Elucidating the resistance repertoire, biofilm production, and phylogenetic characteristics of MDR Escherichia coli isolated from community ponds‐ A study from West Bengal, India

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections requiring medical attention worldwide. The production of biofilms is an important step in UTIs, not only from a mechanistic point of view, but this may also confer additional resistance, distinct from other aspects of multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) Escherichia coli isolates, originating from clean-catch urine samples, were included in this study. The isolates were classified into five groups: wild-type, ciprofloxacin-resistant, fosfomycin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The bacterial specimens were cultured using eosine methylene blue agar and the colony morphology of isolates were recorded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was carried out with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. n = 76 isolates (30.4%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in n = 135 cases (54.0%), and n = 119 (47.6%) were positive for biofilm formation. The agreement (i.e., predictive value) of mucoid variant colonies in regard to biofilm production in the tube-adherence assay was 0.881 overall. Significant variation was seen in the case of the group of ESBL-producers in the ratio of biofilm-producing isolates. The relationship between biofilm-production and other resistance determinants has been extensively studied. However, no definite conclusion can be reached from the currently available data.

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In-Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/1474578 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sunayana Raya ◽

Ankit Belbase ◽

Laxmi Dhakal ◽

Krishna Govinda Prajapati ◽

Reena Baidya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Microtitre Plate ◽

Plate Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Biofilm Production

Background. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infection compared to nondiabetic patients, Escherichia coli being the most common uropathogen causing UTI. Unreasonable and incorrect antibiotic prescription for UTI in these patients may induce the development of antibiotic-resistant urinary pathogens resulting in delayed recovery and longer hospitalization. In addition to these, biofilm forming capacity of the pathogen may worsen the problem. The main aim of this cross-sectional study (conducted from March to September 2015) is to detect the biofilm forming capacity of UTI causing micro-organisms and compare the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, the most common cause of UTI, which will help the physician in choosing the best antibiotic. Method. Total of 1,099 clean-catch mid stream urine (CCMSU) was processed by standard microbiological technique; 182 were from the diabetic group and 917 nondiabetic. Following identification, all isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. In-vitro biofilm forming capacity of the isolates were detected by Microtitre plate method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software 16. Result. Urinary tract infection was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients (42.9%) compared to nondiabetic patients (17.4%) with Escherichia coli as the most common uropathogen in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Similarly, UTI was more common in elderly population (29.5%). Imipenem, nitrofurantoin and amikacin were found to be the most effective drug for uropathogenic E. coli in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, whereas amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole were least effective. Of the total bacterial isolates, 43.3% showed positive results for in-vitro biofilm production by the Microtitre plate method. A significantly higher resistance rate was observed among biofilm producing E. coli for quinolones, cotrimoxazole, and third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone. Most of the biofilm producers (79.5%) were found to be MDR (p-value 0.015). Conclusion. Elderly populations with diabetes are at a higher risk of UTI. Higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antimicrobial agents in this study render its inefficacy for empirical treatment and point out the importance of biofilm screening to ensure the effective management of infection.

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Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17031007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 1007

Author(s):

Taniya Bardhan ◽

Madhurima Chakraborty ◽

Bornali Bhattacharjee

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

West Bengal ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

P Value ◽

Hospital Wastewater ◽

E Coli ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Carbapenemase Gene

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in a catastrophic increase in the levels of antibiotic resistance in India. Hospitals treat critical bacterial infections and thus can serve as reservoirs of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Hence, this study was conducted to gauge the prevalence patterns of MDR bacteria in hospital wastewater. Water samples collected from 11 hospitals and 4 environmental sources belonging to 5 most-densely populated districts of West Bengal, India were grown on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. A total of 84 (hospital-associated = 70, environmental water sources = 14) isolates were characterized. The predominant species found in water from hospital-associated areas (HAA) were Acinetobacter baumannii (22.9%), Escherichia coli (28.6 %), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7%). Greater than 75% of the HAA isolates were found to be mcr-1 gene negative and colistinresistant. Meropenem non-susceptibility was also high among the HAA isolates at 58.6%, with the presence of the carbapenemase gene and blaNDM in 67.1% of the non-susceptible isolates. Among the three predominant species, significantly higher numbers of E. coli isolates were found to be non-susceptible to meropenem ((80%), p-value = 0.00432) and amikacin (AK (90%), p-value = 0.00037). This study provides evidence for the presence of high numbers of colistin-resistant and carbapenem-hydrolyzing Proteobacteriain hospital wastewater.

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Evaluation of Biofilm Production by Escherichia coli Isolated From Clinical Cases of Canine Pyometra

Topics in Companion Animal Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 100429

Author(s):

Tessa E. Fiamengo ◽

Erin E. Runcan ◽

Christopher Premanandan ◽

Bryan Blawut ◽

Marco A. Coutinho da Silva

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Clinical Cases

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Survey on Biofilm Production and Presence of Attachment Factors in Human Uropathogenic Strains of Escherichia coli

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm-13108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naghmeh Moori Bakhtiari ◽

Shahab Javadmakoei

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Biofilm Production

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Biofilm and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Production amongst Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolates at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

International Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.18502/ijml.v6i4.1999 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dele Ohinoyi Amadu ◽

Charles Nwabuisi ◽

Yahaya Usman ◽

Jelili Olaide Mustapha ◽

Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Health Concern ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Antibacterial Resistance ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

The University

Background and Aims: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are considered major reservoir for genes encoding antimicrobial resistance. The mechanism of resistance and persistence of UPEC has been attributed to the production of biofilm and Extended Beta Lactamase (ESBL). This hospital-based prospective study determined how biofilm and ESBL production facilitate antibacterial resistance amongst UPEC isolated from catheter urine of patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Urine samples from 113 catheterized inpatients and outpatients were analysed. Female subjects accounted for 47 (41.6%) of the study population. Standard microbiological methods and Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E were used for the isolation and identification of UPEC. Tissue culture plate technique was used to demonstrate biofilm production potentials and double-disc synergy test was used to determine ESBL production. Results: Catheter associated urinary tract infection in this study was 70.8% of samples analysed. Of this, Escherichia coli, 44 (55.0%) was the most predominant. UPEC, biofilm and ESBL production amounted to 38.9%, 81.8% and 27.2%, respectively. ESBL production was significantly associated with degree of biofilm formation (p<0.005). Both strong and moderate biofilm producers showed the same level of resistance to ceftazidime (31.6%). Moderate biofilm producers were 46.7% resistant to cefriaxone. Resistance to Amoxillin-clauvanate significantly occurred in all grades of biofilm producers (p>0.05). Imipenem, however, was the most sensitive with no resistance by the UPEC. Conclusions: ESBL and biofilm production were associated with antibacterial resistance. The incidence of ESBL production amongst biofilm forming UPEC is of great public health concern.

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Characterization and antibiogram of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in South Bengal, India

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.5713 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

A. Banik ◽

D. P. Isore ◽

S. N. Joardar ◽

K. Batabyal ◽

S. Dey

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

West Bengal ◽

Sheep Blood Agar ◽

Blood Agar ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

E Coli ◽

Sheep Blood ◽

Common Serotypes

Diarrhoea in canines is mainly caused by Escherichia coli which can be fatal also. To understand the depth of this infection, a study was undertaken to detect E. coli isolates from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in Southern part of West Bengal. A total of 112 canine samples were tested during May to September 2012 revealing approx 63.4% (71) samples positive for Escherichia coli. The most common serotypes were O8 (23.9%) followed by O157 (19.7%), O101 (16.9%), O26 (15.5%), O153 (12.7%) and O6 (11.3%). Among these O6, O8, O26 and O157 were highly pathogenic to mice causing almost 100% mortality within 24hrs of inoculation and were also detected to be haemolytic on sheep blood agar plates except serotype O8. These isolates were mostly sensitive to nalidixic acid (80.29%), cotrimoxazole (78.88%), ciprofloxacin (74.65%), colistin and ceftriaxone (both 71.83%) but were resistant to amikacin (97.18%), kanamycin (95.78%), cephalexin (92.96%) and enrofloxacin (84.51%).

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Phylogenetic analysis, biofilm production, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from slaughtered pigs

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9926 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1309-1315

Author(s):

A.S. Santos ◽

D.C.V. Lima ◽

E.F.T.S. Fernandes ◽

P.P.F. Albuquerque ◽

G.V. Gouveia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Enteric Diseases ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽

Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Enteric diseases of bacterial origin are frequent in the pig industry, of particular notoriety are the colibacillosis that mainly affect piglets and cause great damage to the swine industry worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze phylogenetics, to detect biofilm production, and to determine antimicrobial resistance profile in 126 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from swabs obtained from fragments of the small intestines of 235 healthy pigs killed in slaughterhouses in Pernambuco (Brazil) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), adherence to microplates test and disc diffusion technique. Of the analyzed samples, 88.10% (111/126) were classified in phylogenetic group B1; 4.76% (6/126) in group D; 3.97% (5/126) in group B2 and, 3.17% (4/126) in group A. Antimicrobial resistance rates observed were: lincomycin 100% (126/126), erythromycin 100% (126/126), chlortetracycline 94.44% (119/126), cephalothin 51.59% (65/126), ampicillin 38.89% (49/126), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 37.3% (47/126), ciprofloxacin 19.84% (25/126), norfloxacin 14.29% (18/126), gentamicin 8.73% (11/126) and, chloramphenicol 5.55% (7/126). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) ranged from 0.2 to 0.9. Of the strains tested 46.03% (58/126) produced biofilm, and 99.21% (125/126) of the strains exhibited multi-resistance. Further studies are required to elucidate the importance of each phylogenetic group in pigs and to prevent the propagation of multi-resistant E. coli strains.

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