Propagation of the Hydraulic Head in an Elastic Pipeline

Abstract. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacent mountains. Such recharge can effectively occur through either stream infiltration in the mountain-front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) or subsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While a thorough understanding of recharge mechanisms is critical for conceptualizing and managing groundwater systems, distinguishing between MFR and MBR is difficult. We present an approach that uses hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity (EC) data to distinguish between MFR and MBR. These variables are inexpensive to measure, and may be readily available from hydrogeological databases in many cases. Hydraulic heads can provide information on groundwater flow directions and stream–aquifer interactions, while chloride concentrations and EC values can be used to distinguish between different water sources if these have a distinct signature. Such information can provide evidence for the occurrence or absence of MFR and MBR. This approach is tested through application to the Adelaide Plains basin, South Australia. The recharge mechanisms of this basin have long been debated, in part due to difficulties in understanding the hydraulic role of faults. Both hydraulic head and chloride (equivalently, EC) data consistently suggest that streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing when entering the basin. Moreover, the data indicate that not only the Quaternary aquifers but also the deeper Tertiary aquifers are recharged through MFR and not MBR. It is expected that this finding will have a significant impact on the management of water resources in the region. This study demonstrates the relevance of using hydraulic head, chloride and EC data to distinguish between MFR and MBR.

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Construction of Water Table Contour Map and Geo Hydrological Studies on Krishnagiri Using GIS Techniques

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.10.15644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.10) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

T Subramani ◽

S Mathialagan

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Hydraulic Head ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Subsurface Water ◽

Contour Map ◽

Contour Lines ◽

Gis Software ◽

Water Table Contour ◽

Contemporary Technology ◽

Water Level Contour

Geo-hydrology and groundwater exploration manner to pick out and to find the zone of recharge of groundwater in a precise river basin or a catchment .water level contour traces (or waft traces) are much like topographic strains on a map. They fully represent "elevations" in the subsurface. Water table contour lines can be used to inform which manner groundwater will glide in a given region. Plenty of wells are drilled and the hydraulic head is measured in each one. Water desk contours are drawn that be a part of areas of identical head .The ones water table contours lines are also called equipotential strains. Bear in mind: groundwater usually movements from a place of the higher hydraulic head to an area of decrease hydraulic head, and perpendicular to equipotential traces. In our challenge, we put into effect concept of water table contour map and geohydrological studies on Krishnagiri using GIS software program which plays the essential position in contemporary technology.

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Combining InSAR and Hydraulic Head Measurements to Estimate Aquifer Parameters and Storage Variations of Confined Aquifer System in Cangzhou, North China Plain

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2017wr022126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 8234-8252 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

L. Jiang ◽

L. Bai ◽

Y. Zhao ◽

G. Cao ◽

H. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Hydraulic Head ◽

Confined Aquifer ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Aquifer Parameters ◽

And Storage

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Correlating fracture trends and hydraulic head using semivariogram cloud analysis

Ground Water ◽

10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0010.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 250-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Kurtzman ◽

Ronit Nativ ◽

Eilon M. Adar

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Head ◽

Cloud Analysis

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Quantitative investigations of the hydraulic connection between a large reservoir and a buried valley aquifer in southern Alberta

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t05-065 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 1461-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B D Smerdon ◽

C A Mendoza ◽

A M McCann

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Flow ◽

Flow Model ◽

Hydraulic Head ◽

Water Levels ◽

Groundwater Flow Model ◽

Reservoir Level ◽

Hydraulic Connection ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Approximate Location ◽

Pumping Rates

Quantitative investigations, including two aquifer tests and development of a three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model, were required to determine the hydraulic connection between an irrigation reservoir and a buried valley aquifer in southern Alberta. Evidence of seepage was detected in the buried valley aquifer 10 km east of the Pine Coulee reservoir at the onset of filling in 1999, when the reservoir level exceeded an elevation of 1035 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Concern for an increase in the local water table and the creation of artesian conditions in the aquifer prompted this study to determine the approximate location of a seepage window that appeared to be connecting the reservoir and aquifer. Observations of hydraulic head in the aquifer during the pumping tests revealed a barrier boundary when the reservoir level was at an elevation of 1035 m a.s.l. and a recharge boundary condition when the elevation exceeded 1039 m a.s.l. These data were used to calibrate a 3D groundwater flow model, which was needed to determine the hydraulic properties and approximate location of the leakage zone. The quantitative investigation showed that seepage likely occurred through the sideslopes of the flooded coulee, rather than through the low-permeability coulee floor sediments or the embankment dam. Further simulations illustrated the expected seepage rates at various reservoir supply levels and the pumping rates required for relief wells installed in the buried valley aquifer to maintain historic aquifer hydraulic head. A brief postanalysis indicated that the forecasted pumping rates were only 15% lower than have been required to maintain preconstruction water levels in the buried valley aquifer.Key words: dams, seepage analysis, groundwater modelling, buried valley aquifer, pumping test.

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Analysis of Groundwater Response to Oscillatory Pumping Test in Unconfined Aquifers: Consider the Effects of Initial Condition and Wellbore Storage

10.5194/hess-2018-199 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ching-Sheng Huang ◽

Ya-Hsin Tsai ◽

Hund-Der Yeh ◽

Tao Yang

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Integral Transform ◽

Pumping Test ◽

Hydraulic Head ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Hydraulic Parameters ◽

Storage Effect ◽

Initial Condition ◽

Wellbore Storage ◽

Present Solution

Abstract. Oscillatory pumping test (OPT) is an alternative to constant-head and constant-rate pumping tests for determining aquifer hydraulic parameters without water extraction. There is a large number of analytical models presented for the analyses of OPT. The combined effects of wellbore storage and initial condition regarding the hydraulic head prior to OPT are commonly neglected in the existing models. This study aims to develop a new model for describing the hydraulic head fluctuation induced by OPT in an unconfined aquifer. The model contains a typical flow equation with an initial condition of static water table, inner boundary condition specified at the rim of a finite-radius well for incorporating wellbore storage effect, and linearized free surface equation describing water table movement. The analytical solution of the model is derived by the Laplace transform and finite integral transform. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for exploring head response to the change in each of hydraulic parameters. Results suggest that head fluctuation due to OPT starts from the initial condition and gradually tends to simple harmonic motion (SHM) after a certain pumping time. A criterion for estimating the time to have SHM since OPT is graphically presented. The validity of assuming an infinitesimal well radius without wellbore storage effect is investigated. The present solution agrees well to head fluctuation data observed at the Boise hydrogeophysical research site in southwestern Idaho.

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