Risks from Ionising Radiation

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Chadwick ◽  
Hendrik P. Leenhouts
Keyword(s):  
Ionising Radiation

Lumiflavin Enhances the Effects of Ionising Radiation on Ovarian Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyuan Wu ◽  
Yangsheng Huang ◽  
Zhaoxia Song ◽  
Ruhui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Cell Vitality ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Proliferation Ability

Background: The development of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is one of the main causes of ovarian cancer tolerance to radiotherapy. Autophagy is an adaptive process by which cells repair damage due to radiation. As a metabolite of riboflavin, lumiflavin can enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of cisplatin on ovarian cancer CSCs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of lumiflavin and ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs and explore the association of this metabolite with autophagy. Methods: CSCs of human ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910 were treated with lumiflavin and rapamycin and then subjected to irradiation at a cumulative dose of 8 Gy. Cell proliferation ability, clonal formation ability, apoptosis rate, autophagy changes and autophagy-related protein changes were detected. Results: Lumiflavin and ionising radiation synergistically reduced cell vitality and clone formation and increased the apoptosis of CSCs compared with irradiation alone. In addition, ionising radiation increased autophagy and the expression of associated proteins, whereas lumiflavin reduced those changes in autophagy progression. Moreover, rapamycin, an autophagy inhibitor, was observed to block the synergistic effects of lumiflavin and ionising radiation on CSC apoptosis. Conclusion: Lumiflavin can enhance the effects of ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs. The mechanism by which these effects are exerted is related to blocking the autophagy pathway.

scholarly journals Induction of myogenic differentiation in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells by ionising radiation, N,N-dimethylformamide and their combination

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Nicoletti ◽  
C De Giovanni ◽  
L Landuzzi ◽  
G Simone ◽  
P Rocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Ionising Radiation

scholarly journals ATM Kinase Inhibition Preferentially Sensitises PTEN-Deficient Prostate Tumour Cells to Ionising Radiation

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Conor Hanna ◽  
Victoria L. Dunne ◽  
Steven M. Walker ◽  
Karl T. Butterworth ◽  
Nuala McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Biochemical Failure ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Minimal Toxicity

Radical radiotherapy, often in combination with hormone ablation, is a safe and effective treatment option for localised or locally-advanced prostate cancer. However, up to 30% of patients with locally advanced PCa will go on to develop biochemical failure, within 5 years, following initial radiotherapy. Improving radiotherapy response is clinically important since patients exhibiting biochemical failure develop castrate-resistant metastatic disease for which there is no curative therapy and median survival is 8–18 months. The aim of this research was to determine if loss of PTEN (highly prevalent in advanced prostate cancer) is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Previous work has demonstrated PTEN-deficient cells are sensitised to inhibitors of ATM, a key regulator in the response to DSBs. Here, we have shown the role of PTEN in cellular response to IR was both complex and context-dependent. Secondly, we have confirmed ATM inhibition in PTEN-depleted cell models, enhances ionising radiation-induced cell killing with minimal toxicity to normal prostate RWPE-1 cells. Furthermore, combined treatment significantly inhibited PTEN-deficient tumour growth compared to PTEN-expressing counterparts, with minimal toxicity observed. We have further shown PTEN loss is accompanied by increased endogenous levels of ROS and DNA damage. Taken together, these findings provide pre-clinical data for future clinical evaluation of ATM inhibitors as a neoadjuvant/adjuvant in combination with radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients harbouring PTEN mutations.

scholarly journals Unravelling the secrets of the resistance of GaN to strongly ionising radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel C. Sequeira ◽  
Jean-Gabriel Mattei ◽  
Henrique Vazquez ◽  
Flyura Djurabekova ◽  
Kai Nordlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Atomistic Simulations ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Swift Heavy Ions ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Radiation Hard

AbstractGaN is the most promising upgrade to the traditional Si-based radiation-hard technologies. However, the underlying mechanisms driving its resistance are unclear, especially for strongly ionising radiation. Here, we use swift heavy ions to show that a strong recrystallisation effect induced by the ions is the key mechanism behind the observed resistance. We use atomistic simulations to examine and predict the damage evolution. These show that the recrystallisation lowers the expected damage levels significantly and has strong implications when studying high fluences for which numerous overlaps occur. Moreover, the simulations reveal structures such as point and extended defects, density gradients and voids with excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. We expect that the developed modelling scheme will contribute to improving the design and test of future radiation-resistant GaN-based devices.

Molecular requirements for the combined effects of TRAIL and ionising radiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Marini ◽  
Verena Jendrossek ◽  
Elise Durand ◽  
Charlotte Gruber ◽  
Wilfried Budach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Combined Effects

Low-dose ionising radiation and cardiovascular diseases – Strategies for molecular epidemiological studies in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 764 ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kreuzer ◽  
Anssi Auvinen ◽  
Elisabeth Cardis ◽  
Janet Hall ◽  
Jean-Rene Jourdain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ionising Radiation

Effects of Ionising Radiation on Optical Properties of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals

2005 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
N. V. Sidorov ◽  
M. N. Palatnikov ◽  
V. T. Kalinnikov ◽  
I. V. Biryukova ◽  
K. Bormanis
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ionising Radiation

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION THE RISK IN PERSPECTIVE

The Lancet ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 311 (8072) ◽  
pp. 1032-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A Bonnell ◽  
G Harte
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionising Radiation
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