228 EFFECT OF INTERNAL BODY TEMPERATURE ON ENERGY INTAKE SOON AFTER AEROBIC EXERCISE

Previous research has assumed that a perfect Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) body temperature manager is available. Maintaining this temperature at a desired value can ensure a high reaction efficiency over all operation. However, fuel cell internal body temperature control has not been specifically presented so far. This work presents such control, using a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) fuel cell cooling system to regulate the internal body temperature of a PEMFC intended for transportation. The cooling system plant is taken from a recently developed hydrogen/air PEMFC total system model. It is linearized and used to design a series of controllers via μ-synthesis. μ-synthesis is chosen since system nonlinearities can be handled as parameter uncertainties. A controller must coordinate the desired fuel cell internal temperature and commanded mass flow rates of the coolant and cooling air. Each linear controller is created for a segment of the expected current density range. Plant parameters are expected to vary over their linearized values in each segment. Also, a common set of μ-synthesis weighting functions has been developed to ease controller design at different operating points. Thus, the nonlinear cooling subsystem can be controlled with a series of current density scheduled linear controllers. Current density step change simulations are presented to compare the controller closed loop performance and open loop response which uses cooling system flow rates taken from an optimal steady state solution of the whole fuel cell system. Furthermore, a closed loop sinusoid response is also given. These show that the closed loop driven internal fuel cell temperature will vary little during operation. However, this will only be true over the range that the cooling system is required to be active.

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Baseline Habitual Physical Activity Predicts Weight Loss, Weight Compensation, and Energy Intake During Aerobic Exercise

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.22766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 882-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christoph Höchsmann ◽

James L. Dorling ◽

John W. Apolzan ◽

Neil M. Johannsen ◽

Daniel S. Hsia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Habitual Physical Activity ◽

Weight Compensation

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Higher Usual Energy Intake, Body Mass, Body Mass Index, and Fat Free Mass Index Are Associated with Lower Attrition from an Arduous Military Selection Course (P23-005-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz043.p23-005-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Emily Farina ◽

Lauren Thompson ◽

Joseph Knapik ◽

Stefan Pasiakos ◽

James McClung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Strength Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Energy Deficit

Abstract Objectives To determine whether usual energy intake and body composition are associated with attrition from an arduous military selection course characterized by energy deficit and strenuous physical events, including fitness tests, loaded road marches, runs, land navigation, and an obstacle course. Methods Energy intake and body composition were assessed in U.S. Army Soldiers (n = 776) at the start of a military assessment and selection course. Usual energy intake (kcal) over the previous year was estimated from a 127-item Block food frequency questionnaire. Body composition measures, including body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI, body mass in kg/height in m2), fat free mass index (FFMI, fat free mass in kg/height in m2), and fat mass index (FMI, fat mass in kg/height in m2) were assessed by calibrated scale and 3-site skinfold caliper measures. Associations between energy intake, body composition, and demographics were determined with analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to determine likelihood of attrition [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] based on quartiles of energy intake and body composition. Models were adjusted for age, education, duration of aerobic exercise, duration of strength training, smoking status, and smokeless tobacco use. Results Soldiers that were younger (18–24 y), engaged in longer duration of aerobic exercise (≥200 min/wk) and strength training (≥400 min/wk), had more education (≥some college), and were smokeless tobacco users had higher energy intakes (P < 0.05). Higher energy intake was associated with higher body mass and FFMI (P < 0.05). After adjustment, Soldiers with higher energy intake, body mass, BMI, and FFMI were less likely to fail the strenuous course (Q1 vs. Q2, Q3, and Q4: OR range = 0.25–0.54; 95% CI lower bound range = 0.15–0.33; 95% CI upper bound range = 0.46–0.87). FMI was not associated with attrition. Conclusions Optimization of body composition by adequate consumption of calories prior to a physically demanding military selection course may be associated with reduced attrition. Funding Sources Supported by U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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95 The effect of incremental dietary energy density from 13.8 to 15.9 MJ DE/kg on piglet vitality and growth to weaning

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 54-54

Author(s):

Hazel B Rooney ◽

Keelin O’Driscoll ◽

John O’Doherty ◽

Peadar Lawlor

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Energy Density ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Genetic Selection ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Sow Lactation ◽

Dietary Energy Density

Abstract Genetic selection for hyper-prolificacy in sows has resulted in a significant increase in the number of piglets born alive per litter; however, a consequence has been a reduction in piglet vitality and survival. Increasing lactation dietary energy density can increase sow energy intake and the survival and growth of piglets from large litters. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of increasing sow lactation dietary energy density on piglet vitality and growth to weaning. At d 108 of gestation, sows (n = 115) were blocked by parity, BW and backfat, and randomly assigned to one of four energy density diets until weaning; 13.8, 14.5, 15.2 and 15.9 MJ DE/kg. At birth, body temperature, IUGR traits and muscle tone were recorded in piglets. At 24 h, piglet body temperature and blood glucose concentration were recorded. Piglets were weighed throughout lactation. Data were analysed using the mixed models procedure in SAS (v.9.4). Average daily energy intake was highest for sows fed 15.9 MJ DE/kg compared to sows fed 13.8, 14.5 and 15.2 MJ DE/kg (115.1 v 98.92, 102.33, 107.83MJ DE/d±1.51; P < 0.01). Piglets from sows fed 13.8 and 15.9 MJ DE/kg were more likely to have more IUGR traits and a higher muscle tone score, respectively, compared with all other treatments (P < 0.01). The 24 h body temperature was higher for piglets from sows fed 13.8 and 15.2 MJ DE/kg than piglets from sows fed 15.9 MJ DE/kg (35.47 and 35.48 v 35.22⁰C±0.05; P < 0.01). Glucose concentration was higher for piglets from sows fed 14.5 MJ DE/kg than piglets from sows fed 15.9 MJ DE/kg (4.70 v 4.15mg/ml±0.14; P < 0.01). Litter weaning weight was heaviest for sows fed 13.8 MJ DE/kg compared with sows fed 14.5 MJ DE/kg (92.90 v 84.97kg±1.59; P < 0.01). In conclusion, feeding lactating sows 15.9 MJ DE/kg increased daily sow energy intake and improved piglet development.

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Measuring Food Anticipation in Mice

Clocks & Sleep ◽

10.3390/clockssleep1010007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74

Author(s):

Tomaz Martini ◽

Jürgen Ripperger ◽

Urs Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Gene Function ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Circadian System ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Evolutionary Advantage ◽

Internal Body

The interplay between the circadian system and metabolism may give animals an evolutionary advantage by allowing them to anticipate food availability at specific times of the day. Physiological adaptation to feeding time allows investigation of animal parameters and comparison of food anticipation between groups of animals with genetic alterations and/or post pharmacological intervention. Such an approach is vital for understanding gene function and mechanisms underlying the temporal patterns of both food anticipation and feeding. Exploring these mechanisms will allow better understanding of metabolic disorders and might reveal potential new targets for pharmacological intervention. Changes that can be easily monitored and that represent food anticipation on the level of the whole organism are a temporarily restricted increase of activity and internal body temperature.

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Restricted energy intake affects nocturnal body temperature and sleep patterns

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/59.2.346 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 346-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A Karklin ◽

H S Driver ◽

R Buffenstein

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Sleep Patterns

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Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 905-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Lucy K. Wasse ◽

James A. King ◽

David J. Stensel ◽

Caroline Sunderland

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Short Term ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Increase Energy Intake ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Intake Regulation

Ambient temperature during exercise may affect energy intake regulation. Compared with a temperate (20 °C) environment, 1 h of running followed by 6 h of rest tended to decrease energy intake from 2 ad libitum meals in a hot (30 °C) environment but increase energy intake in a cool (10 °C) environment (p = 0.08). Core temperature changes did not appear to mediate this trend; whether acylated ghrelin is involved is unclear. Further research is warranted to clarify these findings.

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