scholarly journals Association between Biofilm-Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC): An In Vitro Study

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Behzadi ◽  
Edit Urbán ◽  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections requiring medical attention worldwide. The production of biofilms is an important step in UTIs, not only from a mechanistic point of view, but this may also confer additional resistance, distinct from other aspects of multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) Escherichia coli isolates, originating from clean-catch urine samples, were included in this study. The isolates were classified into five groups: wild-type, ciprofloxacin-resistant, fosfomycin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The bacterial specimens were cultured using eosine methylene blue agar and the colony morphology of isolates were recorded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was carried out with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. n = 76 isolates (30.4%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in n = 135 cases (54.0%), and n = 119 (47.6%) were positive for biofilm formation. The agreement (i.e., predictive value) of mucoid variant colonies in regard to biofilm production in the tube-adherence assay was 0.881 overall. Significant variation was seen in the case of the group of ESBL-producers in the ratio of biofilm-producing isolates. The relationship between biofilm-production and other resistance determinants has been extensively studied. However, no definite conclusion can be reached from the currently available data.

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile of Urinary Tract Infections: Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2577-2584
Author(s):  
Tariq Ahmad Shah ◽  
P. Preethishree ◽  
Ashwini ◽  
Vidya Pai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common complaints in the outpatient clinic and a major health problem owing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the causative bacterial agent of UTI and detect in vitro biofilm formation by Escherichia coli and investigate its correlation with antibiotic resistance. Urine samples from 519 patients with suspected UTIs were collected and processed by conventional microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for E. coli isolates was performed on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) plates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm production was evaluated using the tissue culture plate method. Of 519 urine samples, 115 (22.1%) showed significant bacteriuria. The most common isolate was E. coli (n=57, 49.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (n=23, 20%). All E. coli isolates were evaluated for their ability to form biofilms in vitro. Of 57 isolates, 50 (87.7%) were biofilm producers and 7 (12.3%) were non-biofilm producers. Antibiogram of E. coli isolates revealed the highest resistance to ampicillin (96.5%) and nitrofurantoin (91.2%), followed by amoxyclav (82.5%), ceftazidime (73.7%), cefepime (71.9%), and tetracycline (71.9%). A significant association (p<0.05) was observed between biofilm formation and resistance to amoxyclav, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. A significant correlation was noted between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance. Hence, screening of all isolates of uropathogenic E. coli for biofilm production and studying their antibiogram would allow appropriate choice of antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI AMONG DIARRHEAL CHILDRENIN WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lafontaine Mesquita TABORDA ◽  
Luiz Antônio da SILVA ◽  
Patricia Puccinelli ORLANDI ◽  
Flávia Serrano BATISTA ◽  
Renata Santos RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Porto Velho

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is one of the main acute and chronic diarrhea causes both in children and adults, mainly in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to characterize EAEC strains isolated from faecal samples and to identify genes potentially contributing to virulence, biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance in children admitted to a pediatric hospital in Porto Velho, Rondônia State. METHODS: The total of 1,625 E. coli specimens were isolated from 591 children in the age group 6 years or younger who were hospitalized in Cosme and Damião Children Hospital in Porto Velho, between February 2010 and February 2012, with acute gastroenteritis. Colonies suggestive of E. coli were subjected to polymerase chain reaction testing in order to identify the virulence factors. The in vitro adhesion assays using HEp-2 adherence were tests. Biofilm detection through spectrophotometry and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The mentioned study examined 591 stool samples from children with diarrhea. Diarrheogenic E. coli was found in 27.4% (162/591) of the children. EAEC was the diarreagenic E. coli most frequently associated with diarrhea 52.4% (85/162), which was followed by enteropathogenic E. coli 43.8% (71/162), enterotoxigenic E. coli 2.4% (4/162), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli 1.2% (2/162). The aggR gene was detected in 63.5% (54/85) of EAEC isolates; moreover, statistically significant correlation was observed among typical EAEC (aggR) and aatA (P<0.0001), irp2 (P=0.0357) and shf (P=0.0328). It was recorded that 69% (59/85) of the 85 analyzed EAEC strains were biofilm producers; 73% (43/59) of the biofilm producers carried the aggR gene versus 42.3% (11/26) of non-producers (P=0.0135). In addition, there was association between the aatA gene and biofilm production; 61% (36/59) of the samples presented producer strains, versus 19.2% (5/26) of non-producers (P<0.0004). Antibiotic sensitivity test evidenced that most EAEC were ampicillin 70.6% (60/85), sulfamethoxazole 60% (51/85), tetracycline 44.7% (38/85) and cefotaxime 22.4% (19/85) resistant. CONCLUSION: As far as it is known, the present study is pioneer in Northern Brazil to investigate EAEC virulence factors and to show the antimicrobial susceptibility of EAEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea.

The Frequency of Fluoroquinolone Resistant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from Stools of Diarrheic Children in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebuka David ◽  
MA Yameen ◽  
IO Igwenyi ◽  
IR Iroha ◽  
HC Nzelibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of acute childhood diarrhea. The evaluation of ETEC in children is important for therapeutic and economic purposes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of ETEC among diarrheic children, their multidrug and fluoroquinolone resistant pattern. A total of twenty diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) isolates were gotten from hundred diarrheal samples using biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the presence of four different pathological types of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms. Biofilm formation was detected by thiazoylblue tetrazolium bromide dye in a 96-well plate. Results showed that ETEC represented 30% of the DEC, of which 80% were multidrug and fluoroquinolone resistant. The biofilm production abilities of all the ETEC were found to exist within weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers. We observed a high ETEC frequency and rapid emergence of multidrug/fluoroquinolone resistance, suggesting that it is one of the most important causes of frequent drug resistant diarrhea in children in this region.

scholarly journals Association between biofilm-production and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates: A laboratory-based case study and a literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Krisztina Kárpáti ◽  
Ádám László Nagy ◽  
Máté Gugolya ◽  
Anette Stájer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Biofilm Production

AbstractBacteria can enhance their survival by attaching to inanimate surfaces or tissues, and presenting as multicellular communities encased in a protective extracellular matrix called biofilm. There has been pronounced interest in assessing the relationship between the antibiotic resistant phenotype and biofilm-production in clinically-relevant pathogens. The aim of the present paper was to provide additional experimental results on the topic, testing the biofilm-forming capacity of Escherichia coli isolates using in vitro methods in the context of their antibiotic resistance in the form of a laboratory case study, in addition to provide a comprehensive review of the subject. In our case study, a total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) E. coli isolates, originating from either clean-catch urine samples (n = 125) or invasive samples (n = 125) were included. The colony morphology of isolates were recorded after 24h, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was assessed with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. Altogether 57 isolates (22.8%) isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), 89 isolates (35.6%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in 131 cases (52.4%), and 108 (43.2%) were positive for biofilm formation. Biofilm-producers were less common among isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.043 and P = 0.023, respectively). Biofilms facilitate a protective growth strategy in bacteria, ensuring safety against environmental stressors, components of the immune system and noxious chemical agents. Being an integral part of bacterial physiology, biofilm-formation is interdependent with the expression of other virulence factors (especially adhesins) and quorum sensing signal molecules. More research is required to allow for the full understanding of the interplay between the MDR phenotype and biofilm-production, which will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Detection of biofilm among uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi M. Karigoudar ◽  
Mahesh H. Karigoudar ◽  
Sanjay M. Wavare ◽  
Smita S. Mangalgi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli accounts for 70%–95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilms formation being the prime cause for the antibiotic resistance. Biofilm can restrict the diffusion of substances and binding of antimicrobials. In this context, the present study is aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli strains isolated from urine and to correlate their susceptibility pattern with biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTI were included in the study. The identification of E. coli was performed by colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The detection of biofilm was carried out by Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM), and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plate. RESULTS: Of the 100 E. coli strains, 49 (49%) and 51 (51%) were from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, respectively. Biofilm production was positive by CRA, TM, and TCP method were 49 (49%), 55 (55%), and 69 (69%), respectively. Biofilm producers showed maximum resistance to co-trimoxazole (73.9%), gentamicin (94.2%), and imipenem (11.6%) when compared to nonbiofilm producers. Significant association was seen between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with a P = 0.01 (<0.05). CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of biofilm detection in E. coli will help in the development of newer and more effective treatment. The detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps in choosing the correct antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Sialic Acid and Complex Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in the Chinchilla Middle Ear

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3210-3218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Jurcisek ◽  
Laura Greiner ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Anthony Zaleski ◽  
Michael A. Apicella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is an important pathogen in respiratory tract infections, including otitis media (OM). NTHI forms biofilms in vitro as well as in the chinchilla middle ear, suggesting that biofilm formation in vivo might play an important role in the pathogenesis and chronicity of OM. We've previously shown that SiaA, SiaB, and WecA are involved in biofilm production by NTHI in vitro. To investigate whether these gene products were also involved in biofilm production in vivo, NTHI strain 2019 and five isogenic mutants with deletions in genes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis were inoculated into the middle ears of chinchillas. The wild-type strain formed a large, well-organized, and viable biofilm; however, the wecA, lsgB, siaA, pgm, and siaB mutants were either unable to form biofilms or formed biofilms of markedly reduced mass, organization, and viability. Despite their compromised ability to form a biofilm in vivo, wecA, lsgB, and siaA mutants survived in the chinchilla, inducing culture-positive middle ear effusions, whereas pgm and siaB mutants were extremely sensitive to the bactericidal activity of chinchilla serum and thus did not survive. Lectin analysis indicated that sialic acid was an important component of the NTHI 2019 biofilm produced in vivo. Our data suggested that genes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis and assembly play an important role in the ability of NTHI to form a biofilm in vivo. Collectively, we found that when modeled in a mammalian host, whereas biofilm formation was not essential for survivability of NTHI in vivo, lipooligosaccharide sialylation was indispensable.

scholarly journals Detection of plasmid-mediated qnr genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
Younes Soleimani-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, which complicates treatment, has been increasingly identified in Escherichia coli isolates worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify the plasmid-mediated qnrA and qnrB genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Iran. Methodology: A total of 140 Escherichia coli isolates were collected between March and October 2012 from urinary tract infections in Khorram Abad, Iran. All isolates were tested for quinoloe resistance using the disk diffusion method. Also, all quinolone-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of the qnrA and qnrB genes by polymerase chain reaction. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin for the qnr-positive isolates were determined. Results: One hundred sixteen (82.8%) of 140 Escherichia coli isolates were nalidixic acid-resistant; among them, 14 (12.1%) and 9 (7.8%) were qnrA and qnrB-positive, respectively. Two quinolone-resistant isolates harbored both qnrA and qnrB. Among 63 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, 14 (22.2%) and 9 (14.3%) were found to carry qnrA and qnrB genes, respectively. The ciprofloxacin MIC range was 0.25–512 μg/mL for 23 qnr-positive Escherichia coli isolates, 18 of which had MICs values of 4–512 μg/mL. Conclusion: Our study shows that the frequency of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among E. coli isolates in Iran is high.

scholarly journals Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kiana Karimi ◽  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Parinaz Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that can lead to 14–20% of nosocomial infections. The ability of biofilm formation in this bacterium decreases the host immune response and antibiotic efficacy. This may impose a huge impact on patients and healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from two major Hamadan hospitals, west of Iran. Methods. A total of 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients in different wards of Hamadan hospitals from September 2018 to March 2019. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and chi-square test. Results. The results showed that clinical samples included 18 urinary tract samples (22%), 6 wound samples (7%), 6 blood samples (7%), 17 tracheal tube aspiration samples (20%), 32 throat cultures (38%), 2 sputum samples (2.5%), and 2 abscess drain cultures (2.5%). High-level resistance to cefotaxime was detected in 92%, and all of isolates were susceptible to colistin. Biofilm formation was seen in 62 (75%) isolates. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 17 (20%) strains. A significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance ( P value <0.05). Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for proper diagnosis, control, and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae especially in respiratory tract infections due to the strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance in these strains.

scholarly journals Drug resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among uropathogenic Escherichia coli including O25-ST131 in Mexico City

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Molina-López ◽  
Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores ◽  
Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio ◽  
Sandra Gavilanes-Parra ◽  
María Elena Chávez-Berrocal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains resistant to multiple antibiotics complicates the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among strains of E. coli isolated from outpatients with UTIs in Mexico City. Methodology: A total of 119 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples from outpatients with clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated UTIs from 2004 to 2007. The serotype was assessed by agglutination in microtiter plates; susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the disk diffusion method. Clone O25-ST131 and phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains were tested by methods based on PCR multiplex. Results: The predominant serotype was O25:H4 (21.2%). Resistance to antibiotics was ampicillin (83.7%); piperacillin (53.8%); the fluoroquinolone group (55.5-60.6%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (56.4%). Additionally, 36 (30.2%) isolates were multidrug-resistant and 13 of these 36 strains were identified as E. coli O25-ST131 clone by an allele-specific PCR-based assay. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 of 17 isolates with serotype O25:H4 belonged to group B2. Conclusions: This is the first report that establishes the presence in Mexico of the O25-ST131 clonal group of E. coli, which has been associated with multidrug-resistance and with high virulence potential. The spread of this clone in Mexico should be monitored closely. We found a correlation between serotype O25:H4 and multidrug resistance in UPEC strains. Our results indicate that the use of ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, and TMP/SMX should be reviewed when selecting empirical therapy for UTIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among the multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddadi Azam ◽  
Somayeh Mikaili Ghezeljeh ◽  
Shavandi Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Horizontal gene transfer, directed by strong selective pressure of antibiotics, has resulted in the widespread distribution of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The dissemination of resistance genes is enhanced when they are trapped in integrons. Objectives To determine the prevalence of integrons among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains collected from regional hospitals and private clinical laboratories in Alborz province. Methods The susceptibility of 111 clinical Escherichia coli isolates was tested using a Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for common antibiotics. Isolates were screened for the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) using a double disk synergy test. The existence of integrons was confirmed by amplification of the integrase gene and their class determined via analysis of PCR products by PCR-RFLP. Results Isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ceftizoxime were the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Eighty-eight isolates of 111 (79%) were resistant to more than three unrelated drugs. We found 30% of the multidrug resistant isolates harbor integrons. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 25 and 1 isolates, respectively. ESBL screening of strains showed 45 isolates (40%) were positive; 22% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried class 1 integrons and the frequency of MDR in ESBLpositive isolates was 93%. Conclusion The existence of integrons in only 29.5% of multidrug resistant isolates showed that besides integrons, antibiotic resistance genes were probably carried on other transferable elements lacking integrons, such as transposons or plasmids.

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