Integration of soil application and seed treatment formulations of Trichoderma
 species for management of wet root rot of mungbean caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important disease of mothbean, under severe infestation it causes 58-68 % losses in grain yield. Three-year field experiments were conducted in hot arid conditions at Bikaner, Rajasthan during kharif seasons with the objective to find out suitable eco-friendly management strategies for root rot. The experiment was conducted on cv. RMO-225 with six different combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens bio- agents viz, seed treatment, soil treatment and their combinations against the root rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Results of experiment showed that all the treatments brought significant decline in disease incidence and consequently enhancement of grain yield compared to control. The treatment having combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatment (4+4 g/kg seed) + soil application of T. harzianum + P. fluorescens (1.25 +1.25 kg in 50 kg FYM for each/ha) had minimum (21.78 %) root rot incidence, highest grain yield (10.56 q /ha) and net return (Rs. 14,338/ha). The T. harzianum seed treatment 8 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum 2.5kg in 100 kg FYM/ha was the next best treatment with 25.56 per cent disease incidence and 9.42 q/ha of grain yield. These treatments can provide an effective, economical and eco- friendly management of root rot of mothbean for cultivators.

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Temperature, Moisture, and Seed Treatment Effects on Rhizoctonia solani Root Rot of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.533 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 533-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

A. E. Dorrance ◽

M. D. Kleinhenz ◽

S. A. McClure ◽

N. T. Tuttle

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Anastomosis Group ◽

Control Measures ◽

Root Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Growth Chamber Studies

The effects of temperature and soil moisture on infection and disease development by Rhizoctonia solani on soybean were studied individually. In addition, the anastomosis group of R. solani isolates recovered from soybean from 35 fields in 15 counties was determined. All of the 44 isolates recovered in this study were AG-2-2 IIIB. Five isolates of R. solani were able to infect and colonize soybean roots and hypocotyls at 20, 24, 28, and 32°C in growth chamber studies. The temperatures evaluated in this study were not limiting to the isolates tested. In greenhouse studies, nine R. solani isolates and a noninoculated control were evaluated at 25, 50, 75, and 100% soil moisture holding capacity (MHC). Root weights were greater and percent stand averages higher at 50 and 75% than at 25 or 100% MHC; however, as percentage of control, the main effect on percent moisture for percent stand, plant height, or root weight was not significant. There were significant differences among the isolates for the percent stand, root rot rating, and root fresh weight of soybean in each study. In both temperature and moisture studies, the R. solani isolates could be separated as predominantly causing (i) seed rot, as detected by greatly reduced plant stand; (ii) root rot generally having no effect on plant stand but a high root rot rating and low root weight; or (iii) hypocotyl lesions, having no effect on plant stand, a low root rot score, and a high number of red lesions on the hypocotyl. In the greenhouse seed treatment evaluations of five fungicides, there was no fungicide by isolate interaction using these pathogenic types of R. solani. None of the seed treatments evaluated in this study provided 100% control of the four isolates tested. Due to the wide range of environmental factors that permit R. solani infection and disease on soybeans, other control measures that last all season, such as host resistance, should be emphasized.

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Department of Plant Pathology, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334 001, Rajasthan, India.

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4154 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohit . Kumar ◽

Data Ram Kumhar ◽

Ashok Kumar Meena ◽

Kiran . Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathology ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Soil Application ◽

Percent Inhibition

Bio-control agents and bio-fertilizer minimized the root rot incidence, increased percent inhibition, increased grain yield and nodulation in mungbean significantly as compared to control. The minimum 13.50% disease incidence, maximum 79.23% inhibition of dry root rot, maximum grain yield of 14.8q/ha and maximum 24 nodules/plant were observed in the treatment T13. Where T. harzianum in combination with Rhizobium was used as seed treatment and soil application followed by the treatment(T14) where P. fluorescens was used in combination with Rhizobium (18.50% disease incidence, 71.54% disease inhibition,13.4q/ha grain yield and 21 nodules/plant. used as seed treatment and soil application.

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Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma spp. in the control of root rot disease of soybean

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1995.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Ehteshamul-Haque ◽

Abdul Ghaffar

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Root Rot ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

Seed treatment of soybean with Bndyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii significantly controlled the infection of 30-day-old seedlingsby Maerophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp. In 60-day-old plants Trichoderma spp.. and B. japonicum inhibited the grouth of R. solani and Fusarium spp., whereas the use of B. japonicum (TAL-102) with T. harzianum. T. viride, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii controlled the infection by M. phaseolina. Greater grain yield was recorded when B. japonium (TAI-102) was used with T. hamatum.

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Effect of seed treatments on emergence, yield, and root rot severity of soybean under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated field conditions in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-192 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. G. Xue ◽

E. Cober ◽

M. J. Morrison ◽

H. D. Voldeng ◽

B. L. Ma

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Bacillus Pumilus ◽

Field Trials ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Untreated Seed ◽

Plant Emergence ◽

Better Than

Field trials were conducted with soybean at two sites each year from 2001 to 2003 in Ottawa, ON, to determine the effect of seed treatments with various combinations of seven formulated fungicides and the bioagent Yield Shield (Bacillus pumilus GB34) under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated conditions. Controls were untreated seed planted into both non-inoculated (natural) soil and soil inoculated with R. solani. Compared with the non-inoculated control, inoculation significantly increased root rot severity and reduced emergence by 27%, and yield by 31%. Under the inoculated conditions, none of the seed treatments significantly increased emergence or yield in all of the six trials when compared with the control. Allegiance (metalaxyl) plus Vitaflo-280 (carbathiin plus thiram) and Vitaflo-280 alone were the most effective seed treatments, increasing emergence in by 20 and 19% and yield by 21 and 26%, which were significantly better than the control in four and five trials for emergence and three and four trials for yield, respectively. Allegiance plus HEC5725 (HEC5725), Apron Maxx RTA (fludioxonil plus metalaxyl), and Maxim 480FS (fludioxonil) increased both emergence and yield in two trials and TFL RTU (metalaxyl plus triflox ystrobin) plus Yield Shield in one trial. There was no difference between seed treatment with Allegiance and the untreated control for all parameters, confirming that metalaxyl is ineffective to R. solani. It is concluded that carbathiin, thiram, HEC5725, fludioxonil an trifloxystrobin are effective active ingredients protecting soybean from soil-borne R. solani and increasing plant emergence and yield. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, seed treatment, soybean, Glycine max, fungicide, bioagent

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Burkholderia SP. Strain TNAU-1 for Biological Control of Root Rot in Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.) Caused by Macrophomina Phaseolina

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-011-0045-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vijayalakshmi Satya ◽

Ayyathurai Vijayasamundeeswari ◽

Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan ◽

Rethinasamy Velazhahan

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Root Rot ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Soil Application ◽

Powder Formulation

BurkholderiaSP. Strain TNAU-1 for Biological Control of Root Rot in Mung Bean (Vigna RadiataL.) Caused byMacrophomina PhaseolinaThe potential ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 for the management of mung bean (Vigna radiataL.) root rot caused byMacrophomina phaseolinawas evaluated under greenhouse conditions.Burkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 inhibited the mycelial growth ofM. phaseolina in vitroand produced an inhibition zone of 18.8 mm. Mung bean seeds when treated with the bacterial suspension, showed significant increase in root length, shoot length and seedling vigour. A talc-based powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 was developed and evaluated for its efficacy in the management of mung bean root rot under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatment or soil application of the powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 significantly reduced the incidence of root rot and increased the germination percentage and plant height. Seed treatment with the powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 alone was effective in controlling root rot disease; but the combined seed treatment and soil application ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1, increased the efficacy. Seed treatment and soil application withBurkholderiasp. reduced the root rot incidence from 52.6 per cent (with non-bacterized seeds) to 16.7 per cent. Control of root rot with the application ofBurkholderiasp. by seed treatment and soil application was not statistically different from that obtained with seed treatment with carbendazim. The endophytic movement ofBurkholderiasp. in the stem, roots and leaves of mung bean was confirmed through PCR usingBurkholderiasp. specific primers which resulted in the amplification of a 417 bp product.

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Effects of inoculum density, temperature, seeding depth, seeding date and fungicidal seed treatment on the impact of Rhizoctonia solani on lentil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p06-020 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 799-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. F. Chang ◽

S. F. Hwang ◽

B. D. Gossen ◽

G. D. Turnbull ◽

H. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Inoculum Density ◽

Seeding Date ◽

The Impact

Rhizoctonia solani causes seedling blight and root rot in lentil, which reduces plant populations and the vigour and yield of surviving plants. Factors in the seedling environment, such as inoculum density, temperature, seeding depth, seeding date, and fungicidal seed treatment were studied to determine the degree to which they affect the impact of R. solani on lentil seedlings. Survival of lentil plants was evaluated after planting into soil artificially inoculated with various concentrations of a highly aggressive isolate of R. solani (AG-4). Emergence, seedling survival and shoot dry matter production decreased with increasing inoculum density, but these declines varied with temperature. Low soil temperatures delayed the emergence of lentil seedlings in non-inoculated soil, but in inoculated soils, emergence was inhibited with increasing temperatures. Depth of seeding did not affect seedling establishment, but root rot severity increased with depth of seeding in a growth cabinet trial. Root nodulation was reduced as root rot severity increased. In field experiments carried out over 3 station years, seeding date had a substantial effect on seedling emergence and yield of inoculated treatments, but the trends were not consistent between sites. In field assessments of fungicide efficacy, treatment of seed with thiabendazole plus carbathiin (Crown) and carbathiin plus thiram (Vitaflo 280) improved seedling establishment relative to the inoculated control. Key words: Lens culinaris, damping-off, root rot, seeding date, fungicide seed treatment depth of seeding, thiabendazole, carbathiin, thiram

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Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani Root Rot of Chilli by Bacillus subtilis formulations under Pot Conditions

Journal of Biological Control ◽

10.18311/jbc/30/2/14924 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashwini Narasimhan ◽

Srividya Shivakumar

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Colonisation ◽

Soil Application ◽

Seed Application

The chilli crop suffers massive yield loss due to root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. An increase of 10 × 105 root colonizing units/cm was obtained as a result of Bacillus subtilis in vitro root colonisation assay post germination. Shelf life studies of the formulations revealed stable population level of the biocontrol agent upto 180th day (30°C - 1.6 × 108; 4°C - 1.9 × 108) in talc and upto 150th day in lignite (30°C - 1.5 × 108; 4°C - 1.3 × 108). Soil, seed, foliar spray and dip treatment methods of B. subtilis and chlorothalonil brought about a considerable enhancement of all biometric parameters and reduced disease incidence compared to the untreated control. In comparison to the untreated control (50 g and 21 g fresh and dry weight, respectively), highest plant fresh weight (76.84 g) and dry weight (34.17 g) was achieved by the Seed application method. Comparison of plant height revealed maximum values 70 cm (soil application) and 77 cm (dip treatment) with B. subtilis application which was analogous to chlorothalonil treatment (56.5 cm with soil application and 70.33 cm with dip treatment) which was considerably superior to the untreated control (58.2 cm with dip treatment and 61 cm with soil application, respectively). Root dip treatment showed considerable increase in root length with B. subtilis (33 cm) and chlorothalonil (28.5 cm) when compared to untreated control (15 cm). Growth promotion was better with Root dip application while disease control was achieved better with seed application. A 66% and 84% reduction in incitation of disease was noticed with soil and seed application methods, respectively.

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Management of root-rot disease complex of mungbean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani through soil application of Trichoderma spp.

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mujeebur Rahman Khan ◽

Ziaul Haque ◽

Farahnaz Rasool ◽

Khalid Salati ◽

Uzma Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Soil Application ◽

Disease Complex ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

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Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Fenugreek through Newer Combined Formulations of Fungicides

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4377 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shankar Lal Yadav ◽

R. P. Ghasolia ◽

Jitendra Sharma

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

Background: Root rot disease of fenugreek caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a severe menace to the growers of Rajasthan as well as India. This pathogen survives in soil, causes damping off and root rot symptoms and responsible nearly for 50 per cent disease incidence and yield losses. Methods: During 2016-17 to 2017-18 cropping seasons, this study was carried out with the aim to manage the disease by means of using six fungicides including newer formulations (hexaconazole and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) under in vitro and field conditions. Result: The result of in vitro study with tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin was found to be most fungitoxic and inhibited mycelial growth cent per cent at 200 and 500 ppm concentrations. Seed treatment with tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin (@ 0.2%) was found highly effective in reducing disease incidence (83.12%) and in increasing seed yield (84.71%) under field conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of newer combined formulation as seed treatment before sowing provide us alternative source to manage root rot disease of fenugreek.

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