scholarly journals Openness to Experience: Expanding the boundaries of Factor V

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

The fifth factor in lexical studies of trait adjectives is commonly interpreted as Intellect, whereas the corresponding factor derived from questionnaire studies is typically identified as Openness to Experience. Intellect as a construct is problematic because it erroneously suggests an equivalence of Factor V with intelligence, describes aspects of Factor III (Conscientiousness) as well as of Factor V, and fails to suggest the diverse psychological correlates that Factor V is known to have. By contrast, Openness to Experience is a broader construct that implies both receptivity to many varieties of experience and a fluid and permeable structure of consciousness. Data from analyses of adjectives, established personality questionnaires, and Hartmann's (1991) new Boundary Questionnaire support these interpretations. The construct of Openness can be transported across geographical and cultural boundaries to function as a universal dimension of personality structure.

scholarly journals Identification of psychological correlates of dietary misreporting under laboratory and free-living environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Joanna Michalowska ◽  
Stephen Whybrow ◽  
Graham W. Horgan ◽  
R. James Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Diet History

Abstract Errors inherent in self-reported measures of energy intake (EI) are substantial and well documented, but correlates of misreporting remain unclear. Therefore, potential predictors of misreporting were examined. In Study One, fifty-nine individuals (BMI = 26·1 (sd 3·8) kg/m2, age = 42·7 (sd 13·6) years, females = 29) completed a 14-d stay in a residential feeding behaviour suite where eating behaviour was continuously monitored. In Study Two, 182 individuals (BMI = 25·7 (sd 3·9) kg/m2, age = 42·4 (sd 12·2) years, females = 96) completed two consecutive days in a residential feeding suite and five consecutive days at home. Misreporting was directly quantified by comparing covertly measured laboratory weighed intakes (LWI) with self-reported EI (weighed dietary record (WDR), 24-h recall, 7-d diet history, FFQ). Personal (age, sex and %body fat) and psychological traits (personality, social desirability, body image, intelligence quotient and eating behaviour) were used as predictors of misreporting. In Study One, those with lower psychoticism (P = 0·009), openness to experience (P = 0·006) and higher agreeableness (P = 0·038) reduced EI on days participants knew EI was being measured to a greater extent than on covert days. Isolated associations existed between personality traits (psychoticism and openness to experience), eating behaviour (emotional eating) and differences between the LWI and self-reported EI, but these were inconsistent between dietary assessment techniques and typically became non-significant after accounting for multiplicity of comparisons. In Study Two, sex was associated with differences between LWI and the WDR (P = 0·009), 24-h recall (P = 0·002) and diet history (P = 0·050) in the laboratory, but not home environment. Personal and psychological correlates of misreporting identified displayed no clear pattern across studies or dietary assessment techniques and had little utility in predicting misreporting.

scholarly journals German lexical personality factors: relations with the HEXACO model

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ashton ◽  
Kibeom Lee ◽  
Bernd Marcus ◽  
Reinout E. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
German Language ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Hexaco Model ◽  
Lexical Factors

We correlated the scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO‐PI) with adjective scale markers of factors previously obtained in indigenous lexical studies of personality structure in the German language. Self‐ratings obtained from a sample of 323 German participants showed a pattern of strong convergent and weak discriminant correlations, supporting the content‐based interpretation of the German lexical factors in terms of the HEXACO dimensions. Notably, convergent correlations were strong for both the broader and the narrower variants of the Honesty‐Humility factor as observed in German lexical studies. Also, convergent correlations for HEXACO Openness to Experience were, as expected, stronger for German adjectives describing a creative and intellectual orientation than for German adjectives describing intellectual ability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Personality and Prejudice: Extension to the HEXACO Personality Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris G. Sibley ◽  
Jessica F. Harding ◽  
Ryan Perry ◽  
Frank Asbrock ◽  
John Duckitt
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Opposing Effects

We modelled the associations between the HEXACO dimensions of personality, Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right–Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and prejudice towards dangerous, derogated and dissident groups ( N = 454 undergraduates). Consistent with a Big–Five model, low Openness to Experience predicted RWA and therefore dangerous and dissident group prejudice. As predicted, low Emotionality (and Openness) rather than Agreeableness predicted SDO and therefore derogated and dissident group prejudice. Comparison with meta–analytic averages of Big–Five data supported expected similarities and differences in the association of Big–Five and HEXACO models of personality with ideology. Finally, Honesty–Humility simultaneously predicted increases in RWA but decreases in SDO, and thus opposing effects on prejudice. These opposing effects have gone unidentified in research employing Big–Five models of personality structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Who should own the definition of personality?

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem K. B. Hofstee
Keyword(s):  
Target Person ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Point Of Reference

The averaged judgment of knowledgeable others provides the best available point of reference both for the definition of personality structure in general and for assessing someone's personality in particular. Self‐judgments, as in personality questionnaires, are intrinsically deficient because judgment errors cannot be averaged out. The recommended procedure for assessing someone's personality is to give a personality questionnaire, phrased in the third person singular, to those who know the target best. This set may or may not include the target person as a judge.

scholarly journals Five-factor personality profiles among Norwegian musicians compared to the general workforce

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Vaag ◽  
Erik R. Sund ◽  
Ottar Bjerkeset
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Freelance Work

The aim of the study was to investigate differences in personality traits between professional musicians and the general workforce, as well as differences in personality traits across subgroups of musicians according to types of employment and instrument group. In 2013, 1,600 members of the Norwegian Musicians’ Union answered a questionnaire regarding type of employment, instrument group and a shortened version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-20). The musicians were compared to a sample of the general Norwegian workforce ( n = 6,372) that answered the same personality questionnaire in the Norwegian Generation and Gender Survey of 2007. Multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, gender, marital status and education, showed that musicians displayed higher degrees of neuroticism and openness to experience, as well as lower degrees of conscientiousness, than the general workforce. A higher degree of openness to experience was especially evident among freelance musicians and those who combined freelance work with employment. Findings also differed according to musicians’ instrument groups, with vocalists scoring higher on openness to experience and bowed string players scoring higher on neuroticism and introversion. In sum, musicians displayed somewhat different patterns of personality traits compared to the general workforce, but our results did not support some of the previously held notions of a specific distinguishable personality structure of musicians. Somewhat unsurprisingly, the major distinguishable trait of musicians was a heightened degree of openness to experience.

Openness versus intellect: A lexical left turn

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Trapnell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Much Ado About Nothing ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lexical Data

In a recent article, Saucier (1992) disputed McCrae's (1990) view that lexically defined Intellect differs in fundamental ways from questionnaire‐defined Openness to Experience, and that these differences are due to lexical underrepresentation of some openness facets. A re‐analysis of Saucier's (1992) lexical data and questionnaire ‘Factor V’ from three samples are presented, which calls into question Saucier's conclusion that the Openness‐against‐Intellect debate may be ‘much ado about nothing’. Two facets of incommensurability are identified between Intellect and Openness variants of Factor V: competency and liberalism.

Routine Factor V Leiden Testing Discouraged

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
JANE SALODOF MACNEIL
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V

Thrombophilia and risk of VTE recurrence according to the age at the time of first VTE manifestation

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Weingarz ◽  
Marc Schindewolf ◽  
Jan Schwonberg ◽  
Carola Hecking ◽  
Zsuzsanna Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Leiden Mutation ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
G20210a Mutation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Whether screening for thrombophilia is useful for patients after a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a controversial issue. However, the impact of thrombophilia on the risk of recurrence may vary depending on the patient’s age at the time of the first VTE. Patients and methods: Of 1221 VTE patients (42 % males) registered in the MAISTHRO (MAin-ISar-THROmbosis) registry, 261 experienced VTE recurrence during a 5-year follow-up after the discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. Results: Thrombophilia was more common among patients with VTE recurrence than those without (58.6 % vs. 50.3 %; p = 0.017). Stratifying patients by the age at the time of their initial VTE, Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for age, sex and the presence or absence of established risk factors revealed a heterozygous prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutation (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65; 95 %-confidence interval (CI) 1.71 - 4.12; p < 0.001), homozygosity/double heterozygosity for the factor V Leiden and/or PT mutation (HR 2.35; 95 %-CI 1.09 - 5.07, p = 0.030), and an antithrombin deficiency (HR 2.12; 95 %-CI 1.12 - 4.10; p = 0.021) to predict recurrent VTE in patients aged 40 years or older, whereas lupus anticoagulants (HR 3.05; 95%-CI 1.40 - 6.66; p = 0.005) increased the risk of recurrence in younger patients. Subgroup analyses revealed an increased risk of recurrence for a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation only in young females without hormonal treatment whereas the predictive value of a heterozygous PT mutation was restricted to males over the age of 40 years. Conclusions: Our data do not support a preference of younger patients for thrombophilia testing after a first venous thromboembolic event.

Is the Personal Always Political?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Yannick Dufresne ◽  
Gregory Eady ◽  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment ◽  
Cliff van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Knowledge Based

Abstract. Research demonstrates that the negative relationship between Openness to Experience and conservatism is heightened among the informed. We extend this literature using national survey data (Study 1; N = 13,203) and data from students (Study 2; N = 311). As predicted, education – a correlate of political sophistication – strengthened the negative relationship between Openness and conservatism (Study 1). Study 2 employed a knowledge-based measure of political sophistication to show that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction was restricted to the Openness aspect of Openness. These studies demonstrate that knowledge helps people align their ideology with their personality, but that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction is specific to one aspect of Openness – nuances that are overlooked in the literature.

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