Effect of seed treatments on emergence, yield, and root rot severity of soybean under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated field conditions in Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue ◽  
E. Cober ◽  
M. J. Morrison ◽  
H. D. Voldeng ◽  
B. L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Better Than

Field trials were conducted with soybean at two sites each year from 2001 to 2003 in Ottawa, ON, to determine the effect of seed treatments with various combinations of seven formulated fungicides and the bioagent Yield Shield (Bacillus pumilus GB34) under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated conditions. Controls were untreated seed planted into both non-inoculated (natural) soil and soil inoculated with R. solani. Compared with the non-inoculated control, inoculation significantly increased root rot severity and reduced emergence by 27%, and yield by 31%. Under the inoculated conditions, none of the seed treatments significantly increased emergence or yield in all of the six trials when compared with the control. Allegiance (metalaxyl) plus Vitaflo-280 (carbathiin plus thiram) and Vitaflo-280 alone were the most effective seed treatments, increasing emergence in by 20 and 19% and yield by 21 and 26%, which were significantly better than the control in four and five trials for emergence and three and four trials for yield, respectively. Allegiance plus HEC5725 (HEC5725), Apron Maxx RTA (fludioxonil plus metalaxyl), and Maxim 480FS (fludioxonil) increased both emergence and yield in two trials and TFL RTU (metalaxyl plus triflox ystrobin) plus Yield Shield in one trial. There was no difference between seed treatment with Allegiance and the untreated control for all parameters, confirming that metalaxyl is ineffective to R. solani. It is concluded that carbathiin, thiram, HEC5725, fludioxonil an trifloxystrobin are effective active ingredients protecting soybean from soil-borne R. solani and increasing plant emergence and yield. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, seed treatment, soybean, Glycine max, fungicide, bioagent

Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root rot complex of field pea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Root Rot ◽  
Better Than

The efficacy of seed treatments with bioagent ACM941 (a strain of Clonostachys rosea), its formulated products GB116 and ACM941-Pro, and common fungicides for the control of pea root rot complex were examined in six field trials in western Canada from 1996 to 2000. The effects on seedling emergence, root rot severity, and yield varied among years. In trials 1 and 2 (1996–1997), none of the treatments significantly reduced root rot severity or increased yield. ACM941 + Thiram 75WP was the most effective treatment, increasing emergence by 17.4% and was significantly better than that of the untreated controls. In trials 3 and 4 (1997–1998), Apron FL alone and ACM941 + Apron FL were significantly better than the untreated control, increasing emergence by 6.2 and 7.7%, and yield by 10.8 and 11.5%, respectively. In trials 5 and 6 (1999–2000), AC M 941 and GB116 were equally the most effective treatments, increasing emergence by 11.5 and 12.2%, and yield by 8.2 and 6.3%, respectively. These effects were significantly greater than that of the untreated control, but not significantly different from those of Apron FL or Vitaflo-280. ACM941-Pro was developed and tested in 2000 only, and it increased emergence by 17.1% and reduced root rot severity by 29.6%. Key words: Bioagent, Clonostachys rosea, field pea, Pisum sativum, pea root rot complex (PRRC), seed treatment, fungicide

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial, Botanical, and Organic Treatments for Control of Peanut Seedling Diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Ruark ◽  
B. B. Shew
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Untreated Seed

Diseases affecting stand establishment are a major obstacle to organic production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Stand losses of 50% or more are possible with untreated seed. Biological, botanical, and organic seed treatments or soil amendments were tested for efficacy against pre- and postemergence damping-off of peanut in greenhouse, microplot, and field plot trials. Seed of the lines Perry, GP-NC 343, and Bailey (tested as N03081T) were used in all trials. Commercial formulations of Bacillus subtilis (Kodiak), B. pumilus (Yield Shield), Trichoderma harzianum (T-22 PB and Plantshield HC), Muscodor albus, and Coniothyrium minitans (Contans); activated charcoal; two separate soil amendments of dried herbage of Monarda didyma cultivars; a commercial fungicide control (Vitavax PC); and an untreated control were tested in natural soil in the greenhouse. Vitavax PC and Kodiak were the only treatments that resulted in higher percent emergence and survival than in untreated seed. A separate greenhouse experiment was conducted in natural soil or natural soil infested with field isolates of Aspergillus niger. Seed were treated with Kodiak, copper hydroxide (Champion), Plantshield HC, Kodiak + Plantshield HC, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), hot water, Vitavax PC, or were left untreated. Seedling emergence and survival was much lower in infested versus uninfested soil. Seed treatment with Kodiak increased percent emergence and survival compared to untreated seed, but was not as effective as Vitavax PC. Field microplot studies in 2007 and 2008 at Clayton, NC, evaluated four seed treatments on the peanut lines following small grain cover crops, soil amendment with M. albus, or no cover. Cover crops did not affect emergence or interact with seed treatments. In field studies in 2007 and 2008 at Lewiston, NC, the peanut lines were planted with M. albus infurrow, with Kodiak or T. harzianum seed treatments, or were untreated. In the 2007 trial, none of the treatments improved stands compared to the untreated check. In 2008, the highest stand counts were produced by seed treated with Kodiak. In both years, Bailey produced the greatest stand counts. A. niger was strongly associated with postemergence damping-off in the field. Regardless of peanut line, in many trials, Kodiak seed treatment increased emergence and survival over untreated seed.

Effects of seed treatments and inoculum density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on seedling blight and root rot of faba bean

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
D. L. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seed Treatments

Chang, K. F., Conner, R. L., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., McLaren, D. L., Gossen, B. D. and Turnbull, G. D. 2014. Effects of seed treatments and inoculum density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on seedling blight and root rot of faba bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 693–700. Production of faba bean cultivars with tannin-free seed on the Canadian prairies has potential for use in human food and as a feedstock for livestock and aquaculture. However, root rot is a major constraint to production. The effects of fungicide seed treatments on root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani, and the effect of inoculum density on seedling emergence, nodulation, root rot severity and yield of faba bean were examined across 12 station years from 2009 to 2011 at sites in Manitoba and Alberta. Fusarium avenaceum reduced seedling emergence more than R.solani, but both pathogens had a similar impact on seed yield. The effects of inoculum density and seed treatment were generally significant for seedling emergence, root rot severity and seed yield for both pathogens. The interaction effects of inoculum density×seed treatment for F.avenaceum and R.solani were only significant for seed yield and seedling emergence. Seedling emergence and seed yield declined with increasing inoculum level for both F. avenaceum and R.solani. Fungicidal seed treatments with Apron Maxx (fludioxonil+metalaxyl) and Vitaflo 280 (carbathiin+thiram) consistently improved emergence and seed yield in trials inoculated with F.avenaceum or R.solani. This study demonstrated that seed treatment to manage root rot of faba bean is warranted.

scholarly journals Temperature, Moisture, and Seed Treatment Effects on Rhizoctonia solani Root Rot of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Dorrance ◽  
M. D. Kleinhenz ◽  
S. A. McClure ◽  
N. T. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

The effects of temperature and soil moisture on infection and disease development by Rhizoctonia solani on soybean were studied individually. In addition, the anastomosis group of R. solani isolates recovered from soybean from 35 fields in 15 counties was determined. All of the 44 isolates recovered in this study were AG-2-2 IIIB. Five isolates of R. solani were able to infect and colonize soybean roots and hypocotyls at 20, 24, 28, and 32°C in growth chamber studies. The temperatures evaluated in this study were not limiting to the isolates tested. In greenhouse studies, nine R. solani isolates and a noninoculated control were evaluated at 25, 50, 75, and 100% soil moisture holding capacity (MHC). Root weights were greater and percent stand averages higher at 50 and 75% than at 25 or 100% MHC; however, as percentage of control, the main effect on percent moisture for percent stand, plant height, or root weight was not significant. There were significant differences among the isolates for the percent stand, root rot rating, and root fresh weight of soybean in each study. In both temperature and moisture studies, the R. solani isolates could be separated as predominantly causing (i) seed rot, as detected by greatly reduced plant stand; (ii) root rot generally having no effect on plant stand but a high root rot rating and low root weight; or (iii) hypocotyl lesions, having no effect on plant stand, a low root rot score, and a high number of red lesions on the hypocotyl. In the greenhouse seed treatment evaluations of five fungicides, there was no fungicide by isolate interaction using these pathogenic types of R. solani. None of the seed treatments evaluated in this study provided 100% control of the four isolates tested. Due to the wide range of environmental factors that permit R. solani infection and disease on soybeans, other control measures that last all season, such as host resistance, should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment and Fungicide Use on Peanut Seed in the Southwestern United States1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Smith ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Seed protectant fungicides are an important part of a total pest management program of peanut and may reduce the use of other pesticides later in the growing season. A survey of peanut shellers was conducted to determine the amount of fungicide use and the important factors used in selecting particular fungicides for treating seed in the Southwestern United States. All peanut seed planted in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico was treated with one or more fungicides and totaled 19,000 kg of five active ingredients applied on 12 million kg of seed. Captan was the leading active ingredient and made up 49% of all fungicide use. Shellers were the sole decision makers in selecting seed treatment fungicides and cited fungicide effectiveness and assurance of a good crop stand as the major factors in selecting a commercial product. Fungicide treatments made up 4% of the total cost of planting seed, for an average cost of $6.75/ha. A case study on the impact of seed treatments was conducted using 12 yr of field performance data in an economic assessment. Peanut yields were 36% higher when captan-treated compared with using untreated seed. In an economic assessment, net returns above variable costs were $331/ha higher when fungicide-treated seed was planted, compared to untreated seed. The case study showed that seed treatments provided positive economic returns in 10 out of the 12 yr and losses would result in 7 out of 12 yr if untreated seed were planted. Many of the present seed treatment fungicides will be reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and require re-registration under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.

Evaluation of seed, stem and soil applications of procymidone to control white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) of onions

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Porter ◽  
JP Maughan ◽  
GB Towers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Plant Emergence

The effects of different methods of applying procymidone, either alone or combined, were evaluated for control of white rot (caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) in onions at 2 sites in Victoria.Field trials at Colac showed that seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surface gave the most effective control of white rot, reducing disease from 78 to 16% and increasing yields from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha in brown onions. Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had no effect on emergence and reduced disease incidence from 65.3 to 21.7%. Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seed delayed the onset of disease by 80 days and reduced disease incidence by 30%. The same treatment also reduced plant emergence by more than 27% and, therefore, did not increase yields. Dispersible granules (5 or 10%; at 2.5 kg procymidone/ha) were as effective as the soil sprays at sowing. Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowing reduced disease incidence slightly but did not increase yields. Procymidone applied with bands of fertiliser 2 or 5 cm below the seed was not effective. Two formulations of procymidone, Sumisclex 500 (50% a.i.) and 275 Flocol (27.5% a.i.), were equally effective in controlling white rot. At Lang Lang, root-dips of 14-week-old seedlings in 5 g procymidone/L reduced white rot in transplanted white globe onions. Procymidone concentrations of 0.05-50 g a.i./L applied for periods ranging from 2 s to 30 min had no effect on plant establishment in a glasshouse.

scholarly journals Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma spp. in the control of root rot disease of soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ehteshamul-Haque ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Seed treatment of soybean with <i>Bndyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> significantly controlled the infection of 30-day-old seedlingsby <i>Maerophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. In 60-day-old plants <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.. and <i>B. japonicum</i> inhibited the grouth of <i>R. solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp., whereas the use of <i>B. japonicum</i> (TAL-102) with <i>T. harzianum. T. viride, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> controlled the infection by <i>M. phaseolina. Greater grain yield was recorded when B. <i>japonium</i> (TAI-102) was used with <i>T. hamatum</i>.

scholarly journals Field assessment of neonicotinoids against three aphid species and their natural enemies on wheat crop in Ismailia, egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag Mahmoud ◽  
Mohamed Osman ◽  
Kariman Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Aphids are the most important pests on wheat in Egypt and worldwide. Field trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid (Nufidor 60% FS; at the doses of 2.1, 1.05 and 0.525 g a.i./kg of seeds) and thiamethoxam (Cruiser 70% WS; at the rates of 14.4, 7.2 and 3.6 g a.i./kg of seeds) as seed treatments, and thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG; at the rates of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 g a.i./l) as foliar application, against three wheat aphids: bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). Their effects on the aphids? natural enemies: lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, ladybird beetles, Coccinella spp., and syrphid flies Syrphus spp. were assessed as well. The trials were conducted on the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia Governorate, during 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Our results showed significant differences between the tested insecticides at all concentrations and clearly indicated that the recommended doses of all insecticides were more efficient against aphids on wheat plants than half- and quarter-doses. Also, the data revealed significant differences between the two seed treatments at all doses before and after foliar application, as compared to the control at all time intervals of inspection regarding the mean number of aphids on wheat plants, from the 3rd until 13th week after sowing, except in the 8th week after seed treatment before foliar application. The results clearly indicated that the weekly reduction of infestation and the general efficacy was higher at the recommended doses of Nufidor, Cruiser and Actara than the half and quarter doses in both seasons. Also, reduction in infestation decreased over the following weeks until the 8th week, when Actara insecticide was sprayed. Data revealed that there were no significant differences between treatments and control in the mean number of Chrysoperla carnea and Syrphus spp., while a significant difference in the mean number of coccinellids was observed on wheat plants treated with imidacloprid seed treatment before foliar application 6 and 7 weeks after sowing, and also after foliar application with thiamethoxam 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 weeks after sowing. Regarding thiamethoxam seed treatment, significant differences were revealed in the ladybird population on wheat plants 3, 4, 7 and 8 weeks before foliar application, and only in the 10th week after spraying with thiamethoxam.

scholarly journals Seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines affected by seed treatment with pesticides

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Gordana Tamindzic ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
Jasna Savic ◽  
Dragana Milosevic ◽  
Gordana Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Seed treatment is a common way of fungicide and insecticide use nowadays, since this way of pesticide application can provide the best protection in the vicinity of the future plant. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of different seed treatments on germination and seedling growth in three maize inbred lines. The research included the seed treatment with several combinations of a fungicide Maxim XL 035-FS (a.i. metalaxil-M + fludioxonil) and neonicotinoid insecticides Gaucho 600-FS (a.i. imidacloprid) and Cruiser 350-FS (a.i. thiamethoxam), as well as untreated seed (control). The results indicated that inbred lines 21202 x 21101 NS and 317659 NS had a highly vigourous seed which was not affected by the seed treatments. The seed treatments with Maxim XL 035- FS+Gaucho 600-FS and Maxim XL 035-FS+Cruiser 350-FS led to a decrease in germination (90.25% and 89.50%, respectively) of maize inbred line 306081 NS as well as a decrease in root length (126.75 mm and 125.25 mm, respectively) and dry root weight (0.135 g and 0.1875 g, respectively) of maize inbred line 21202 x 21101 NS. All seed treatments had positive effects on root growth, as well as on fresh root weight of maize inbred lines 306081 NS and 317659 NS.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicide Seed Treatments in Controlling Blackleg of Canola

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Sudha GC Upadhaya ◽  
Venkataramana Chapara ◽  
Mukhlesur Rahman ◽  
Luis E. del Río Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Plant Stand

The efficacy of five fungicide seed treatments as a management tool against blackleg on spring canola was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions in North Dakota. Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, inflicts the greatest yield losses when infecting seedlings before they reach the six-leaf growth stage. In greenhouse studies, 10-day-old seedlings were inoculated with L. maculans spore suspensions and evaluated 12 days later and at maturity or inoculated 12, 20, or 28 days after planting and evaluated at maturity. In field trials conducted in 2017 and 2018, severity was assessed at maturity. In the greenhouse, all fungicide seed treatments reduced (P = 0.05) disease severity at the seedling stage, but only the protection provided by Obvius (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) and Helix Vibrance (mefenoxam + fludioxonil + sedaxane + difenoconazole + thiamethoxam) reduced (P < 0.05) severity at the adult stage; however, none of them provide effective protection when plants were inoculated 20 days after planting or later. In field trials, none of the treatments significantly (P > 0.05) improved plant stand and yield or reduced disease incidence and severity. Although fungicide seed treatment is a valuable tool, it should not be used as the only method to manage blackleg disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document