Particle percolation in a poly(lactic acid)/calcium carbonate nanocomposite with a small amount of a secondary phase and its influence on the mechanical properties

Noise pollution has been identified as a cause of a broad spectrum of diseases, motivating researchers to identify building materials capable of attenuating this pollution. The most common solution is the use of gypsum boards, which show a good response for low frequencies but have a poorer response for high frequencies. In addition, due to environmental concerns associated with buildings, the use of materials that minimize environmental impacts must be favored. In this research, two biopolymers, a poly(lactic) acid and a bio-polyethylene, were filled with two typologies of calcium carbonate, and their soundproofing properties were tested using impedance tubes. In addition, the morphology of the fillers was characterized, and here we discuss its impact on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the incorporation of calcium carbonate into bio-based thermoplastic materials can represent a strong alternative to gypsum, because their mechanical properties and sound barrier performance are superior. In addition, the inclusion of mineral fillers in thermoplastic materials has a positive impact on production costs, in addition to preserving the advantages of thermoplastics in terms of processing and recycling. Although the use of carbonate calcium decreases the mechanical properties of the materials, it enables the production of materials with insulation that is four-fold higher than that of gypsum. This demonstrates the potential of these materials as building lightweight solutions.

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Crystallization behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/tributyl citrate/treated calcium carbonate composites

Polymer Composites ◽

10.1002/pc.22810 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 1570-1582 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Nan Shi ◽

Qiang Dou

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Crystallization Behavior ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Morphology And Mechanical Properties

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Conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon black-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA/CB) composites

Iranian Polymer Journal ◽

10.1007/s13726-021-00973-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jipeng Guo ◽

Chi-Hui Tsou ◽

Yongqi Yu ◽

Chin-San Wu ◽

Xuemei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Poly Lactic Acid

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A Review: Research Progress in Modification of Poly (Lactic Acid) by Lignin and Cellulose

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13050776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Sixiang Zhai ◽

Qingying Liu ◽

Yuelong Zhao ◽

Hui Sun ◽

Biao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Crystallization Rate ◽

Research Progress ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Green Composite ◽

Materials Development ◽

Research Attention ◽

Biomass Components

With the depletion of petroleum energy, the possibility of prices of petroleum-based materials increasing, and increased environmental awareness, biodegradable materials as a kind of green alternative have attracted more and more research attention. In this context, poly (lactic acid) has shown a unique combination of properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good workability. However, examples of its known drawbacks include poor tensile strength, low elongation at break, poor thermal properties, and low crystallization rate. Lignocellulosic materials such as lignin and cellulose have excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties. Compounding such biomass components with poly (lactic acid) is expected to prepare green composite materials with improved properties of poly (lactic acid). This paper is aimed at summarizing the research progress of modification of poly (lactic acid) with lignin and cellulose made in in recent years, with emphasis on effects of lignin and cellulose on mechanical properties, thermal stability and crystallinity on poly (lactic acid) composite materials. Development of poly (lactic acid) composite materials in this respect is forecasted.

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Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Containing Poly(Glycolic Acid) Fiber and Hydroxyapatite Particles

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11010249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Han-Seung Ko ◽

Sangwoon Lee ◽

Doyoung Lee ◽

Jae Young Jho

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Glycolic Acid ◽

Compact Bone ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Coupling Reactions ◽

The Poor ◽

Human Compact Bone

To enhance the mechanical strength and bioactivity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to the level that can be used as a material for spinal implants, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) were introduced as fillers to PLA composites. To improve the poor interface between HA and PLA, HA was grafted by PLA to form HA-g-PLA through coupling reactions, and mixed with PLA. The size of the HA particles in the PLA matrix was observed to be reduced from several micrometers to sub-micrometer by grafting PLA onto HA. The tensile and flexural strength of PLA/HA-g-PLA composites were increased compared with those of PLA/HA, apparently due to the better dispersion of HA and stronger interfacial adhesion between the HA and PLA matrix. We also examined the effects of the length and frequency of grafted PLA chains on the tensile strength of the composites. By the addition of unidirectionally aligned PGA fibers, the flexural strength of the composites was greatly improved to a level comparable with human compact bone. In the bioactivity tests, the growth of apatite on the surface was fastest and most uniform in the PLA/PGA fiber/HA-g-PLA composite.

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Poly(Lactic Acid)–Poly(Butylene Succinate)–Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part I: Mechanics of Composites with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13152531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2531

Author(s):

Rodion Kopitzky

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Fracture Patterns ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

The Impact

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds based on bio-based polyesters. The heterogeneous cell structure of sugar beet suggests that the processing of SBP can affect the properties of the composite. An “Ultra-Rotor” type air turbulence mill was used to produce SBP particles of different sizes. These particles were processed in a twin-screw extruder with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and fillers to granules for possible marketable formulations. Different screw designs, compatibilizers and the use of glycerol as a thermoplasticization agent for SBP were also tested. The spherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal-like shaped particles of SBP are not suitable for usage as a fiber-like reinforcement. In addition, the fineness of ground SBP affects the mechanical properties because (i) a high proportion of polar surfaces leads to poor compatibility, and (ii) due to the inner structure of the particulate matter, the strength of the composite is limited to the cohesive strength of compressed sugar-cell compartments of the SBP. The compatibilization of the polymer–matrix–particle interface can be achieved by using compatibilizers of different types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture patterns show that the compatibilization can lead to both well-bonded particles and cohesive fracture patterns in the matrix. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties are limited by the impact and elongation behavior. Therefore, the applications of SBP-based composites must be well considered.

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