An ALA 122 THR substitution in the AHAS / ALS gene confers imazamox‐resistance in Aegilops cylindrica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Rodriguez ◽  
Amber Hauvermale ◽  
Arron Carter ◽  
Rachel Zuger ◽  
Ian C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Aegilops Cylindrica

scholarly journals Molecular diversity analysis in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two Aegilops species (Aegilops crassa and Aegilops cylindrica) using CBDP and SCoT markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal Ghobadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Ali Mehras Mehrabi ◽  
Lia Shooshtari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Aegilops Crassa

Abstract Background Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships among crop wild relatives is an important task in crop improvement. The main objective of the current study was to estimate molecular variability within the set of 91 samples from Triticum aestivum, Aegilops cylindrica, and Aegilops crassa species using 30 CAAT box–derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Results Fifteen SCoT and Fifteen CBDP primers produced 262 and 298 fragments which all of them were polymorphic, respectively. The number of polymorphic bands (NPB), polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp), and marker index (MI) for SCoT primers ranged from 14 to 23, 0.31 to 0.39, 2.55 to 7.49, and 7.56 to 14.46 with an average of 17.47, 0.34, 10.44, and 5.69, respectively, whereas these values for CBDP primers were 15 to 26, 0.28 to 0.36, 3.82 to 6.94, and 4.74 to 7.96 with a mean of 19.87, 0.31, 5.35, and 6.24, respectively. Based on both marker systems, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the portion of genetic diversity within species was more than among them. In both analyses, the highest values of the number of observed (Na) and effective alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (He), and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated for Ae. cylindrica species. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis and population structure showed that SCoT and CBDP markers grouped all samples based on their genomic constitutions. In conclusion, the used markers are very effective techniques for the evaluation of the genetic diversity in wild relatives of wheat.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Introgression Lines Induced by Gametocidal Genes and Wheat ph1b Mutant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Alejandro Copete-Parada ◽  
Carmen Palomino ◽  
Adoración Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
New Germplasm

The P genome of Agropyron cristatum Gaertn. contains many desirable genes that can be utilized as genetic resources to improve wheat. In this research, we used both the gametocidal chromosome 2Cc and the pairing homologous gene (Ph1b) mutant to induce structural aberrations and translocations between wheat and the 4P, 5P, and 6P genome chromosomes. By using the two approaches, a total of 19 wheat-A. cristatum translocations have been identified, in which 13 were induced by the Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) ph1b mutant (CS ph1b) and six were induced by gametocidal chromosome 2Cc from Aegilops cylindrica Host. The wheat-4P, -5P and -6P A. cristatum translocations were characterized by in situ hybridization and by a set of conserved orthologous set (COS) molecular markers. The aberrations included centromeric translocations, terminal translocations, dicentric translocations, and deletions. The average induction frequency of chromosome structural aberrations was 10.9% using gametocidal 2Cc chromosome and 8.8% using ph1b mutant. The highest frequency obtained was for chromosome 4P using both approaches. All the wheat-A. cristatum translocation lines obtained were valuable for identifying A. cristatum chromosome 4P, 5P, and 6P related genes. In addition, these lines provided genetic resources and new germplasm accessions for the genetic improvement of wheat.

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological and gene expression responses of wheat by Aegilops cylindrica amphidiploids to salt stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Kiani ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
S. A. M. Mirmohammady Meibody ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Khadijeh Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Vacuolar Sequestration

AbstractAegilops cylindrica Host is one of the most salt-tolerant species in the Triticeae tribe. Amphidiploid plants derived from hybridization of ‘Roshan’ × Aegilops cylindrica and ‘Chinese Spring’ × Ae. cylindrica genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance were assessed for their morpho-physiological responses and the expression patterns of two genes related to ion homeostasis under 250 mM NaCl. Results showed that salt stress caused significant declines in both their morphological and phenological traits. Moreover, salt stress reduced not only their chlorophyll content but also their root and shoot K contents and K/Na ratios, while it led to significant enhancements in the remaining traits. Similar to Ae. cylindrica, the amphidiploids subjected to salt stress exhibited significantly higher H2O2 levels, root and shoot K contents, and root and shoot K/Na ratios accompanied by lower root and shoot Na contents and MDA concentrations when compared with the same traits in the wheat parents. Quantitative Real-Time PCR showed significant differential expression patterns of the NHX1 and HKT1;5 genes between the amphidiploids and their parents. The transcript level of HKT1;5 was found to be higher in the roots than in the shoots of both the amphidiploids and Ae. cylindrica while NHX1 exhibited a higher expression in the shoot tissues. The consistency of these data provides compelling support for the hypothesis that active exclusion of Na from the roots and elevated vacuolar sequestration of Na in the leaves might explain the declining Na levels in the shoots and roots of both the amphidiploids and Ae. cylindrica relative to those measured in wheat parents. It is concluded that the hybridized amphiploids are potentially valuable resources for salt improvement in bread wheat through the backcrossing approach.

Effect of Herbicides on Germination and Growth of Four Grass Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Germination And Growth

In the greenhouse, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 0.6 kg ae/ha applied directly to seeds alone or seeds on the soil surface reduced germination and shoot dry weight of common rye (Secale cerealeL. ♯3SECCE). Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) applied similarly at 0.6 kg ai/ha reduced germination and shoot dry weight of downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. ♯ BROTE) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Daws' ♯ TRZAX). Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5 (4H)-one] at 0.6 kg ai/ha applied to seeds, soil, or seeds and soil had very little effect on germination, but significantly reduced shoot dry weight of common rye, downy brome, wheat, and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindricaHost. ♯ AEGCY). Pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] at 0.6 kg ai/ha, and propham (isopropyl carbanilate) at 3.4 kg ai/ha plus extender (p-chlorophenyl-N-methylcarbamate) at 0.4 kg ai/ha substantially reduced shoot height and dry weight of all species, regardless of application method, with pronamide completely inhibiting shoot elongation and dry-weight production in three of the four species.

Distribution and new variability of Aegilops cylindrica Host in Azerbaijan

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1307-1316
Author(s):  
Mahammad Eldarov ◽  
Naib Aminov ◽  
Michiel van Slageren
Keyword(s):  
Aegilops Cylindrica

Potential for gene transfer between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Zemetra ◽  
J. Hansen ◽  
C. A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Transfer Genes ◽  
Parent Female

Jointed goatgrass is a major weed in the wheat-producing areas of the western U.S. It shares the D genome with wheat, and interspecific hybrids between the two species occur in the field. The objective of this research was to determine if wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids could serve to transfer genes from wheat to jointed goatgrass. A backcrossing program was initiated in the greenhouse between wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids and either jointed goatgrass or wheat to determine the potential for seed set and the restoration of self-fertility. Seed was set by backcrossing with either species as the recurrent parent. Female fertility increased from 2% in the hybrid to 37% in the BC2 plants with jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. Partial self-fertility was restored in the second backcross (BC2) generation using jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. This indicates that genes could be transferred between wheat and jointed goatgrass after only two backcrosses. The number of bivalents observed in the plants during meiosis appeared to be key to increasing female fertility and self-fertility. Based on the results of this study, it is possible for genes to move from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Any release of a herbicide-resistant wheat should be accompanied by a management plan that would minimize the potential for gene movement between these species.

Visualization of A- and B-genome chromosomes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) backcross progenies

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.N. Wang ◽  
A. Hang ◽  
J. Hansen ◽  
C. Burton ◽  
C.A. Mallory-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass

Fertilizer Placement Affects Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) Competition In Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel O. Mesbah ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Placement Method ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Injection Methods

A 3-yr study was conducted in eastern Wyoming from 1995 to 1997 to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement on jointed goatgrass competitiveness with winter wheat. Fertilizer placement methods consisted of applying 45 kg/ha of nitrogen (50% as urea and 50% as ammonium nitrate) in a deep band 5 cm below and 2.5 cm to the side of the wheat row, broadcasting on the soil surface, or injecting fertilizer by spoke wheel 10 cm deep and 5 cm to the side of the wheat row. Neither fertilizer placement nor jointed goatgrass presence affected winter wheat stand. Wheat yield reductions from jointed goatgrass competition were 7 and 10% higher with the broadcast than deep-band or spoke-wheel injection methods, respectively. Wheat spikes/plant, seeds/spike, 200-seed weight, and plant height were not influenced by fertilizer placement; however, the presence of 35 jointed goatgrass plants/m2reduced spikes/plant 21%, seeds/spike 12%, and 200-seed weight 6%. Jointed goatgrass populations were not influenced by fertilizer placement method; however, the number of spikes/plant was reduced 8 and 10%, joints/spike 3%, and biomass 15 and 21% by deep band or spoke wheel fertilizer placement.

Response of Gas Exchange in Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) to Environmental Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gealy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass

Gas exchange of jointed goatgrass leaves was affected by temperature, irradiance level, and soil matric potential. Net photosynthesis of leaves under saturating irradiance (PPFD3= 1850 (μE·m–2·s−1) was optimum at about 20 C. At 25 C, net photosynthesis was nearly 90% of maximum at a PPFD of 800 μE·m–2·−1. Transpiration, and presumably water use, increased steadily with temperature from 10 to 40 C. Dark respiration rate and compensation points for light and for CO2increased exponentially, or nearly so, from 10 to 40 C. Soil moisture deficits of −130 kPa reduced net photosynthesis and transpiration by about 30 and 55%, respectively, compared to well-watered plants.

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