Future Developments in In Vitro Methodology

1991 ◽  
pp. 313-339
Author(s):  
Michael Balls ◽  
Michael Garle ◽  
Richard Clothier
Keyword(s):  
Future Developments

In vitrotechniques as tools to predict nutrient supply in ruminants

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga ◽  
B. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
High Degree

AbstractIn vitro techniques are widely used to predict the nutritive value of foods for farm animals. However, food evaluation systems are moving towards systems based on nutrient flows rather than on energy or protein. Nutrients are supplied via the digestive tract and presently available in vitro methods are inadequate to simulate the complicated and non-steady-state processes in this tract. This is partly due the lack of adequate in vivo reference values and partly due to a too-high degree of standardization and simplification. Future developments should therefore aim to develop in vitro systems which closely monitor the dynamics of the digestive processes. Adequate interpretation of the results may require sophisticated mathematical models.

scholarly journals Proceedings of the First Workshop on Standards for Microfluidics

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin R. Reyes ◽  
Henne van Heeren
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostics ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Exciting Opportunity ◽  
Micro Total Analysis Systems ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Total Analysis

In the last two decades, the microfluidics/lab-on-a-chip field has evolved from the concept of micro total analysis systems, where systems with integrated pretreatment and analysis of chemicals were envisioned, to what is known today as lab-on-a-chip, which is expected to be modular. This field has shown great potential for the development of technologies that can make, and to some extent are making, a big difference in areas such as in vitro diagnostics, point of care testing, organ on a chip, and many more. Microfluidics plays an essential role in these systems, and determining the standards needed in this area is critical for enabling new markets and products, and to advance research and development. Our goal was to bring together stakeholders from industry, academia, and government to discuss and define the needs within the field for the development of standards. This publication contains a summary of the workshop, abstracts from each presentation, and a summary of the breakout sessions from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Workshop on Standards for Microfluidics, held on June 1–2, 2017. The workshop was attended by 46 persons from 26 organizations and 11 countries. This was a unique and exciting opportunity for stakeholders from all over the world to join in the discussion of future developments towards standardization in the microfluidics arena.

scholarly journals Developing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications for Oral Drug Products—Industrial and Regulatory Perspectives

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McAllister ◽  
Talia Flanagan ◽  
Karin Boon ◽  
Xavier Pepin ◽  
Christophe Tistaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Regulatory Sciences ◽  
Key Questions

A meeting that was organized by the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biopharmaceutics and Regulatory Sciences focus groups focused on the challenges of Developing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications (CRDS) for Oral Drug Products. Industrial Scientists that were involved in product development shared their experiences with in vitro dissolution and in silico modeling approaches to establish clinically relevant dissolution specifications. The regulators shared their perspectives on the acceptability of these different strategies for the development of acceptable specifications. The meeting also reviewed several collaborative initiatives that were relevant to regulatory biopharmaceutics. Following the scientific presentations, a roundtable session provided an opportunity for delegates to discuss the information that was shared during the presentations, debate key questions, and propose strategies to make progress in this critical area of regulatory biopharmaceutics. It was evident from the presentations and subsequent discussions that progress continues to be made with approaches to establish robust CRDS. Further dialogue between industry and regulatory agencies greatly assisted future developments and key areas for focused discussions on CRDS were identified.

In Vitro Chronic Neurotoxicity Assays: Present and Future Developments☆

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Nagel ◽  
E.J. Hill ◽  
E.K. Woehrling ◽  
M.D. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Future Developments

Retinal Prosthetics

2014 ◽  
pp. 8-37
Author(s):  
Milan Djilas ◽  
Serge Picaud
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Electrode Design ◽  
Retinal Prostheses ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

In this chapter, the authors briefly introduce the neuroanatomical basis for vision and explain how the retina processes visual information. Pathology of the retina and the conditions that cause photoreceptor degeneration and lead to blindness are then given, followed by the main part of the chapter in which they present an overview of the concept of restoring vision with visual prosthetics. The focus is specifically on retinal prostheses and electrical stimulation parameters used with these devices. Both in vitro and in vivo animal studies from the last decade are surveyed, together with the latest results from human trials conducted in multiple research centers worldwide. Eventually, the authors discuss current open issues of the technology, such as implant placement, biocompatibility, electrode design, and safety. In the final section, they give their opinion on future developments and perspectives.

scholarly journals An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Morgan F. Orsolini ◽  
Stuart A. Meyers ◽  
Pouya Dini
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Production Section ◽  
In Vitro Embryo Production ◽  
Equine Industry ◽  
Selection Of

As the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) expand in the equine industry, it has become necessary to further our understanding of available semen selection techniques. This segment of our two-section review will focus on the selection of spermatozoa based on quality and sex for equine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as current and future developments in sperm sorting technologies. Ultimately, novel methods of semen selection will be assessed based on their efficacy in other species and their relevance and future application towards ARTs in the horse.

scholarly journals The ecology of cancer differentiation therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricard Sole ◽  
Guim Aguade
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Model ◽  
Differentiation Therapy ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Insight Into

A promising, yet still under development approach to cancer treatment is based on the idea of differentiation therapy (DTH). Most tumours are characterised by poorly differentiated cell populations exhibiting a marked loss of traits associated to communication and tissue homeostasis. DTH has been suggested as an alternative (or complement) to cytotoxic-based approaches, and has proven successful in some specific types of cancer such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). While novel drugs favouring the activation of differentiation therapies are being tested, several open problems emerge in relation to its efectiveness on solid tumors. Here we present a mathematical approach to DTH based on a well-known ecological model used to describe habitat loss in a logistic-growing population experiencing death. This model seems to account for some of the observed clinical and in vitro outcomes of DTH while it provides relevant insight into potential treatment scenarios. Furthermore, the same ecological approach is tested in a hierarchical model that accounts for cancer stem cells, proving that DTH might be an effective opportunity to tackle all the self-renewing cellular compartments in a tumor. We show that the lessons learnt from metapopulation ecology can help guide future developments and potential difficulties of DTH.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles: A New Approach to Upgrade Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyang Yu ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Kehan Chen ◽  
Wenqiang Zhang ◽  
Qihang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Tumor Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Feasible Solutions

AbstractTraditional cancer therapeutics have been criticized due to various adverse effects and insufficient damage to targeted tumors. The breakthrough of nanoparticles provides a novel approach for upgrading traditional treatments and diagnosis. Actually, nanoparticles can not only solve the shortcomings of traditional cancer diagnosis and treatment, but also create brand-new perspectives and cutting-edge devices for tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, most of the research about nanoparticles stays in vivo and in vitro stage, and only few clinical researches about nanoparticles have been reported. In this review, we first summarize the current applications of nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment. After that, we propose the challenges that hinder the clinical applications of NPs and provide feasible solutions in combination with the updated literature in the last two years. At the end, we will provide our opinions on the future developments of NPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

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