PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA SINGLE PARENT PEREMPUAN

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan 1) Pendidikan Anak dalam Keluarga Single Parent Perempuan, 2) Problem-problem yang dialami ibu single parent, 3) Solusi yang dilakukan oleh ibu single parent dalam mengatasi problem pendidikan anaknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Karangrejek Wonosari Gunungkidul. Subyek penelitian adalah perempuan yang telah bercerai atau ditinggal suami meninggal, perempuan bekerja mencari nafkah dan berstatus single parent, perempuan single parent yang masih menyekolahkan anaknya. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut:1) Pendidikan anak dalam keluarga single parent perempuan dalam mendidik anak di dalam keluarga memiliki beberapa cara yaitu memberikan nasihat, memberikan teladan, memberikan pengawasan, serta memberikan hukuman. 2) Problem yang dialami ibu single parent dalam pendidikan anaknya berasal dari diri anak sendiri misalnya malas belajar, anak suka membantah kalau dikasih tahu, kondisi ekonomi yang relatif lemah berdampak pada terbatasnya biaya pendidikan anak yang terkadang harus berhutang, dan kesulitan dalam kebutuhan sehari-hari. 3) Solusi yang dilakukan oleh ibu single paent dalam mengatasi problem pendidikan anaknya yaitu, memberikan nasihat, memberikan motivasi, mengontrol kegiatan anak, dan single parent banting tulang setiap hari untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, serta mencari bantuan dari pihak lain yaitu dari bapak dan bantuan dari saudaranya. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, single parent perempuan AbstractThis research aims to describe 1) Children's education in Single-Parent women's Families, 2) The problems of single-parent mothers, and 3) a single-parent solution that is done in resolving the child's educational problems. This study used a qualitative approach with this type of case study. The study was conducted in Karangrejek village in Gunungkidul. The subject of the study is a woman who has divorced or left her husband dead, women working to make a living and the status of single parent, female single parent who still subsisted her child. Data collection is implemented with in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Analyze data using interactive models. Test the legality of data using triangulation techniques and sources. The results showed as follows: 1) The education of children in single parent female families in educating children in the family has several ways, namely giving advice, setting an example, providing supervision, and providing punishment. 2) Problems experienced by single parent mothers in their children's education come from their own children, for example, lazy to learn, children like to argue if they are told, relatively weak economic conditions have an impact on the limited cost of children's education, which sometimes must be in debt, and difficulties in needs daily. 3) The solution carried out by single paent mothers in overcoming their children's education problems is, giving advice, providing motivation, controlling children's activities, and single parent slamming bones every day to meet their daily needs, as well as seeking help from other parties namely from the father and help from his brother. Keywords: education, single-parent women

Use of microsatellite markers to detect heterozygosity in an F2 generation of a black rice and white rice cross

The aim of this research was to know the heterozygosity of F2 generation from black rice and white rice crossing using microsatellite marker. The research material consisted of F2 Sx G plant population from black rice (S) and white rice Situbagendit (G) crosses, female parent of black rice (S), male parent of white rice (G), chemical and organic fertilizer, chemicals and tools for molecular activity and 3 microsatellite markers related to color properties (RM 220, RM 224 and RM 252). All of plant populations (generation F2, parent female, parent male) were planted in fields up to harvest. Young leaves (30 days after planting) all of plant populations were molecularly analyzed using 3 microsatellite markers (RM 220, RM 224 and RM 252). Stages of this activity include DNA isolation, PCR reaction, and visualization of PCR results using Metaphore Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. The results showed that the percentage of the number of individual plants showing heterozygous pattern in F2 S × G plant generation was 50% (RM 220); 40% (RM 224) and 60% (RM 252), so the RM 252 microsatellite marker was effectively used as a DNA-assisted selection tool on the crossbreed of black rice with white rice.

Pengaruh vitamin C terhadap perkembangan gonad, daya tetas telur dan sintasan larva ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C with different doses of the long time ripe gonads, egg hatchability and larval survival of catfish (Clarias sp). This research used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments each with three replications. The treatment in this study were different doses of vitamin C namely 0, 600, 1200 and 1800 mg / kg of feed. Data was analyzed usung analysis of variance and continued with the Smallest Real Difference test. Parent female catfish used was 1.5 years age with a weight of 800-900 g. Feed used was pellets supplemented with vitamin C. Fish was reared in four tanks measuring 2 x 1 x 1 m and fed every morning and evening ad libitum. The results of the study was the addition of vitamin C in the diet significantly influenced the speed of gonad maturation, egg hatchability and larval survival. Treatment with the addition of 1200 mg / kg of feed was the best treatment with gonadal maturation speed achieved on 39.33 days, the highest egg hatchability 83% and survival of larvae was 7.66 days. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Vitamin C, gonadal development, egg hatchability, larval survival.

Fecundity of the crustacean Mysidopsis californica (Mysida, Mysidae) under semi-controlled conditions

Mysid crustaceans are frequently used in the laboratory to feed cephalopods and fish, but not along the Pacific coast, where they are scarce. There is no commercial aquaculture of mysids in the Pacific Ocean. To change this situation, we calculate fecundity, survival, and sex ratio of Mysidopsis californica under semi-controlled conditions. Mysids were collected manually using a 500 µm-mesh net along the rocky coast of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. They were transferred to three 30 L seawater aquaria in the laboratory, and fed (ad libitum) Artemia nauplii and rotifers. Two generations were obtained. The relationship between the number of juveniles born and parent female lengths showed a rate of 1.56 juveniles released per each unit of increasing parent female length. An average parent female length of 6.92 mm (SD=0.82) gave 9.96 (SD=4.29) released juveniles. The frequency of female length showed a mean of 7.3 mm (SD=0.54), whereas that of juveniles showed a mean of 1.7 mm (SD=0.16). Survival and sex ratios (females-males) varied from 77.7 % to 88.6 % and 2.5:1 to 3.0:1, respectively.

Potential for gene transfer between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)

Jointed goatgrass is a major weed in the wheat-producing areas of the western U.S. It shares the D genome with wheat, and interspecific hybrids between the two species occur in the field. The objective of this research was to determine if wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids could serve to transfer genes from wheat to jointed goatgrass. A backcrossing program was initiated in the greenhouse between wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids and either jointed goatgrass or wheat to determine the potential for seed set and the restoration of self-fertility. Seed was set by backcrossing with either species as the recurrent parent. Female fertility increased from 2% in the hybrid to 37% in the BC2 plants with jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. Partial self-fertility was restored in the second backcross (BC2) generation using jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. This indicates that genes could be transferred between wheat and jointed goatgrass after only two backcrosses. The number of bivalents observed in the plants during meiosis appeared to be key to increasing female fertility and self-fertility. Based on the results of this study, it is possible for genes to move from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Any release of a herbicide-resistant wheat should be accompanied by a management plan that would minimize the potential for gene movement between these species.

Variation in Growth and Response to Ophiostoma ulmi among Advanced-Generation Progenies and Clones of Elms

Controlled pollinations between five disease-tolerant elm (Ulmus L.) clones (Number 970, ‘Urban’, and clones that were later named ‘Homestead’, ‘Pioneer’, and ‘Prospector’) yielded 686 seedlings. Various crosses produced from zero to over 90 seedlings. Only one of four female parents produced any viable selfed seedlings. At age four, all seedlings were inoculated with Ophiostoma ulmi, (Buism.) C. Nannf., the causal fungus for Dutch elm disease. A factorial analysis showed male parent, female parent, and male x female interaction influenced disease symptoms 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation. After a few years of further evaluation of the seedlings, 10 clones were selected for a combination of disease- and insect-tolerance and horticultural desirability. These clones were propagated and established along with four disease-tolerant cultivars and American elm seedlings in a replicated field plot. Three-year-old clonal plants inoculated with O. ulmi varied significantly in their disease symptoms 4 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years after inoculation. Even clones from the same full-sib family showed significant differences in disease tolerance. Results indicate that both specific and general combining ability are important in determining tolerance to Dutch elm disease.

CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN Brasska oleracea INDUCED BY B. napus CYTOPLASM — FEMALE FERTILITY AND RESTORATION OF MALE FERTILITY

The 37-chromosome F1 hybrids obtained from the cross between rutabaga (B. napus L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk) and cabbage (B. oleracea L. ssp. capitata L.) were backcrossed four times using 2x-cabbages as the male recurrent parent. Female fertility improved rapidly in BC2 progenies whereas male sterility persisted in the B. oleracea type backcross progenies carrying the cytoplasm of B. napus. Male fertility was restored fully when the c genome was reintroduced to the cytoplasm of B. oleracea.Key words: Brassica oleracea, Brassica napus, cabbage, cytoplasmic male sterility