Determination of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity for Physiological Phenotyping During Heavy Metal Exposure

We examined the influence of 3 consecutive days of high-intensity cycling on blood and urinary markers of oxidative stress. Eight highly-trained male cyclists (VO2 max76 ± 4 mL·kg–1·min–1; mean ± SD) completed an interval session (9 exercise bouts lasting 30 s each, at 150% peak power output) on day 1, followed by 2 laboratory-simulated 30 km time trials on days 2 and 3. The cyclists also completed a submaximal exercise trial matched to the interval session for oxygen consumption. Blood was collected pre- and post-exercise for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), vitamin E, and the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, while urine was collected for the determination of allantoin. There were significant increases in plasma MDA concentrations (p < 0.01), plasma TAS (p < 0.01), and urinary allantoin excretion (p < 0.01) following the high-intensity interval session on day 1, whereas plasma vitamin E concentration significantly decreased (p = 0.028). Post-exercise changes in plasma MDA (p = 0.036), TAS concentrations (p = 0.039), and urinary allantoin excretion (p = 0.031) were all significantly attenuated over the 3 consecutive days of exercise, whereas resting plasma TAS concentration was elevated. There were no significant changes in plasma MDA, TAS, or allantoin excretion following submaximal exercise and there were no significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity over consecutive days of exercise or following submaximal exercise. Consecutive days of high-intensity exercise enhanced resting plasma TAS concentration and reduced the post-exercise increase in plasma MDA concentrations.

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Effect of Probiotic and Amla Powder Supplementation on Metabolic Profile and Milk Production of Summer Stressed Buffaloes Residing in Heavy Metal Polluted Areas of Ludhiana

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4270 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pranesh V. Yeotikar ◽

Shashi Nayyar ◽

Chanchal Singh ◽

C.S. Mukhopadhyay ◽

Sandeep Sodhi Kakkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Milk Production ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Live Cells ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Heavy Metal Exposure ◽

Exposed Area ◽

Oral Supplementation

Background: Oxidative stress is a unified concept for the assessment of metabolic status of buffaloes affected by a cocktail of heavy metal exposure from environment and it may significantly affect the metabolic profile and milk production during summer season. The present study aimed at evaluation of effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026) and amla powder (Embilica officinalis) supplementation on levels of heavy metals, antioxidant status, oxidative stress in lymphocytes, metabolic profile and milk production of summer stressed buffaloes exposed to environmental heavy metal pollution. Methods: Twenty summer stressed lactating Murrah buffaloes of the same age group, close parity and in early lactation from the heavy metal exposed area were divided into two groups: Control (without supplementation) and Treatment group (supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae1026) @ 50 billion live cells / animal /day and Amla powder @ 86 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Blood and milk samples were collected from both the groups on the day of starting of supplementation (i.e. day 0) and on there after days 15 and 30 and analyzed for antioxidant status, metabolic profile, milk yield and quality.Result: Oral supplementation of probiotic and amla powder for 30 days improved the antioxidant status, metabolic profile and milk production of summer stressed buffaloes residing in heavy metal exposed area. The percentage monetary gains from buffaloes fed probiotic and amla powder was 13.68% more as compared to control.

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Curcumin Acts as a Chemosensitizer for Leiomyosarcoma Cells In Vitro But Fails to Mediate Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Cisplatin-Induced Experimental Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Integrative Cancer Therapies ◽

10.1177/1534735419872811 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 153473541987281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irida Dhima ◽

Stelios Zerikiotis ◽

Panagiotis Lekkas ◽

Yannis V. Simos ◽

Maria Gkiouli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Side Effects ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Dose Finding ◽

In Vivo Model

Background. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Although it represents an effective regimen, its application is accompanied by side effects to normal tissues, especially to the kidneys. Cisplatin generates free radicals and impairs the function of antioxidant enzymes. Modulation of cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by specific antioxidant molecules represents an attractive approach to minimize side effects. Methods. We studied the ability of curcumin to sensitize leiomyosarcoma (LMS) cells to cisplatin. Assays for cell proliferation, mitochondrial function, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were performed using various concentrations of cisplatin and a concentration of curcumin that caused a nonsignificant reduction in cell viability. Moreover, the effect of curcumin was examined against cisplatin-induced experimental nephrotoxicity. Renal injury was assessed by measuring serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and the kidney’s relative weight. Oxidative stress was measured by means of enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the rats’ blood and malondialdehyde levels in rats’ urine. Results. In our study, we found that curcumin sensitizes LMS cells to cisplatin by enhancing apoptosis and impairing mitochondrial function. In an in vivo model of cisplatin-induced experimental nephrotoxicity, intraperitoneal administration of curcumin failed to preserve blood’s antioxidant enzyme activity and decrease lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, curcumin was able to protect nephrons’ histology from cisplatin’s toxic effect. Conclusion. Our results showed that curcumin can act as chemosensitizer, but its role as an adjunctive cisplatin-induced oxidative stress inhibitor requires further dose-finding studies to maximize the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

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Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation

IUBMB Life ◽

10.1080/15216540152035073 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

P. D. Cetica ◽

L. N. Pintos ◽

G. C. Dalvit ◽

M. T. Beconi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Bovine Oocyte ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Effect of Oxidative Stress on Lymphocytes from Elderly Subjects

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0940447 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 447-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. García-Arumí ◽

A. L. Andreu ◽

J. López-Hellín ◽

S. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

Protein Carbonyl Content ◽

Healthy Elderly

1. Oxidative damage has been associated with ageing, but there is no agreement as to whether or not it is produced by a decrease in antioxidant defences with the ageing process. In purified lymphocytes from 47 healthy elderly (75.27 ± 0.91 years) and 47 healthy young (29.87 ± 0.53 years) volunteers, we studied the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), protein oxidative damage (as protein carbonyl content) and lysosomal proteolytic activity (cathepsins B, H and L), with and without exposure to oxidative stress produced by 25 μmol/l H2O2. 2. There were no differences in antioxidant enzyme activities in the stressed and non-stressed samples between the young and elderly subjects, indicating that there was no relationship between age and antioxidant enzyme activity even in oxidative stress. However, a dissimilar response to oxidative stress was observed in protein oxidative damage and cathepsin B and L activities, depending on the age of the donor. 3. With these results we conclude that oxidative stress produces greater protein oxidative damage and increased protein degradation in elderly subjects than in young ones; this effect cannot be attributed to dissimilar antioxidant enzyme responses to oxidative stress, since these did not differ between the two age groups.

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