scholarly journals Big hitting collectors make massive and disproportionate contribution to the discovery of plant species

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1736) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Mark A. Carine ◽  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Elspeth M. Haston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geographical Locations

Discovering biological diversity is a fundamental goal—made urgent by the alarmingly high rate of extinction. We have compiled information from more than 100 000 type specimens to quantify the role of collectors in the discovery of plant diversity. Our results show that more than half of all type specimens were collected by less than 2 per cent of collectors. This highly skewed pattern has persisted through time. We demonstrate that a number of attributes are associated with prolific plant collectors: a long career with increasing productivity and experience in several countries and plant families. These results imply that funding a small number of expert plant collectors in the right geographical locations should be an important element in any effective strategy to find undiscovered plant species and complete the inventory of the world flora.

scholarly journals The World Flora Online 2020 project: will Cameroon come up to the expectation?

Rodriguésia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Michel Onana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
West African ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
High Level

Abstract Biodiverse Cameroon has been highlighted as the top country in tropical Africa for plant species diversity per degree square, with a higher diversity than all other West African countries added together, and including two of the top documented centres of plant diversity in Tropical Africa. Despite its reduced taxonomic capacity, with only six active taxonomists a high level of botanical activity in the country has resulted in accomplishments such as the databasing of the YA Herbarium (over 60,000 records), which has an in-country collection coverage of almost 95% of the known plant species that are recorded for Cameroon. Other accomplishments are the Red Data Book of the Flowering Plants of Cameroon, several local checklists and published volumes of the Flore du Cameroun which covers 37% of the country's species. Currently the checklist of Cameroon records 7,850 taxa at species and infraspecific level. Resources are needed to support and heighten the profile of this small botanical community. Already thanks to strong collaboration between Cameroon and renowned botanical institutes of others countries, in particular France and United Kingdom, one hundred and thirteen plant families have been published and would help this country to complete the recording of its biodiversity towards contributing to the World Flora Online 2020 project.

scholarly journals The resource role of flowering woody plants in increasing the insects biological diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kuzmina ◽  
Elena Toropova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Power ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Northern Forest

The aim of the study was to assess the resource role of flowering woody plants in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region during the flowering period of woody plants from the Oleaceae family of the genus Syringa: S. josikaea J. and S. vulgaris L. Insects were collected by mowing with an entomological net in the crowns and under-crown space. The flowering of plants attracted insects from more than 25 families from 7 orders. The largest number of insects belonged to the order Thysanoptera 79.2%, followed by representatives of the orders Hemiptera (7.1%) and Diptera (6.4%). The entomological faunas of S. josikaea and S. vulgaris differed significantly in their taxonomic composition, insects abundance, and their association with flowering periods. Low coefficients of similarity and high power of the factor “plant species” influence on biological diversity and the insects number were revealed. S. josikaea played a more significant role in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. Research showed that insects are associated with a certain species of woody plant.

World Order after Caucasian War

2010 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
V. Sheinis
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
International Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supranational Institutions ◽  
The U.S

The world order based on Yalta and Potsdam decisions as well as on two nuclear superpowers infighting has filed as a history. What is coming up to take its place? A correlation between power and law in international policy, national sovereignty and supranational institutions, territorial integrity of states and the right of nations to self-determination, bloc infighting atavisms, so called "double standard" and international interventions – these are critical debating points that the author develops his own approach to. The role of the U.S. in world policy, and the foreign policy choice of Russia are also examined.

Holding Intergovernmental Institutions to Account

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngaire Woods
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Accountability ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Political Decisions

How can governments and peoples better hold to account international economic institutions, such as the WTO, the World Bank, and the IMF? This article proposes an approach based on public accountability, advocating improvements in four areas: constitutional, political, financial, and internal accountability.The argument for more accountability is made with two caveats: more accountability is not always good–it can be distorting and costly; and, enhancing the accountability of international institutions should not justify increasing their jurisdiction for the sake of reducing the role of national governments. Constitutional accountability poses limits on how the institutions expand their activities, requiring the active consent of all members and particularly those most affected by their activities. Political accountability requires that those who make decisions in the organizations are directly answerable to all member governments and not just to the most powerful ones. The institutions' uneven record and structure of financial accountability is addressed through a model of mutual restraint. Finally, the internal accountability should ensure that technical decisions are distinguishable from political decisions. A better matching of the right kinds of accountability to the activities of the organizations would improve both their effectiveness and legitimacy.

scholarly journals KONSEP ORWELISASI DAN PARKINSONISASI DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PUBLIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Bureaucracy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the importance of the role of the right government system within a country. One of the determinants of the good governance system is based on the accuracy in the selection of government bureaucracy system. Therefore, to provide a more detailed understanding, this article will discuss about the bureaucratic system. This review will examine two bureaucratic systems currently dominantly applied by most countries in the world, namely Orwell Bureaucracy (Orwellization) and Parkinson's Bureaucracy (Parkinsonization). This article is divided into four studies, first on the backgrounds of Orwell and Parkinson, the two studies on the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization framework, the three analyzing the application of both concepts within a country, and the fourth is criticism given by experts to the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization. In this study it is found that the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization is still relevant in studying the problems of bureaucratic systems in some countries, the concept of Orwellisasi can create a strong state but weaken the issue of Human Rights (HAM), while the concept of Parkinsonization contributed considerably in the development effort but weaken the system of recruitment of public officials. However, there are some experts who give criticism to the concept of  ureaucracy Orwellisasi and Parkinsonisasi this, this is not apart from weakness owned by each bureaucracy concept. Keywords: bureaucracy, Orwellisasi, dan Parkinsonisasi 

scholarly journals ROLE OF COLORS IN DESIGN WEB BANNER ADVERTISING: IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNIC APPAREL

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ankita Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Banner Ads ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Web

Since the first banner ad spanned the top of the Hot Wired web site in 1994, and internet advertising expenditures have seen triple digit growth to around three billion dollars per year. Although limited in size to 468 by 60 pixel, banner ads are the main form of advertising on the web and today’s scenario it is one of the most prolific form of marketing used in online world. All companies use them in one form or another because they are an affordable, measurable and effective medium to increase Brand awareness and Brand equity. The web is a colorful place, and there is a lot that can be accomplished by using color in the right way, at the right time, with the right audience, and for the right purpose. Therefore it turns out that color is one of the most exciting things in the world.

The New Zealand law and conservation

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Bosselmann ◽  
Prue Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrate Development

New Zealand, like many countries concerned with conservation issues, is reforming its legislation to provide more comprehensive protection of biological diversity and individual species. The basic aim is simple: if you want to protect animals and plants you have to protect their habitat. The problem is, of course, that humans share the very same habitat. How then can the right balance between use and protection be found? Of the principal Acts guiding the protection and preservation of land, animals and plants (such as the 1953 Wildlife Act or the 1987 Conservation Act) the 1991 Resource Management Act (RMA) marks an important turning-point. It aims to integrate development and conservation. The RMA promotes sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Any destruction of, damage to, or disturbance of, the habitats of plants and animals on land, in coastal marine areas and in lakes and rivers is seen as unsustainable, thus to be avoided.The use of the concept of sustainability is a first in national legislation and makes the RMA a leader around the world. However, its successful enforcement is ultimately a matter of changed attitudes. Here the law can only give some guidance.

THE ROLE OF STATE PENSIONS IN SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Makhmudjon Ziyadullaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

This article presents ofthe content of the right to social security, which is considered as one of the constitutional rights of citizens, the role of state pensions in the social protection of pensioners and the world pension systems, including distributive, mandatory and conditional pension funds.As well as the size of pensions and their components, the relevance and importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the ratification of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and changes in thepension sector over the past 3-4 years, taking into account the types of pension provision, frombeginningsof independence of our country

Postscript

2021 ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Z. Brower ◽  
Randall T. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
The World ◽  
Principle Of Parsimony ◽  
Phylogenetic Method

This postscript reflects on the role of parsimony in the future of systematics. Under the view of systematics advocated in this book, the exuberantly messy data of biological diversity are organized into a clear and coherent explanatory framework through the application of the principle of parsimony. The principle of common cause, the principle of cause and effect, and the principle of uniformitarianism are all applications of the principle of parsimony to the explanation of events unfolding in time. Thus, parsimony is not merely an old-fashioned phylogenetic method that has been superceded by purportedly more powerful and sophisticated statistical tools: it is the epistemological key to evaluating empirical evidence and discovering orderly patterns in the world to the extent that our perceptions allow. Ultimately, the success of every scientific inference and prediction relating to empirical phenomena in the world hinges upon parsimony.

The role of the physical education teacher in the education process based on selected Polish books published after 1989

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Beata Foszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Physical Education Teacher ◽  
Education Teacher ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Education Process

The subject of the article is the presentation of the role of physical education teacher in selected books published in Poland after 1989 year. Physical education teacher is played an important role in contemporary pedagogy. His tasks include not only the development of physical fitness of his students, but also the harmonious development of their personality, specially the moral and social sphere, in accordance with the principle of holistic pedagogy. The teacher should care for the right image of himself. He have to introduce the students into the world of the values of physical culture and be the guide to the values of sporting activity. The research used the bibliographic, analytical, descriptive and axiological methods and the technique of content analysis guided by the content and interpretation potential of the axiological dominant of books. The interpretation of axiological contents has shown the role of physical education teacher in the education process.

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