Personality Traits and Body Weight Measures: Concurrent and Across–Time Associations

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galit Armon ◽  
Samuel Melamed ◽  
Arie Shirom ◽  
Itzhak Shapira ◽  
Shlomo Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Regression ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Gender Specific

We tested the possibility that the five–factor model of personality is associated with three measures of body weight and with changes in their levels over time and that these associations are gender specific. The study was conducted at two points of time, Time 1 (2664 participants) and Time 2 (1492 participants), over approximately 4 years, controlling for gender, age, education, and having a chronic disease. Body weight was assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, waist–to–hip ratio, and the five–factor model by Saucier's Mini–Markers. Cross–sectional regression results indicated that conscientiousness was negatively associated with the three body weight measures, whereas neuroticism and extraversion were positively associated with the three body weight measures. The longitudinal regression results indicate that extraversion was associated with an increase in two of the body weight measures. Neuroticism was associated with increase in all three body weight measures and more strongly for women than for men. Openness was associated with a decrease in all three body weight measures for women, but this association was not significant for men. These findings help identify personality traits that lead to risk of weight gain and point to the modifying role of gender. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Intentional Self-Harm and Personality Traits using Big Five Factor Model in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Level Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
S Paudyal ◽  
SP Ojha ◽  
P Tulachan ◽  
S Dhungana ◽  
R Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: Suicide is an important, largely preventable public health problem. The occurrence of suicide and suicidal behavior has been increasing dramatically. There is a growing recognition that the personality traits is important risk factor for intentional self-harm (suicide/ purposely self-inflicted poisoning or injury). This study was done to assess the personality traits in patients presenting with intentional self-harm and relationship of intent of the self-harm with personality traits. Material And Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in patients presenting with Intentional self-harm to tertiary hospital emergency department. Patients who met inclusion criteria and gave consent during six months period were included, Socio demographic information and detailed history was taken. The suicide intent scale and five factor model rating form were administered to the patients. Results: Most patients who presented with intentional self –harm scored median score of 4 (high) in anger hostility, self-consciousness, impulsivity and altruism traits while in other traits they scored neutral score, which concluded that patients who presented with intentional self–harm were more bitter, short-tempered, timid, impulsive and sacrificial. The study showed that the relation of certain traits as anxiousness, impulsivity, vulnerability, gregariousness, ideas, trust, straightforwardness, altruism, competence, order and SIS grading was statistically significant (p=<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients who presented with intentional self–harm were more bitter, short–tempered, timid, impulsive and sacrificial. Further patients who committed intentional self harm with low intent were more impulsive, vulnerable, outgoing, haphazard and sloppy as compared to those who committed with high intent who were rather more anxious and sacrificial.

Does managerial personality influence pricing practices under uncertainty?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Kienzler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose While marketing and management research suggests that managers’ individual characteristics influence pricing decisions, the influence of personality traits in this context remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between the five basic personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness and neuroticism) and three basic pricing practices (value-, competition- and cost-informed). Design/methodology/approach On the basis of a non-experimental decision-making scenario, the analysis examines the pricing decisions of 57 managers in relation to a new business service. Findings The results suggest that managers’ conscientiousness and openness to experience are positively related to preference for value-informed pricing. Similarly, managers’ agreeableness is positively related to preference for competition-informed pricing and managers’ openness to experience and agreeableness are positively related to preference for cost-informed pricing. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional study design does not support causal inference, and the modest sample size may limit the external validity of the findings. Practical implications By increasing awareness of the influence of personality on pricing preferences, the findings are of relevance to managers who are directly involved in pricing decisions. Additionally, the findings are informative for managers who must assign responsibility for pricing authority within firms. Originality/value This empirical exploration of the relationship between certain personality traits and specific pricing practices contributes to the literature on psychological aspects of pricing theory by showing how managerial personality influences pricing preferences under uncertainty.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Predictive Role of Temperament Dimensions and Attachment Styles on the Five Factor Model of Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Efrat Barel ◽  
Yonathan Mizrachi ◽  
Maayan Nachmani
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report

Background: The present study investigated the role of temperament and attachment security in predicting individual differences in the five factor personality traits among adults. As previous studies suggested the potential moderating role of attachment in the association between temperament and personality traits, the present study sought to examine an interactionist model combining attachment and temperament in explaining individual differences in personality traits. Methods: A sample of 1871 participants (1151 women and 719 men) completed self-report measures of adult attachment style (the Relationships Questionnaire—RQ), temperament dimension (the Fisher Temperament Inventory—FTI), and personality domain (the Five Factor Model—FFM). Results: Partial correlational analyses revealed associations between attachment security and each of the five domains of the FFM, and few associations between some temperament dimensions and several domains of the FFM. Moderated regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the associations between temperament dimensions and the Agreeableness domain of the FFM. Among secure individuals, those with higher scores on the Curious/Energetic, Cautious/Social Norm Compliant and Prosocial/Empathetic scales exhibited higher Agreeableness scores, whereas among insecure individuals, those with higher scores on the Analytic/Tough-minded scale exhibited lower scores on the Agreeableness scale. Conclusion: Overall, the current study provides evidence in support of the substantive role of social-environmental factors (Adult Attachment) as a moderating element bridging temperament-related personality elements and a number of their FFM manifestations.

scholarly journals Pathways from early life SES to dementia risk in old age: The role of personality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A Sesker ◽  
Páraic S O’Súilleabháin ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Damaris Aschwanden ◽  
Martina Luchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objective This study investigates the association between childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) and risk of cognitive impairment in older adulthood, and whether Five Factor Model personality traits mediated this association. Methods A sample of 9,995 participants (mean age = 67.01 years) from the Health and Retirement Study were followed every two years from 2006 to 2018. cSES was tested as a predictor of risk of dementia and risk of cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND). Personality was tested as a mediator of these associations. Models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, and baseline year. Results Although effect sizes were modest, results indicated that lower cSES was associated with higher risk of dementia (HR=0.88, [0.775, 0.985]). Higher cSES was also associated with higher Conscientiousness and lower Neuroticism. Conscientiousness and Neuroticism each accounted for 7.9% of the total effect of cSES on dementia. Results were similar for CIND. Conclusions Early childhood socioeconomic factors may contribute to cognitive impairment in older adulthood, an association mediated, in part, through adult personality traits.

Personality and Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Life Course

Although the belief that personality is linked to health goes back at least to Greek and Roman times, the scientific study of these links began in earnest only during the last century. The field of psychosomatic medicine, which grew out of psychoanalysis, accepted that the body and the mind were closely connected. By the end of the 20th century, the widespread adoption of the five-factor model of personality and the availability of reliable and valid measures of personality traits transformed the study of personality and health. Of the five broad domains of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect/openness), the most consistent findings in relation to health have been obtained for conscientiousness (i.e., hard-working, reliable, self-controlled). People who are more conscientious have better health and live longer lives than those who are less conscientious. These advantages are partly explained by the better health behaviors, good social relationships, and less stress that tend to characterize those who are more conscientious. The causal relation between personality and health may run in both directions; that is, personality influences health, and health influences personality. In addition to disease diagnoses and longevity, changes on biomarkers such as inflammation, cortisol activity, and cellular aging are increasingly used to chart health in relation to personality traits and to test explanatory models. Recognizing that both personality and health change over the life course has promoted longitudinal studies and a life-span approach to the study of personality and health.

The Dark Side of Politics: Participation and the Dark Triad

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172091156
Author(s):  
Philip Chen ◽  
Scott Pruysers ◽  
Julie Blais
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Interest And Knowledge

Personality traits are one piece in the larger puzzle of political participation, but most studies focus on the Five-Factor Model of personality. We argue that the normative implications of the influence of personality on politics are increased when the personality traits being studied correlate with negative social behaviors. We investigate the role of the Dark Triad on political participation as mediated through political beliefs such as interest and knowledge. We find that Psychopathy and Narcissism are positively associated with political interest, but Narcissism is also negatively associated with political knowledge. In addition, both Psychopathy and Narcissism exert a direct, positive influence on participation. Our results imply that individuals exhibiting higher levels of Narcissism are not only less knowledgeable but also more interested in politics and more likely to participate when given the opportunity.

scholarly journals Age Differences in Personality Traits and Social Desirability: A Multi-Rater Multi-Sample Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisi Kööts-Ausmees ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Peter Borkenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Reports

Age differences in personality traits can inform us on the magnitude and qualities of personality development and describing them accurately is therefore of utmost importance. Little research yet has examined age differences by combining more than one source of information, despite many psychologists knowing that any one assessment method is prone to artefacts. We compared age differences in a range of personality traits such as Five-Factor Model (FFM) facets and nuances in self-reports and ratings by knowledgeable informants. Relying on samples from three countries (total N = 5,624) allowed us to cross-validate and meta-analyze the findings. We hypothesized that age differences would be larger in self-reports, because socially desirable responding increases with age. Indeed, we found that age-differences were systematically smaller in informant-reported facets and nuances compared to their self-reported counterparts and that this trend was stronger for traits independently rated as socially desirable. These findings replicated across multiple samples. We also hypothesized that variance of self-reported traits would decrease with age for evaluative traits, but this hypothesis received inconsistent support. We conclude that age differences may be inflated in self-reports partly because of socially desirable responding. However, since we cannot definitively rule out that age differences are underestimated in informant-ratings, they may be best approximated by average trends of self- and informant-reports. We therefore provide meta-analytic age trends for multi-rater composite scores of the FFM traits, their facets, and items. This is among the most rigorous studies yet into cross-sectional age differences in personality traits.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Interracial Contact on Campus

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402096525
Author(s):  
David K. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Interracial Contact ◽  
Diversity In Higher Education ◽  
Interracial Friendships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

It is not well understood why, on diverse college campuses, some students are more likely than others to engage in interracial contact. While research has begun to examine the role of individual differences like personality traits, results have thus far been mixed. This article asks if this might be the result of confounding different forms of interracial contact. Using a sample of nearly 500 university students and drawing on distinctions made in research on diversity in higher education, models examining the relationships between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits and four types of interracial contact are presented: positive and negative cross-racial interactions (CRIs), and two ways of estimating interracial friendships (IRFs)—self-reported composition of close friends as well as the count of ego-network connections. Results show that having an Agreeable personality is associated with perceiving more positive and fewer negative CRIs, while no personality traits are associated with IRFs.

scholarly journals Serendipity as chaos or discovery – exploring the role of personality and sense of coherence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannica Heinström ◽  
◽  
Eero Sormunen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
Research Gap

Introduction. Individual differences have long been said to influence serendipity. Empirically, however, robust evidence is lacking for this connection. This study addressed this research gap by linking serendipity to personality traits and sense of coherence. Method. Data from 140 respondents was collected by an online survey. The survey measured the five-factor model personality traits, sense of coherence and serendipitously found useful and interesting information. Analysis. The data was analysed by a general linear model regression analysis. Results. Only 7% of variance of serendipity/usefulness and 10% of serendipity/interest could be explained by personality and sense of coherence. Usefulness was linked to sense of coherence (low comprehensibility), while interest was linked to personality (extraversion, agreeableness and low negative emotionality). Conclusions. Individual differences in serendipity was found both related to a negative cognitive experience of information chaos and a positive affective-behavioural experience of discovery. Lack of control over the information flow could lead to a sense that acquisition of useful information is governed by chance rather than conscious efforts. Activity, social connectedness and positive emotionality, in turn, would increase the likelihood to discover interesting information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document