scholarly journals Role of Root Clusters in Phosphorus Acquisition and Increasing Biological Diversity in Agriculture

2007 ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lambers ◽  
M.W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Phosphorus Acquisition

scholarly journals Challenging the State: Devolutionary Tenure Transitions for Saving and Expanding Forests

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Alden Wily
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Customary Land

AbstractI address a contentious element in forest property relations to illustrate the role of ownership in protecting and expanding of forest cover by examining the extent to which rural communities may legally own forests. The premise is that whilst state-owned protected areas have contributed enormously to forest survival, this has been insufficiently successful to justify the mass dispossession of customary land-owning communities this has entailed. Further, I argue that state co-option of community lands is unwarranted. Rural communities on all continents ably demonstrate the will and capacity to conserve forests – provided their customary ownership is legally recognized. I explore the property rights reforms now enabling this. The replication potential of community protected forestlands is great enough to deserve flagship status in global commitments to expand forest including in the upcoming new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

scholarly journals Big hitting collectors make massive and disproportionate contribution to the discovery of plant species

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1736) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Mark A. Carine ◽  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Elspeth M. Haston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geographical Locations

Discovering biological diversity is a fundamental goal—made urgent by the alarmingly high rate of extinction. We have compiled information from more than 100 000 type specimens to quantify the role of collectors in the discovery of plant diversity. Our results show that more than half of all type specimens were collected by less than 2 per cent of collectors. This highly skewed pattern has persisted through time. We demonstrate that a number of attributes are associated with prolific plant collectors: a long career with increasing productivity and experience in several countries and plant families. These results imply that funding a small number of expert plant collectors in the right geographical locations should be an important element in any effective strategy to find undiscovered plant species and complete the inventory of the world flora.

The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields*

Weed Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J P Marshall ◽  
V K Brown ◽  
N D Boatman ◽  
P J W Lutman ◽  
G R Squire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Crop Fields

scholarly journals The resource role of flowering woody plants in increasing the insects biological diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kuzmina ◽  
Elena Toropova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Power ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Northern Forest

The aim of the study was to assess the resource role of flowering woody plants in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region during the flowering period of woody plants from the Oleaceae family of the genus Syringa: S. josikaea J. and S. vulgaris L. Insects were collected by mowing with an entomological net in the crowns and under-crown space. The flowering of plants attracted insects from more than 25 families from 7 orders. The largest number of insects belonged to the order Thysanoptera 79.2%, followed by representatives of the orders Hemiptera (7.1%) and Diptera (6.4%). The entomological faunas of S. josikaea and S. vulgaris differed significantly in their taxonomic composition, insects abundance, and their association with flowering periods. Low coefficients of similarity and high power of the factor “plant species” influence on biological diversity and the insects number were revealed. S. josikaea played a more significant role in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. Research showed that insects are associated with a certain species of woody plant.

Part V Subject Matter, Ch.31 The Protection of the Marine Environment Pollution and Fisheries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabra Adriana
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

This chapter begins by looking at the role of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) as the framework legal instrument on the oceans. Indeed, the UNCLOS is one of the most significant international law instruments of all time and is at the core of today's governance of the oceans. UNCLOS is a product of the time when it was negotiated, which brought together a desire to provide global stability to competing jurisdictional claims over the oceans and devise solutions to rapidly increasing rates of marine pollution. However, technological changes and increased or unforeseen sources of pollution and habitat destruction have exposed some of the Convention's limitations, which derive from a fragmented perspective of the marine environment, and a failure to address the interaction between different ocean uses and marine stressors and provide rules on the conservation of marine biological diversity. The chapter then evaluates global and regional treaty requirements, soft law instruments, and case law concerning the protection of the marine environment from various sources of pollution, and the conservation of marine living resources, with a focus on fisheries, and the protection of marine biodiversity.

The Role of Law in the Regulation of Nigeria’s Biological Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Nasiru N. Musawa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity

scholarly journals The Role of BCL2 Family of Apoptosis Regulator Proteins in Acute and Chronic Leukemias

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Tzifi ◽  
Christina Economopoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Gourgiotis ◽  
Alexandros Ardavanis ◽  
Sotirios Papageorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
New Members ◽  
Bcl2 Family ◽  
Bcl2 Protein ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Apoptosis Regulation

The disturbance of apoptosis molecular signaling pathways is involved in carcinogenesis. BCL2 family of proteins is the hallmark of apoptosis regulation. In the last decade, new members ofBCL2gene family were discovered and cloned and were found to be differentially expressed in many types of cancer. BCL2 protein family, through its role in regulation of apoptotic pathways, is possibly related to cancer pathophysiology and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. It is well known that leukemias are haematopoietic malignancies characterized by biological diversity, varied cytogenetics, different immunophenotype profiles, and diverse outcome. Current research focuses on the prognostic impact and specific role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of leukemias. The understanding of the molecular pathways that participate in the biology of leukemias may lead to the design of new therapies which may improve patients' survival. In the present paper, we describe current knowledge on the role of BCL2 apoptosis regulator proteins in acute and chronic leukemias.

scholarly journals The signature of competition in ecomorphological traits across the avian radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20201585
Author(s):  
A. M. Chira ◽  
C. R. Cooney ◽  
J. A. Bright ◽  
E. J. R. Capp ◽  
E. C. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification ◽  
Best Fit

Competition for shared resources represents a fundamental driver of biological diversity. However, the tempo and mode of phenotypic evolution in deep-time has been predominantly investigated using trait evolutionary models which assume that lineages evolve independently from each other. Consequently, the role of species interactions in driving macroevolutionary dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we quantify the prevalence for signatures of competition between related species in the evolution of ecomorphological traits across the bird radiation. We find that mechanistic trait models accounting for the effect of species interactions on phenotypic divergence provide the best fit for the data on at least one trait axis in 27 out of 59 clades ranging between 21 and 195 species. Where it occurs, the signature of competition generally coincides with positive species diversity-dependence, driven by the accumulation of lineages with similar ecologies, and we find scarce evidence for trait-dependent or negative diversity-dependent phenotypic evolution. Overall, our results suggest that the footprint of interspecific competition is often eroded in long-term patterns of phenotypic diversification, and that other selection pressures may predominantly shape ecomorphological diversity among extant species at macroevolutionary scales.

Crop rotation efficiencies and biological diversity in farming systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Bezdicek ◽  
David Granatstein
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Commodity Programs

AbstractThe positive role of biological diversity in enhancing agricultural sustainability is presented in the context of crop rotation. Once common in virtually all farming systems, crop rotations have been simplified or eliminated during the past two decades from farming systems in most industrialized countries. Specialization, production intensification, government commodity programs, and the resulting short-term economic decisions have all had an influence in reducing crop rotation and diversity. Economic and environmental concerns have raised the question of agricultural sustainability in the public arena. We discuss here the role of diversity and crop rotation in relation to the sustainability issue, including matters of agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, as well as increased efficiency in the use of fossil fuels. Constraints and future directions in the use of crop rotation in modern agriculture are described.

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