scholarly journals Climatic warmth and national wealth: some culture‐level determinants of national character stereotypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae ◽  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
National Character ◽  
South Italy ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
National Values ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
National Stereotypes ◽  
North And South

National character stereotypes are widely shared, but do not reflect assessed levels of personality traits. In this article we present data illustrating the divergence of stereotypes and assessed personality traits in North and South Italy, test hypotheses about the associations of temperature and national wealth with national character stereotypes in 49 cultures, and explore possible links to national values and beliefs. Results suggest that warmth and wealth are common determinants of national stereotypes, but that there are also idiosyncratic influences on the perceptions of individual nations. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals North American channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: a neglected but potentially invasive freshwater fish species?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1563-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Gordon H. Copp ◽  
Iva Johović ◽  
Paride Balzani ◽  
Alberto F. Inghilesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
North American ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North And South

AbstractThe North American channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been introduced to several locations in Europe but has received little or no scientific study despite its invasive attributes, including prolific reproduction, tolerance to a wide range of conditions, opportunistic feeding, at least partial ‘predator release’, and some evidence of environmental impacts (e.g. disease transmission). To assess the species’ potential invasiveness and the likely risks to native species and ecosystems in Europe, available literature from both North America and Europe was reviewed and used to carry out risk screenings of the species for the risk assessment areas, North and South Italy, using the Aquatic Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), which was followed by a more detailed evaluation (for both North America and Europe) of the species’ potential impacts using the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) assessment protocol. The AS-ISK score indicated that channel catfish is likely to pose a high risk of being invasive in both North and South Italy, with EICAT scores indicating “Major” impacts for both North America and Europe, at high and medium confidence levels, respectively. The present results emphasise the urgent need to carry out in-depth studies on introduced populations of this species to understand better its invasive potential so as to inform management decisions on the appropriate control or eradication measures for invaded water bodies.

scholarly journals Priority values of the French axiological paradigm on the material of the most used French idioms

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
L. V. Shapovalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Character ◽  
French Language ◽  
A Value ◽  
National Values ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Value Hierarchy ◽  
Broad Understanding

The article examines and analyzes 10 of the 1,500 most commonly used French idioms from the site "Les expressions françaises décortiquées". Phraseological picture of the world plays an important role in cognition of the world around us, because it not only captures its phenomena in the language, but also adds to them connotations, which are manifested in the choice of words of a particular language register. The study of hierarchies of values, recorded in idioms, and ways of their representation allow us to build a value hierarchy in the French mentality and understand the main features of the French national character. We have a broad understanding of phraseology and consider idioms not only idioms, but also phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, winged expressions, speech stamps, because they all name a concept, are reproduced unchanged, and are stable phrases. The phraseological units, taken into the analysis, are allocated on frequency of addresses that allows to define a hierarchy of values in the French phraseological picture of the world. Each of the permanent statements, taken into the analysis, nominates one concept, and the frequency of appeals to them allows not only to understand their priority in the French mentality, but also to outline the features of the French national character. French national values are fixed in the selected phraseological units, and the relation to them is distinguished on the basis of connotations, the register of speech, the present euphemism, and metaphorization. It is interesting to trace the history of the considered phraseological units and lexical units in their structure, ways of entering the French language, numerous hypotheses that explain their meaning. These areas of research and identification of social strata, in which the idioms arose, show where the phenomena denominated by them were the most common, and the hierarchy of values recorded in them, in the French mentality.

Continuity And Change: Building A Quality Culture In The Romanian Educational System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Ramona Bund? ◽  
Livia Loredana Baciu
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Quality Culture ◽  
National Values ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Institutional Impact ◽  
Core Idea

Educational objectives, like educational quality, are contextual and evolving—they may exhibit both continuity and change. This paper capitalizes on the role of neo-institutionalism and on the contribution of Douglass North (one major representative of the neo-institutionalism trend) in identifying the institutional impact upon cognitive development, national consciousness and economic performance. Out of this large theoretical corpus, we have focused on the theories of learning. The core idea which we have drawn on refers to the fact that educational improvements are dependent on the characteristics of social institutions and institutions, in their turn, are variables dependent on the level of education. Is this a vicious or virtuous circle? If political factors considered both formal and informal aspects in the implementation of educational reforms in Romania, this would increase the chances for progress. Any strong educational “edifice” needs to start from national values and beliefs. The impending changes should be gradual rather than radical. The importing of patterns from developed countries should take place cautiously. Quality assurance is one of the most important parts in restructuring the national educational system that not have a Romanian label. Yet, the interest related to the theory and practice of quality management in education has echoed in Romania as well. A recommended goal is to identify that organization chart and synchronization of efforts so as to determine people to respond to their tasks enthusiastically and constantly improve their problem solving strategies. A “quality culture” will entirely depend on this mechanism, on the framework of constraints and incentives under which individuals interact. Consequently, our approach stresses the idea that a “quality culture” needs to derive from the Romanian context and this could be possible only by many successive, long-term institutional changes. Once such conditions are met, the passage from quality to sustainability becomes shorter and obstacle free, as a quality culture is likely to develop responsible attitudes to community and the environment.

Is the Study of Attitudes Sufficient for the Study of National Character? Putting the Work of Alex Inkeles in Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-772
Author(s):  
Jerome Braun
Keyword(s):  
Political Psychology ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
National Character ◽  
Political Anthropology ◽  
Psychological Anthropology ◽  
High Point ◽  
Political Boundaries

The work of Alex Inkeles is emphasized as a high point in the study of national character. The value of the anthropological field once known as culture and personality, now called psychological anthropology, for the study of political psychology is also highlighted. In some ways his work has not been surpassed because the issues he dealt with to a large extent have been ignored since his time. The ultimate usefulness of his approach is for understanding the variability of personality traits in a population area, particularly one that falls within particular political boundaries, and how individual personalities can conform to or resist the pressures, particularly political pressures, that result. The relevance of this kind of analysis is for the understanding of “modal personality” as it exists within political boundaries, thus having relevance for political anthropology and political sociology, and how these cultural and political boundaries relate to each other.

scholarly journals National Character in the Context of Modern Societies

Monitor ISH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Ines Markovčič
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
National Character ◽  
Political Factor ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
National Values ◽  
Political Interests

Discussions of the realisation and transformation of national characteristics and the emergence of new national identities in contemporary modern societies are not to be reduced solely to the effects of globalisation, contemporary capitalism and market economy. What needs to be foregrounded and confronted is the ideological and political factor. Scientific studies primarily examine the national character in the context of culture and personality, focusing on the isomorphism of personality traits and cultural patterns, which are often assessed according to political interests and national values. As such, they help to shape the collective movement of each nation, displaying the interdependence between the nation and its national sentiments. What is essential to contemporary modern societies is the national state in a political sense. As a result, the national character is now more than ever assessed on purely pragmatic foundations, such as the role of politics, national values, and forms of nationalism. These forms dictate the national symbols, myths, and national sentiments about a common origin, which are fundamental to the existence and revitalisation of people within a particular nation, a nation with a common national identity. What is crucial, the national rituals and sentiments are supposed to create a feeling of unity. The awareness of the unity and the sense of the shared mission of a particular nation, especially in terms of its cultural and political homogeneity and its common past, form the basis of a political perspective in examining its national character. The role and study of the national character were intensified in the wake of national revolutions, world wars, and similar crises, especially in the context of promoting forms of nationalism: the uncertain circumstances led to new explanations of the nation’s realities on the basis of common-sense conceptions, which generated distinct ideological polarisations between ‘us’ and ‘them’.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC MEANS OF IRONY REALIZATION IN ETHNIC STEREOTYPES ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION (A CASE STUDY OF „LES CARNETS DU MAJOR THOMPSON“ BY PIERRE DANINOS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Malvina MARINASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
The One ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
National Stereotypes ◽  
Linguistic Means

The study of ethnic stereotypes from the linguistic standpoint involves their investigation on the basis of language material including their depiction in fictional texts. Of special interest is comic, in particular, ironic representation of national typical character features, one of the most striking examples in French literature is the novel „Les carnets du major Thompson“ („The Notebooks of Major Thompson“) by Pierre Daninos. The dominant comic means of the novel is humorous irony. This paper focuses on an analysis of linguistic peculiarities used by P. Daninos to create the effect of irony when describing the French and British stereotypes. Depicting national character peculiarities, the way of life, behaviour, habits and customs of the French in comparison with the British, Pierre Daninos uses a variety of lexico-semantic means (antonyms, evaluative adjectives, anglicisms), lexical and syntactic stylistic devices (metaphor, comparison, antiphrasis, hyperbole, oxymoron, chiasm, rhetorical questions, parenthetical constructions). Along with the special structure of narrative instances, integration of „character’s irony” and „author’s irony“, these linguistic means create an effect of irony in separate fragments and ironic tonality of the whole text. On the one hand, significant differences between the stereotypical features of two ethnoses are the source of irony of the novel, and on the other hand, it is the contradiction of the French national character himself. Irony is based mainly on exaggeration and opposition. The general comic tonality of the novel forms the effect of targeting irony not only on stereotypical images of French and British peoples, but also national stereotypes as such.

scholarly journals PROVERBS AS A MEANS OF DEPICTING UNIVERSAL VALUES

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
National Character ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
National Values ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Global Language

In learning any foreign language it is important to master the language phenomena with the basics of cultural knowledge of the country concerning the target language. In order to train Spanish specialists, students should be introduced to Spanish cultural traditions which are different from Uzbek customs. In teaching Spanish high professionalism in intercultural communication is possible only if you know the roots of Spanish cultural traditions, the Spanish national character and mentality. The peculiarities of the Spanish language are those that it cannot be learned without the sociocultural and intercultural components. Students should be prepared to embrace a foreign culture, be able to properly understand it when faced with unfamiliar experiences, and be ready to overcome communicative barriers. This research focuses on the issues concerning the reflection of the national values of Uzbek and Spanish people in the global language picture.

scholarly journals ORGANISATION CULTURE OF SAKA BAHARI SCOUT MOVEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Syahbudi Syahbudi ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah ◽  
Yetti Supriyati
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
National Character ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Organisation Culture

This research aims to acknowledge and describe the research in order to obtain a depth understanding on the focus of research namely Organisation Culture of Saka Bahari Scout Movement and sub-focus of the research, namely: 1. norms, values, and beliefs of Saka Bahari Scout Movement; 2. application of  norms, values, and beliefs of Saka Bahari Scout Movement; 3. traditions to be the main characteristic of Saka Bahari Scout Movement; 4. symbol of Saka Bahari Scout Movement; 5. implication of application of Organisation Culture of Saka Bahari Scout Movement. This research used qualitative approach, with phenomenology methodology research as the basis to describe the research result conducted by observation, interview, and documentation, to subsequently carry out triangulation test. The result of research was made a discussing theme from each subfocus namely: 1. Saka Bahari Scout Movement as a Forming Forum of Maritime Character Nation; 2. The method of Nation Character Forming of Saka Bahari Scout Movement; 3. Tradition of Saka Bahari Scout Movement in Forming Maritime National Character; 4. Symbol of Scout Movement and Saka Bahari as the forum to build the Identity of Maritime Nation Character; 5. Application on the Implication of Organisation Culture of Saka Bahari Scout Movement.   Keywords: Organisation Culture, Nation Character Building and Human Resource Development.  

National Character and National Stereotypes

1963 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Donald V. McGranahan ◽  
H. C. J. Duijker ◽  
N. H. Frijda
Keyword(s):  
National Character ◽  
National Stereotypes
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