Calibration of a rumen bolus to measure continuous internal body temperature in moose

Previous research has assumed that a perfect Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) body temperature manager is available. Maintaining this temperature at a desired value can ensure a high reaction efficiency over all operation. However, fuel cell internal body temperature control has not been specifically presented so far. This work presents such control, using a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) fuel cell cooling system to regulate the internal body temperature of a PEMFC intended for transportation. The cooling system plant is taken from a recently developed hydrogen/air PEMFC total system model. It is linearized and used to design a series of controllers via μ-synthesis. μ-synthesis is chosen since system nonlinearities can be handled as parameter uncertainties. A controller must coordinate the desired fuel cell internal temperature and commanded mass flow rates of the coolant and cooling air. Each linear controller is created for a segment of the expected current density range. Plant parameters are expected to vary over their linearized values in each segment. Also, a common set of μ-synthesis weighting functions has been developed to ease controller design at different operating points. Thus, the nonlinear cooling subsystem can be controlled with a series of current density scheduled linear controllers. Current density step change simulations are presented to compare the controller closed loop performance and open loop response which uses cooling system flow rates taken from an optimal steady state solution of the whole fuel cell system. Furthermore, a closed loop sinusoid response is also given. These show that the closed loop driven internal fuel cell temperature will vary little during operation. However, this will only be true over the range that the cooling system is required to be active.

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Measuring Food Anticipation in Mice

Clocks & Sleep ◽

10.3390/clockssleep1010007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74

Author(s):

Tomaz Martini ◽

Jürgen Ripperger ◽

Urs Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Gene Function ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Circadian System ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Evolutionary Advantage ◽

Internal Body

The interplay between the circadian system and metabolism may give animals an evolutionary advantage by allowing them to anticipate food availability at specific times of the day. Physiological adaptation to feeding time allows investigation of animal parameters and comparison of food anticipation between groups of animals with genetic alterations and/or post pharmacological intervention. Such an approach is vital for understanding gene function and mechanisms underlying the temporal patterns of both food anticipation and feeding. Exploring these mechanisms will allow better understanding of metabolic disorders and might reveal potential new targets for pharmacological intervention. Changes that can be easily monitored and that represent food anticipation on the level of the whole organism are a temporarily restricted increase of activity and internal body temperature.

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Novel energy-saving strategies to multiple stressors in birds: the ultradian regulation of body temperature

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2016.1551 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 283 (1839) ◽

pp. 20161551 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Glenn J. Tattersall ◽

Damien Roussel ◽

Yann Voituron ◽

Loïc Teulier

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Multiple Stressors ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Short Term ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Key Sites ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding ◽

Reduced Surface ◽

Internal Body

This study aimed to examine thermoregulatory responses in birds facing two commonly experienced stressors, cold and fasting. Logging devices allowing long-term and precise access to internal body temperature were placed within the gizzards of ducklings acclimated to cold (CA) (5°C) or thermoneutrality (TN) (25°C). The animals were then examined under three equal 4-day periods: ad libitum feeding, fasting and re-feeding. Through the analysis of daily as well as short-term, or ultradian, variations of body temperature, we showed that while ducklings at TN show only a modest decline in daily thermoregulatory parameters when fasted, they exhibit reduced surface temperatures from key sites of vascular heat exchange during fasting. The CA birds, on the other hand, significantly reduced their short-term variations of body temperature while increasing long-term variability when fasting. This phenomenon would allow the CA birds to reduce the energetic cost of body temperature maintenance under fasting. By analysing ultradian regulation of body temperature, we describe a means by which an endotherm appears to lower thermoregulatory costs in response to the combined stressors of cold and fasting.

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Recent progress in non-invasive imaging of Internal body temperature using the water proton chemical shift.

Journal of Advanced Science ◽

10.2978/jsas.14.165 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 165-169

Author(s):

Kagayaki KURODA

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Chemical Shift ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Water Proton ◽

Proton Chemical Shift ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Internal Body

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Effect of air temperature and humidity in a stable on basic physiological parameters in horses

Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.4154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 55-65

Author(s):

Iwona Janczarek ◽

Izabela Wilk ◽

Anna Wiśniewska ◽

Roland Kusy ◽

Katarzyna Cikacz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Marked Effect ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Research Material ◽

Different Seasons ◽

One Year ◽

Internal Body

The aim of the study was to analyse selected air parameters in a stable (microclimate) and the basic physiological parameters of horses housed in the stable in different seasons of the year. The research material was 12 adult hot-blooded horses kept in a brick stable with stalls. Air parameters in the stable (temperature in the passageway, temperature in the stall at two points, relative humidity in the passageway, and relative humidity in the stall at two points) were determined four times in one year, in summer, autumn, winter and spring. Measurements were made with a Bluetooth BLE-LOGGER LB-518 battery-operated cordless thermo-hygrometer at 12 noon at five points in the stable located 300 cm apart. Physiological parameters of the horses, i.e. internal body temperature (Veterinär SC 12 veterinary thermometer), heart rate (Polar ELECTRO OY RS800CX with PolarProTrainer 5.0. software), and respiratory rate (with a manual stopwatch) were measured at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. on each day of the study. The season of the year was found to have a significant influence on the microclimate of the stable. To ensure optimal air humidity, airing of the stable should be limited only in winter and periodically in autumn. It is also worth emphasizing that the stable microclimate has a marked effect on the basic physiological parameters of horses. High temperature and relative humidity in the stable can cause unfavourable changes in the form of an increase in evening body temperature in the summer and a decrease in the winter. The remaining parameters, i.e. heart rate and respiratory rate, can also unfavourably increase, mainly in the summer. Horses should have fewer problems maintaining normal physiological parameters in winter, even fewer in autumn, and the fewest in spring.

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