and knowledge remains limited. CGN is characterized by genetically determined immuno-mediated inflammation of the renal glomeruli, accompanied by the integration of all the structures of the kidneys into the pathological process. The data on the association of NPHS1 and NPHS2 polymorphisms that play an important role in the molecular mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome in various populations are presented. It is noted that in the European population the most frequent polymorphism associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS) is R138Q (rs74315342). NPHS1 and NPHS2 are common among Iranian children with steroid-resistant NS, and p.R229Q mutations are not registered. In contrast to Iranian adolescents, in the Russian population in children with this pathology, a frequent association of the polymorphic marker R229Q in the heterozygous state was revealed. A low mutation rate in NPHS1 and NPHS2 was found in Pakistani children with NS, whereas in children with NA, from the Iranian population, NPHS1 rs437168, but not NPHS2 rs61747728, was associated with NA. Several studies have shown that mutations in the NPHS2 gene occur in 20 % to 30 % of sporadic cases of steroid-resistant NS. Attention is drawn to the lack of knowledge of the polymorphism of these genes in Azerbaijani children with CGN.

scholarly journals Assessment of the state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in children with nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
R O Beglyarov
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Control Value ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Aim. Study of the activity of lipid peroxidation and state of antioxidant system in children with a nephrotic form of chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods. 104 children with a nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis were examined. The average age of children was 10.18±4.03 years. 46.2% of children were in remission, 32.7% of children had 1st degree of activity, 14.4% had 2nd degree, and 6.7% had 3d degree of nephrotic syndrome. Control group included 30 children without chronic glomerulonephritis. The levels of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in blood plasma and erythrocytes were determined. Results. In children with chronic glomerulonephritis the concentration of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde was elevated in blood plasma and erythrocytes. In erythrocytes their concentration was statistically significantly higher at all degrees of activity of nephrotic syndrome than in control group. The level of catalase in patients’ blood plasma in comparison with the control value was reduced by 16.6%, in erythrocyte mass - by 25.9% (p

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