scholarly journals A Review: Research Progress in Modification of Poly (Lactic Acid) by Lignin and Cellulose

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Sixiang Zhai ◽  
Qingying Liu ◽  
Yuelong Zhao ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Biao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Biomass Components

With the depletion of petroleum energy, the possibility of prices of petroleum-based materials increasing, and increased environmental awareness, biodegradable materials as a kind of green alternative have attracted more and more research attention. In this context, poly (lactic acid) has shown a unique combination of properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good workability. However, examples of its known drawbacks include poor tensile strength, low elongation at break, poor thermal properties, and low crystallization rate. Lignocellulosic materials such as lignin and cellulose have excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties. Compounding such biomass components with poly (lactic acid) is expected to prepare green composite materials with improved properties of poly (lactic acid). This paper is aimed at summarizing the research progress of modification of poly (lactic acid) with lignin and cellulose made in in recent years, with emphasis on effects of lignin and cellulose on mechanical properties, thermal stability and crystallinity on poly (lactic acid) composite materials. Development of poly (lactic acid) composite materials in this respect is forecasted.

Effect of Compatibilizers on Composite Materials of Bio-Ethanol Byproduct-Poly(lacticacid)

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4088-4092
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiao Huan Liu ◽  
Chun Peng Wang ◽  
Li Wei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Process Effects ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The blend composite materials of bio-ethanol byproduct-Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were produced by a twin-screw extrusion process. Effects of bio-ethanol byproduct (BEB) contents and different compatibilizers on properties of composite materials were investigated. The research showed that with the increase of contents of bio-ethanol byproduct, the mechanical properties decreased. The mechanical properties of composites were improved by adding the compatibilizers, especially the polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-MAH). When the PP-MAH content was 2.5%, the mechanical properties of the composite materials were superior to others.

scholarly journals Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)–Graphene Nanoscroll Nanocomposites: Role of Tubular, Planar, and Scrolled Carbon Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Ajala ◽  
Caroline Werther ◽  
Rauf Mahmudzade ◽  
Peyman Nikaeen ◽  
Dilip Depan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Avrami Model ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Kinetics Of

Graphene nanoscrolls (GNS) are 1D carbon-based nanoparticles. In this study, they were investigated as a heterogeneous nucleating agent in the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. The isothermal and non-isothermal melting behavior and crystallization kinetics of PLA-GNS nanocomposites were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Low GNS content not only accelerated the crystallization rate, but also the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The Avrami model was used to fit raw experimental data, and to evaluate the crystallization kinetics for both isothermal and non-isothermal runs through the nucleation and growth rate. Additionally, the effect of the dimensionality and structure of the nanoparticle on the crystallization behavior and kinetics of PLA is discussed. GNS, having a similar fundamental unit as CNT and GNP, were observed to possess superior mechanical properties when analyzed by the nanoindentation technique. The scrolled architecture of GNS facilitated a better interface and increased energy absorption with PLA compared to CNTs and GNPs, resulting in superior mechanical properties.

Properties of poly(lactic acid)/durian husk fiber biocomposites: Effects of fiber content and processing aid

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1518-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Chee Lee ◽  
Seong Chun Koay ◽  
Ming Yeng Chan ◽  
Hui Leng Choo ◽  
Ming Meng Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Negative Effect

Biocomposites are sustainable composite materials that, owing to their many benefits, have attracted interest of industry. In the present research, the durian husk fiber (DHF) was used as natural fiber in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites. This study focused on the effects of fiber and processing aid content on the processing torque, tensile, thermal, and morphological properties of PLA/DHF biocomposites. The biocomposites with high fiber content have strength and modulus that are suitable for nonstructural application. The processing aid used was Ultra-Plast XP519. The addition of Ultra-Plast XP519 significantly improved the processing by lowering the torque, but it brought negative effect on mechanical properties.

Conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon black-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA/CB) composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Guo ◽  
Chi-Hui Tsou ◽  
Yongqi Yu ◽  
Chin-San Wu ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Containing Poly(Glycolic Acid) Fiber and Hydroxyapatite Particles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Han-Seung Ko ◽  
Sangwoon Lee ◽  
Doyoung Lee ◽  
Jae Young Jho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Human Compact Bone

To enhance the mechanical strength and bioactivity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to the level that can be used as a material for spinal implants, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) were introduced as fillers to PLA composites. To improve the poor interface between HA and PLA, HA was grafted by PLA to form HA-g-PLA through coupling reactions, and mixed with PLA. The size of the HA particles in the PLA matrix was observed to be reduced from several micrometers to sub-micrometer by grafting PLA onto HA. The tensile and flexural strength of PLA/HA-g-PLA composites were increased compared with those of PLA/HA, apparently due to the better dispersion of HA and stronger interfacial adhesion between the HA and PLA matrix. We also examined the effects of the length and frequency of grafted PLA chains on the tensile strength of the composites. By the addition of unidirectionally aligned PGA fibers, the flexural strength of the composites was greatly improved to a level comparable with human compact bone. In the bioactivity tests, the growth of apatite on the surface was fastest and most uniform in the PLA/PGA fiber/HA-g-PLA composite.

scholarly journals Poly(Lactic Acid)–Poly(Butylene Succinate)–Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part I: Mechanics of Composites with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Rodion Kopitzky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds based on bio-based polyesters. The heterogeneous cell structure of sugar beet suggests that the processing of SBP can affect the properties of the composite. An “Ultra-Rotor” type air turbulence mill was used to produce SBP particles of different sizes. These particles were processed in a twin-screw extruder with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and fillers to granules for possible marketable formulations. Different screw designs, compatibilizers and the use of glycerol as a thermoplasticization agent for SBP were also tested. The spherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal-like shaped particles of SBP are not suitable for usage as a fiber-like reinforcement. In addition, the fineness of ground SBP affects the mechanical properties because (i) a high proportion of polar surfaces leads to poor compatibility, and (ii) due to the inner structure of the particulate matter, the strength of the composite is limited to the cohesive strength of compressed sugar-cell compartments of the SBP. The compatibilization of the polymer–matrix–particle interface can be achieved by using compatibilizers of different types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture patterns show that the compatibilization can lead to both well-bonded particles and cohesive fracture patterns in the matrix. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties are limited by the impact and elongation behavior. Therefore, the applications of SBP-based composites must be well considered.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer Blends: Effect of Organoclay Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Chaninthon Ounyai ◽  
Ployvaree Rassamee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Copolymer Blends ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

The effects of four types of organoclay on morphology and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) blends were investigated. The ratio of PLA and PEC was 80/20 by weight and the organoclay content was 5 phr. The morphology analysis showed that the addition of all oganocaly types could improve the miscibility of PLA and PEC blends due to the decreased of the domain sizes of PEC dispersed phase in the polymer matrix. The tensile properties showed Young’s modulus of the PLA/PEC blends was improved after adding clay treated surface with 25-30 wt% trimethyl stearyl ammonium.

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